03 Paint Types

(1)

What Is Paint?

(2)

Manufacturing a paint

•

• Paint production is a

Paint production is a

complex production

process

•

• Here, we have simplified

Here, we have simplified

the process by showing

some of the most

important steps.

Paint technology / What is paint1

(3)

Manufacturing a paint

•

• Paint production is a

Paint production is a

complex production

process

•

• Here, we have simplified

Here, we have simplified

the process by showing

some of the most

important steps.

(4)

Paint consist of:

•

• Binder

Binder

•

• Colour pigments

Colour pigments

•

• Extenders

Extenders

•

• olvents

olvents

•

• !dditives

!dditives

(5)

Hydro carbons Hydro carbons

Composition of paints

Paints

B

Biin

nd

deerr

P

Piig

gm

meen

nttss

So

S

ollv

veen

nttss

A

Ad

dd

diittiiv

veess

Natural Resin Natural Resin ••Drying oilDrying oil ••Coal Coal TaTar r

•• Nitrocellulose Nitrocellulose Synthetic Resin Synthetic Resin ••AlkydAlkyd ••C C ••!po"y!po"y ••Polyester Polyester ••PolyurethanePolyurethane ••#ilicate#ilicate Colouring Colouring E

Exxtteennddeerr AAnnttii--sseettttlliinngg Wett

Wetting aing agentgent

nhibitive !igm" nhibitive !igm" Plasticiser Plasticiser Anti-s#inner Anti-s#inner $rier $rier Cathodically Cathodically !rotective !rotective Biocides Biocides %etones %etones Alcohols Alcohols Esters Esters Ethers Ethers

(6)

The properties of a paint will

The properties of a paint will be

be

The properties of a paint will be

decided by the binder

•

"hree generic type of"hree generic type of

binders are applied to

test panels# !l$yd,

epoxy and polyurethane

•

Exposed to sunlight,Exposed to sunlight,

water chemicals

•

%ifferent properties are%ifferent properties are

demonstrated.

•

&mportant to select the&mportant to select the

correct type of paint for

the purpose

(7)

Oxidising

• !l$yd

Physically drying

• Chlorinated rubber

• 'inyl

• !crylic

• !sphalt

• "ar

Chemically curing

• Epoxy

• Polyurethane

• Polyester

• ilicate

Curing mechanism of binders

(8)

#ol(ents e(aporating

Poly)er )olecules stick together *no che)ical

+onds,-Physical drying.

Physical drying.

Solvent borne paints

(9)

packing- Poly)er  Curing agent *hardener,

#ol(ents e(aporating

Curing mechanism of

two -pack paints

Poly)er 0 hardener )olecules reacted

to or) a ne che)ical

(10)

su+stance-Mixing of twopac! paints

Mixing of twopac! paints

"isual mixing control

• A dark +ase )akes it

easy to see hen the

)i"ing is co)plete

• t is diicult to (eriy

proper )i"ing hen the

+ase is clear

• nsuicient )i"ing

results in reduced

protecti(e properties o

the paint syste)

(11)

$inyl

Chlorinated ru++er

!po"y

Polyurethane

7rethane alkyd

Alkyd

8oiled linseed oil

a linseed oil

The surface tolerance depends on the

penetrating properties of the binder

#urace tolerant

paint-!po"y 5astic

(12)

#ust pre$enti$e pigments

• (ed lead

• )inc chromate

• )inc phosphate

(13)

Colour pigments

"ypes*colours#

• &norganic# (ed + yellow + brown + blac$

• rganic# !ll shades

• "itanium dioxide# -hite

unction#

• Hiding power

• (e/uired colour

• Protects the binder from degradation by

(14)

%xtender pigments

• &mproves the corrosion protective properties

• &mproves the resistance to water and

chemicals

• &mproves the application properties

• "a$es up stresses in the paint film

(15)

%xtenders &fillers'

• "alc 23g silicate fibre4

• Barium sulphate

• 3icrodol 2%olomite4

• China clay 2!l silicate4

• Potassium carbonate

• 3ica 2Potassium or !luminium

(16)

%xtenders

(tress reducing pigments

• !luminium fla$es

• 1lass fla$es

• "alc 23g silicate fibre4

• 3ica 2Potassium, !luminium

(17)

• Dissol(e the +inder

• 9i(e loer (iscosity

• 9i(e application properties

or +rush: roller: spray

Solvents / diluents

(18)

• Water

• White #pirit

• ;ylen

• Toluen

• <etones

• 9lycoles

• Alcohols

• eacti(e sol(ents

Solvents / diluents , eamples

(19)

• Wetting agent

• Anti=oa)

• Anti=settling

• Anti=skin

• Anti sagging

• Catalysts

• 7$=a+sor+ers

etc>

)dditi$es

(20)

What is the *ifference +etween

a Paint, a "arnish and a (tain ?

Binder Additives Stain &arnish Paint Solvents Extenders Pigments

)nly matt or

satin *inish

(21)

Corrosion protection by paints

• Barrier effect

• &nhibitor effect

• 1alvanic effect

or corrosion prevention with paints,

three main principles are employed#

(22)

Primer Steel +st coat ,nd coat

)per(ious to ions:

o"ygen: car+on dio"ide

?o )oisture trans)ission

Strong adhering coating thoroughly

ets steel sur*ace _{Physical as ell as}

No voids at inter*ace to accumulate ater

Clean sur*ace - no salts

)n imper$ious coating ser$es as an

inert barrier to protect the surface

(23)

Why are so)e paints pig)ented

ith alu)iniu) or glasslakes @

Water

Paint ith glass or alu)iniu) lakes

#teel

la$e+formed pigments ma$e it more difficult for moisture to reach the steel as the distance becomes longer.

!arrier effect

(24)

Corrosion protection by

paints-The barrier effect

The barrier effect

• -hen paint is applied to

a structure a barrier is

created between the

substrate material and

the surrounding

environment

• ! thic$ paint film will

give a better barrier than

a thin film

• "he barrier effect can be

further improved by

(25)

5oisture )ay penetrate to reach the inhi+iti(e

pri)er here the reacti(e pig)ents are acti(ated: hich in turn

"nhibition

nhi+iti(e Pri)er 1st Coat 2nd Coat #teel 5oisture A+sorption

onisation o nhi+itor

eaction ith #teel #urace

(26)

norganic .inc Primer

,nd )rganic /o!coat

#uperior adhesion pre(ents coating undercut 5oisture allos inc to

ioniBe: cathodically protecting the steel> Da)age in coating to steel surace

An inorganic .inc !rimer reacts to !rotect the steel substrate hen the to!coat is damaged"

Cathodically protecti$e

pigments

Steel .n,(

(27)

Steel

5oisture (apour

penetrating

5oisture (apour

e(aporating

_{#trong adhesion}

3 Coat syste)

0oisture trans*er through a coating ith excellent adhesion

Penetration of moisture

(28)

Penetration of moisture in areas

with poor adhesion.

A three coat system

1"

$apour pressure

lits coats in areas

ith poor adhesion

+"

5oisture (apour

,"

5oisture

penetrating into (oid

*Poor adhesion,

(29)

.eneric types of paint

(30)

"he word is divided in two parts to ma$e it

understandable#

!56 7% 21erman4

!5 C&% 2English4

!5 is coming from alcohol, C&% or 867%9

rom the English word acid.

)l!yd is made from organic alcohol / acid / oil

)l!yd

(31)

•

1ood application properties

•

:+component

•

1ood weather durability

•

1ood wetting properties

•

1ood recoatability

•

1ood levelling properties

•

1ood gloss retention

•

%ry heat resistant up to :;< =C.

•

Poor chemical resistance 2especially against

al$aline4

•

5imited water resistance 2submerged4

•

5imited solvent resistance

•

5imited film thic$ness per coat

•

Poor adhesion to C(

•

>ever to be used on )inc

#lkyd paints

Properties

(32)

Modified )l!yd paints

• (tyrene al!yds + ?uic$er drying

• (ilicone al!yds + better gloss retention

• 0rethane al!yds + ?uic$er drying, better

water and chemical resistance. Can be applied

in thic$er coats 2@<+:<< microns %"4

(33)

Segments

•

3arine

•

&ndustry

•

%ecorative

)b3ects

•

>ewbuildings * 3aintenance

•

!ll exterior and interior obAects

•

nly dry exposure 2no immersion4

• Sur*ace !re!aration

•

t ; to a ; or shop primed steel

)l!yd paint

Where to use

(34)

)d$antages

_1imitations

•

5ow solid content

•

Poor resistance against strong solvents

•

%ry heat resistant up to approximately < =C

0sed for:

$inyl paints

Properties

•

Physically drying

•

1ood chemical resistance

•

1ood water resistance

•

?uic$ drying

•

>ot temperature dependent

•

ne+component

(35)

)d$antages

• Higher content of

solids

• Higher water

resistance

• Better wetting

properties

• Cost advantages

*isad$antages

• Bleeding

• %ar$ colours

• "ar on cancer list

0sed for: 0nder water

$inyl Tar - %odified type

Properties

(36)

)d$antages

•

Chemical curing

•

'ery good chemical resistance

•

High al$ali resistance

•

3oderate resistance to acids

•

1ood adhesion

•

'ery low permeability

•

High mechanical strength

•

%ry heat resistant up to :;<DC

1imitations

•

Chal$ing

•

"emperature dependent

•

; + component

•

(e/uires blast cleaning

•

vercoating time

Pure &poy paints

Properties

(37)

Pure %poxy paints

Where to use

• hips

• ffshore

• &ndustry

• >ew buildings * 3aintenance

• Chemical cargo tan$s

• Blast+cleaned to a ; or

shop primed steel

(egments

Ob2ects

(38)

)d$antages:

•

Chemically curing

•

3ore flexible

•

Excellent water resistance

•

Better wetting properties

•

%ry heat resistant up to

1imitations:

•

%ar$ colour

•

"emp. dependent

•

;+component

•

(ecoating interval

•

Bleeding when overcoated

%poxy Coal Tar

Properties

(39)

%poxy  acrylic

Properties

•

'ery good weather resistance

•

'ery good gloss retention

•

'ery good solvent resistance

•

Cures down to < DC

•

Potlife 2;F timer4

• ;+pac$

• vercoating time

Positi$e

_1imitations

(40)

%poxy  acrylic pints

Where to use

• #hips

• shore

• ndustry

• Ne +uildings / 5aintenance

• A+o(e ater

• ndoor and outdoor

• Top coat on !po"y: !po"y

• 5astic: Polyester glass lake

Segments

)b3ects

(41)

)d$antages

•

Chemically curing

•

urface tolerant

•

5ight colours

•

'ery good water resistance

•

'ery good wetting properties

•

1ood chemical resistance

•

High solid content

•

High build 2"hic$ coats4

•

-inter curing agent

•

%ry heat resistant up to < D C

1imitations

%poxy Mastic paints

Properties

• Chal$ing

• "emperature dependent

• >ot to be applied on

thic$ coats of physically

drying paints

• 3inimum %" :G<

µ

m

(42)

Epoxy 3astic paints

Where to use

•

hips

•

ffshore

•

&ndustry

•

Ballast tan$s and Cargo tan$s

•

!ll exterior and interior surfaces, above and below water

•

t ; to a ; or -ater Aetted,

3agnesium descaled or shop primed steel

Segments

)b3ects

(43)

• Correct mixing ratio

• 1ood mixing

• Potlife

• &nduction time

• Correct pre+

treatment

• Correct film

thic$ness

• !de/uate ventilation

• "emperature

dependent curing

• !void high humidity

• 3inimum and

maximum curing

times

• "ime for fully cured

• 0se epoxy thinner

• Health and epoxy

%xperience

When using %poxy paints

(44)

• 'ery good weather

resistance

• Excellent gloss

durability

• 'ery good chemical

resistance

• 'ery good solvent

resistance

• Cures down to < DC

• ;+pac$

• 3ay cause s$in

irritation

• vercoating time

Polyurethane paints

Properties

)d$antages

1imitations

(45)

Polyurethane paints

Where to use

•

hips

•

ffshore

•

&ndustry

•

!ll exterior substrates above water 2!lso internal at times4

•

n top of Epoxy, Epoxy 3astic and Polyester coatings

Segments

)b3ects

(46)

0"  1ight

.loss #etention for "arious Paints

(47)

4inc %poxy

Properties

•

Chemically curing

•

1ood corrosion protection

•

1ood adhesion

•

(e/uire min. a ; 

•

1ood mechanical strength

•

3ay be recoated with all

types of paint, except !l$yd

•

%ry heat resistant up to :;< =C

• "emperature dependent

• ;+component

• ilm thic$ness# ;G + G<

µ

m

• >ot acid+ and al$aline

resistant

2(esistant between pH

G+4

(48)

4inc %poxy paints

Where to use

• hips

• ffshore

• &ndustry

• >ewbuildings * 3aintenance

• !ll exterior and interior

obAects above and below

water 2as holding primer for

underwater use ;<+<

microns4.

• Blast+cleaning to minimum a

;

Segments

)b3ects

(49)

4inc %thyl silicate paints

Properties

• 'ery good solvent

resistance

• 'ery high heath

resistance

2max F<<

o

C4

• 'ery high mechanical

strength

• 'ery good adhesion to

blast cleaned steel

• (elatively good re+

coatability

• (e/uires humidity for

curing

• ;+pac$

• 3ax. %"# :<< Im

!t higher %"

tendency of mud+

crac$ing or chec$ing

)d$antages

_1imitations

(50)

4inc %thyl silicate paints

Where to use

• hips

• ffshore

• &ndustry

• >ewbuildings * 3aintenance

• !ll exterior obAects above the

waterline.

• "an$ coating and -ater ballast

tan$ 2>o paint on top4

• Blast+cleaning to minimum a

;

Segments

)b3ects

(51)

(ilicone )luminium paints

Properties

• Pure silicone aluminium :

(esistant up to approximately @<<DC

• Modified silicone aluminium :

(esistant up to approximately F<<DC

• To be applied in thin coats only &56

7m'

Heavier coats may give blistering

(emember#

"o be applied on a ; 

(52)

.lass fla!e #einforced

Polyester

• or protection of steel and, in certain

cases, !luminium and concrete.

• "he glass+fla$es are +G microns thic$

and F<< microns across.

• Potlife # !pproximately FG minutes.

• %rying time# !pproximately  hours.

(53)

.lass fla!e #einforced Polyester

Properties

)d$antages

•

?uic$ curing

•

'ariable curing time

•

!pplication with airless

•

Excellent mechanical strength

•

1lass+fla$es reduce shrin$age, increases

mechanical strength and water resistance.

• 1imitations

•

"emperature dependent

•

hort potlife

•

(ecoating interval ; + :; hours

•

Bad curing may be

experienced on )inc primers and galvanised surfaces.

(54)