PREPOSITI
PREPOSITIONS
ONS and
and PHRASAL
PHRASAL VERBS
VERBS
P
PAGE
AGE
1-
1- PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITIONS WITH
WITH TIME
TIME EXPRESSIONS
EXPRESSIONS ...
...
...
.. 22
1-1 AT, ON, IN
1-1 AT, ON, IN
...
...
...
...
...
... 22
1-2
1-2 OTHER PREPOS
OTHER PREPOSITIONS USED W
ITIONS USED WITH TIME E
ITH TIME EXPRESSIONS
XPRESSIONS
...
... 77
2-
2- PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITIONS OF
OF PLACE
PLACE ...
...
...
...
... 11
11
3-
3- PREPOSITION
PREPOSITION COMBINA
COMBINATIONS
TIONS ...
...
...
... 16
.... 16
3-1
3-1 NOUN
NOUN +
+ PREPOSITION
PREPOSITION
...
...
...
...
... 16
16
3-2
3-2 PREPOSION
PREPOSION +
+ NOUN
NOUN
...
...
...
...
... 19
19
3-3
3-3 PREPOSITION +
PREPOSITION + NOUN +
NOUN + PREPOSITION
PREPOSITION
...
... 27
27
3-4 ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION
3-4 ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION
...
...
...28
...28
3-5 VERB + PREPOSITION
3-5 VERB + PREPOSITION
...
...
...
...
... 29
29
3-6 VERB + OBJECT + PREPOSITION
3-6 VERB + OBJECT + PREPOSITION
...
... 30
30
3-7 VERB + NOUN + PREPOSITION
3-7 VERB + NOUN + PREPOSITION
...
...
...31
...31
4-
4- PHRASAL
PHRASAL VERBS
VERBS ...
...
...
...
...
... 39
39
4-1
4-1 PHRASAL
PHRASAL VERBS
VERBS WITH "UP"
WITH "UP"
...
... 40
40
4-2 PHRASAL VERBS WITH "DOWN"
4-2 PHRASAL VERBS WITH "DOWN"
...41
...41
4-3 PHRASAL VERBS WITH "OUT"
4-3 PHRASAL VERBS WITH "OUT"
...
... 42
42
4-4 PHRASAL VERBS WITH "OFF"
4-4 PHRASAL VERBS WITH "OFF"
...
... 44
44
4-5
4-5 PHRASAL
PHRASAL VERBS
VERBS WITH "ON"
WITH "ON"
...
... 45
45
4-6 PHRASAL VERBS WITH "IN" AND "INTO"
4-6 PHRASAL VERBS WITH "IN" AND "INTO"
... 46
...
46
4-7 PHRASAL VERBS WITH OTHER PARTICLES
4-7 PHRASAL VERBS WITH OTHER PARTICLES
...
... 47
47
4-8 THREE-WORD VERBS
4-8 THREE-WORD VERBS
...
...
...
...
... 48
48
EXAMPLES FROM
EXAMPLES FROM OYS/YDS
OYS/YDS ...
...
...
...
...
... 52
52
APPENDIX
APPENDIX 1
1 ...
...
...
...
...
...
... 54
54
APPENDIX
APPENDIX 2 ...
2 ...
...
...
...
... 61
... 61
APPENDIX
APPENDIX 3 ...
3 ...
...
...
...
... 63
... 63
C O N T E N T S
C O N T E N T S
PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITIONS
İngilizce'de
İngilizce'de "preposition""preposition" çok geniş kapsamlı bir sözcük grubudur. Cümle içindeki başlıca işlevi,çok geniş kapsamlı bir sözcük grubudur. Cümle içindeki başlıca işlevi, cümlenin diğer öğeleri arasında, özellikle de isimler arasında bağlantı kurmaktır. Bir preposition' dan cümlenin diğer öğeleri arasında, özellikle de isimler arasında bağlantı kurmaktır. Bir preposition' dan sonra
sonra nounnoun, , propronounnoun, , gerugerund nd veve noun clausenoun clause gelebgelebilirilir. . PrepPrepositioosition' n' dan dan sonrsonra a gelen isimler gelen isimler yalınyalın haldedir:
haldedir: to to JaJamemes, s, on on ththe e tatablble, e, wiwith th my my paparrenentsts, , etetc.c. ProPronounoun n iseise objectobject pronounpronoun biçimindebiçiminde kullanılır:
kullanılır: to him, on it, with them, etc.to him, on it, with them, etc.
She is going
She is going to the cinema with the childrento the cinema with the children. (prep. + noun). (prep. + noun) They are very kind
They are very kindto usto us. (prep. + pronoun). (prep. + pronoun) He is quite interested
He is quite interestedin reading.in reading. (prep. + gerun(prep. + gerund)d)
I don't approve
I don't approve of what you didof what you did. (prep + noun claus. (prep + noun clause)e)
1-
1-
PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITIONS WITH
WITH TIME
TIME EXPRESSIONS
EXPRESSIONS
1-1
1-1 AT
AT, , ON,
ON, IN
IN
a) ATa) AT
Saatlerle
Saatlerleatat kullanılır.kullanılır.
Our classes start
Our classes startat 9at 9and finishand finish at 12.at 12.
Yesterday, I left work
Yesterday, I left work at 6at 6o'clock sharp.o'clock sharp.
What time ...?
What time ...? ile sorulan sorularda ve bu sorulara verilen kısa yanıtlarda at genellikleile sorulan sorularda ve bu sorulara verilen kısa yanıtlarda at genellikle kulllanılmaz.
kulllanılmaz.
--AtAtwhat time does the meeting start?what time does the meeting start? --AtAt9 o'clock in the morning.9 o'clock in the morning.
- What time does the meeting start ? - What time does the meeting start ? - 9 o'clock in the morning
- 9 o'clock in the morning
PREPOSITIONS and
Zamanda bir
Zamanda bir noktanoktabelirten ifadelerlebelirten ifadelerleatat kullanılır. Bu ifadeleri söyle gruplandırabiliriz:kullanılır. Bu ifadeleri söyle gruplandırabiliriz:
We are planning to set off
We are planning to set off at dawnat dawn. (Şafakta ... ). (Şafakta ... ) Most people were living in great poverty
Most people were living in great poverty at that timeat that time. (O zamanlar ...). (O zamanlar ...) He left home
He left homeat the age of 15.at the age of 15.(15 yaşında ...)(15 yaşında ...) They are working on a new project
They are working on a new projectat the moment/at presentat the moment/at present. (Şu anda .... ). (Şu anda .... )
At the end
At the end ileile in the endin the end arasındaki ayrıma dikkat ediniz.arasındaki ayrıma dikkat ediniz. In the endIn the end,, finally finally anlamındadır veanlamındadır ve kendinden sonra başka bir isim gelmez.
kendinden sonra başka bir isim gelmez. At the endAt the endise, bir şeyin sonunda anlamını verir:ise, bir şeyin sonunda anlamını verir: at the end of at the end of the month, at the end of the week, at the end of the term, etc.
the month, at the end of the week, at the end of the term, etc.
He had been out of
He had been out of work for months, butwork for months, but in the endin the end, he found a good job., he found a good job. I will be paid
I will be paidat the end of the monthat the end of the month. Then I can pay you back.. Then I can pay you back.
Weekend
Weekendile British Englishile British English atat, American English, American Englishononkullanır.kullanır. W
We usually go to e usually go to the cinemathe cinemaat the weekend/on the weekendat the weekend/on the weekend..
b) ON b) ON
Günlerle ve tarihlerle
Günlerle ve tarihlerle ononkullanılır.kullanılır.
He plays football
He plays footballon Saturdayson Saturdays.. I last saw him
I last saw himon his birthdayon his birthday.. This booklet will come out
This booklet will come outon December the 21ston December the 21st..
Meal
Meal times times ::at tea time, at lunch time, at dinner timeat tea time, at lunch time, at dinner time
Festivals :
Festivals :at Christmas, at Easter at Christmas, at Easter
A
Aggee ::at 17, at the age of 17at 17, at the age of 17
Other points Other points
oof f ttiimmee ::at dawn, at middayat dawn, at midday, at midnight, at night, at noon, at the , at midnight, at night, at noon, at the weekend, at theweekend, at the moment, at present, at the beginning of the year, at the end of the month moment, at present, at the beginning of the year, at the end of the month
at + time
at + time :: at that time, at the same time, at this timeat that time, at the same time, at this time
on
on Monday Monday on on (one's) (one's) birthday birthday on on Monday Monday morningmorning on
on Sunday(s) Sunday(s) on on Christmas Christmas Day Day on on that that datedate on
c) IN c) IN
Daha uzun zaman dilimleri bildiren ifadelerle
Daha uzun zaman dilimleri bildiren ifadelerle ininkullanılır.kullanılır.
Morning, afternoon, evening
Morning, afternoon, evening ifadeleriyle normaldeifadeleriyle normaldeinin kullanılır. kullanılır. Ancak bu ifadeleri Ancak bu ifadeleri bir gün ismiylebir gün ismiyle birlikte kullandığımızda preposition
birlikte kullandığımızda preposition onondur.dur. She usually does the shopping
She usually does the shopping in the morningsin the mornings.. She usually does the shopping
She usually does the shopping on Monday morningson Monday mornings.. The meeting will be held
The meeting will be heldin the eveningin the evening.. The meeting will be held
The meeting will be heldon Friday eveningon Friday evening.. Aylar ve yıllarla
Aylar ve yıllarla ininkullanılır. kullanılır. Ancak bir ifadede Ancak bir ifadede günü de belirtigünü de belirtiyorsak yorsak ononkullanılır.kullanılır. He was born
He was born in 1988in 1988.. He was born
He was born in Mayin May.. He was born
He was born in May, 1988in May, 1988.. He was born
He was born on 8th May, 1988on 8th May, 1988.. He was born
He was born on 8th Mayon 8th May.. Birinin yaşını ifade ederken
Birinin yaşını ifade ederken at the age of at the age of kullanılır. kullanılır. Ancak, kişinin yaşını kesin Ancak, kişinin yaşını kesin olarak bilmiyorsak,olarak bilmiyorsak, inin her/his thirties
her/his thirties gibi ifadeler kullanırız. In her gibi ifadeler kullanırız. In her earlyearly thirtiesthirties (otuzlu yaşların başlarınd(otuzlu yaşların başlarında)a),, in her in her mid mid
--thirties
thirties (otuzbeş yaşlarınd(otuzbeş yaşlarında)a),, in her in her latelate thirtiesthirties (otuzlu yaşların sonlarınd(otuzlu yaşların sonlarında)a) gibi ifadeler tahminimizegibi ifadeler tahminimize
daha bir kesinlik
daha bir kesinlik kazandırırkazandırır..
I don't think she is as old as she looks. I don't think she is as old as she looks. She must be
She must bein her mid-fiftiesin her mid-fifties..
Next, last
Next, lastvevethisthis, zaman zarflarıyla kullanıldığında, zaman zarflarıyla kullanıldığındain, on, atin, on, at kullanılmaz.kullanılmaz. They moved to Ankara
They moved to Ankaralast year.last year.
W
We are going on e are going on holidayholidaynextnext monthmonth.. We will meet again
We will meet againnextnext SaturdaySaturday.. She stayed in İzmir for two weeks
She stayed in İzmir for two weekslastlast winterwinter.. W
We haven't decided yet e haven't decided yet where to go on holidawhere to go on holidayythisthis summersummer..
Months
Months : in Januar: in Januaryy, in , in December December
Years
Years : in 1988, in 1923, in the 1960s: in 1988, in 1923, in the 1960s
Seasons
Seasons : in (th: in (the)e)summer, in (thsummer, in (the)e)springspring
Centuries Centuries and Ages
and Ages: in the 20th : in the 20th centurycentury, in the , in the Middle AgesMiddle Ages
Others
Others : in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening in the middle of the night
d) IN + A PERIOD OF TIME d) IN + A PERIOD OF TIME
In two days, in a few hours, in three years, in a week, etc.
In two days, in a few hours, in three years, in a week, etc. gibi ifadeler gelecekte bir zaman belirtir. Bugibi ifadeler gelecekte bir zaman belirtir. Bu ifadeleri
ifadeleri in two days' time, in in two days' time, in three years' time, in a week'sthree years' time, in a week's timetime biçiminde de kullanabiliriz.biçiminde de kullanabiliriz.
W
We are moving into our e are moving into our new apartmentnew apartment in two weeks/in two weeks' timein two weeks/in two weeks' time.. (İki hafta sonra ... )
(İki hafta sonra ... )
They are going to get married
They are going to get married in three months/in three months' timein three months/in three months' time.. (Üç ay sonra ... )
(Üç ay sonra ... )
I expect we'll have arrived in the town
I expect we'll have arrived in the town in an hour/in an hour's timein an hour/in an hour's time.. (Bir saat sonra ... )
(Bir saat sonra ... )
In + a period of time
In + a period of time ifadesini, bir işin ne kadar zamanda yapıldığını belirtirken de kullanabiliriz. Buifadesini, bir işin ne kadar zamanda yapıldığını belirtirken de kullanabiliriz. Bu anlamda
anlamdaininyerineyerine withinwithinde kullanılabilir.de kullanılabilir. Normally
Normally, in the , in the first grade of Elementarfirst grade of Elementary school, they teach children to y school, they teach children to readreadinin (within) two or three months.
(within) two or three months. (... iki-üç ayda/iki-üç ay içinde ...)(... iki-üç ayda/iki-üç ay içinde ...) He usually does his homework
He usually does his homework in (within) an hourin (within) an hour. (= Usually it takes him an. (= Usually it takes him an hour to do his homework.)
hour to do his homework.)
Most of the students finished the examination
Most of the students finished the examinationin (within) an hour and a half in (within) an hour and a half .. (= It took them an hour and a half to finish the examination.)
(= It took them an hour and a half to finish the examination.)
In + a
In + a perioperiod of d of timetime ifadesi bu anlamda " "apostrophe + time" biçiminde kullanılmaz. Şu iki örneğiifadesi bu anlamda " "apostrophe + time" biçiminde kullanılmaz. Şu iki örneği karşılaştıralım:
karşılaştıralım:
You will have to eat lunch
You will have to eat lunch in (within) half an hourin (within) half an hour.. Yemeğini
Yemeğiniyarım saatte/yarım saat içindeyarım saatte/yarım saat içinde yemek zorunda kalacaksın.yemek zorunda kalacaksın. You will have to eat lunch
You will have to eat lunch in half an hour/in half an hour's timein half an hour/in half an hour's time.. Yemeğini
Yemeğiniyarım saat sonrayarım saat sonra yemek zorunda kalacaksın.yemek zorunda kalacaksın.
EXERCISE
EXERCISE 1 1 :: Complete the sentences withComplete the sentences with at, on, inat, on, in..
1-1-
YYou should start to feel ou should start to feel the effects of the medicine the effects of the medicine ... a day or two... a day or two.2-2-
It is hard to entertain the family ... your birthday and relax ... the same time.It is hard to entertain the family ... your birthday and relax ... the same time.3-3-
So, I will see you ... the 5th of November ... lunch time, and then we will goSo, I will see you ... the 5th of November ... lunch time, and then we will go to the opera ... the evening.to the opera ... the evening.
4-4-
WWe had a big e had a big family meal ... the dafamily meal ... the day when my son got his university when my son got his university degree.y degree. Everyone stayed until lateEveryone stayed until late ... night... night.
5-5-
I may be home a little later tI may be home a little later than usual ... Saturday evening, but as soon as I arrive,han usual ... Saturday evening, but as soon as I arrive, I'll be ready to6-6-
The flag sellers make a The flag sellers make a lot of money ... Independence Day.lot of money ... Independence Day.7-7-
Jake should arrive ... a few minutes Jake should arrive ... a few minutes because he has an appointment with because he has an appointment with aa client...client... 2.2.00 p.m.00 p.m.
8-8-
The WThe World Baseball Series is broadcast live orld Baseball Series is broadcast live in the UK ... the middle oin the UK ... the middle of the nightf the night because of the limebecause of the lime difference. Who would want to watch sport ... such a late difference. Who would want to watch sport ... such a late hour?hour?
9-9-
WWe get a few e get a few sunny days around here ... autumn, but hardlsunny days around here ... autumn, but hardly any ... winter.y any ... winter.10-10-
The sun is too strong The sun is too strong ... noon, so we will sunbathe later ... noon, so we will sunbathe later ... the afternoon... the afternoon.111-
1-
The hiking club meets ... the The hiking club meets ... the second and last Sunday in second and last Sunday in the month ... summer the month ... summerand ... the
and ... the first Sunday ... winter.first Sunday ... winter.
12-12-
He is milking the He is milking the cows ... the moment, but he should be cows ... the moment, but he should be finished ...half anfinished ...half an hour.hour.
13-13-
They serve breakfast... 8 a.m. ... weekdays and ... 9 a.They serve breakfast... 8 a.m. ... weekdays and ... 9 a. m... them... the weekends.weekends.
14-14-
The film 'Autumn Milk' is about a girl who, ... the age of eight, takes theThe film 'Autumn Milk' is about a girl who, ... the age of eight, takes theresponsibility of cooking and sewing for her entire family — a responsibility she only gives responsibility of cooking and sewing for her entire family — a responsibility she only gives up ... her
up ... her wedding day.wedding day.
15-15-
More people come to More people come to the park ... Sunday mornings than ... the afternoonsthe park ... Sunday mornings than ... the afternoons during the week.during the week.
16-16-
YYou won't be the oldest ou won't be the oldest person on the Thai Chi course as person on the Thai Chi course as some of the participants must besome of the participants must be ... their seventies.... their seventies.
17-17-
The castle at Usk The castle at Usk was built... the 12th century and extended was built... the 12th century and extended ... the middle... the middle ages.ages.
18-18-
The reduced fares apply to The reduced fares apply to passengers flying out... a weekday and returningpassengers flying out... a weekday and returning ... either a Saturday or a... either a Saturday or a Sunday night.Sunday night.
19-19-
I'm afraid we are fully booked ... that date. It is better to call us well iI'm afraid we are fully booked ... that date. It is better to call us well i n advance for n advance for tables ... Friday evenings.tables ... Friday evenings.
20-20-
These bats feed ... night and These bats feed ... night and return to their cave return to their cave ... sunrise... sunrise.21-21-
Her knee is still troubling her ... present, but she is hoping to compete in theHer knee is still troubling her ... present, but she is hoping to compete in the final... two weeks' time.final... two weeks' time.
22-22-
WWe usually go skiing ... April because e usually go skiing ... April because there is still lots there is still lots of snow, but the weather isof snow, but the weather is warmer than ... winter months.warmer than ... winter months.
23-23-
WWe stayed up e stayed up all night ... all night ... Midsummer's DayMidsummer's Day..24-24-
The hotel was lovely and The hotel was lovely and the food was delicious, but tthe food was delicious, but there wasn't much to do...thehere wasn't much to do...the evening or ...days when it rained.evening or ...days when it rained.
1-2
1-2 OTHER OTHER PREPOSITIONS PREPOSITIONS USED USED WITH WITH TIME TIME EXPRESSIONSEXPRESSIONS for
for( süreç bildirir)( süreç bildirir) for two days, for two days, for a few hours, for a few hours, for centuries, etc. for centuries, etc.
I'll be out of the country
I'll be out of the country for a monthfor a month onon business.
business.
Let's go to the cinema. I haven't seen a good Let's go to the cinema. I haven't seen a good film
filmfor agesfor ages..
during
during(... sırasınd(... sırasında)a)
during the film, during the film, during the war, during the war,
during my stay there, etc. during my stay there, etc.
He fell asleep
He fell asleep during the lessonduring the lesson because itbecause it was so boring.
was so boring.
They heard a loud noise
They heard a loud noise during the nightduring the night..
from ... to/till/until from ... to/till/until
from Monday to Friday from Monday to Friday from 1980 to 1985 from 1980 to 1985 from February to March from February to March from 9 to/until/till 6 from 9 to/until/till 6
The shop is open every Sunday
The shop is open every Sunday fromfromhalf half past ten
past ten untiluntilone o'clock.one o'clock. The Second World War ran
The Second World War ranfromfrom19391939toto
194 1945.5. between ... and ... between ... and ... between 1975 and 1980 between 1975 and 1980 between 9 and 6 between 9 and 6
between Monday and Friday between Monday and Friday
There are no buses
There are no buses betweenbetweenmidnightmidnight andand55 o'clock in the morning..
o'clock in the morning..
Most people take their holidays sometime Most people take their holidays sometime
between
betweenMayMay andandSeptember.September.
toward(s)
toward(s)(.... e doğru)(.... e doğru)
towards the end of the month towards the end of the month towards 7 o'clock
towards 7 o'clock towards midnight towards midnight
Towards
Towards thethe endend of of thethe dayday, she started to, she started to feel very tired.
feel very tired.
The snowstorm started
The snowstorm started towardstowards 99 o'clock o'clock ..
throughout
throughout (... boyunc(... boyunca)a)
throughout the year throughout the year throughout the day throughout the day throughout the week throughout the week
If you had studied more
If you had studied more throughoutthroughout thethe term
term, you wouldn't be so worried about the, you wouldn't be so worried about the exams now.
exams now.
I drink several cups of coffee
I drink several cups of coffee throughoutthroughout the
the dayday..
after after after 1990 after 1990 after 2 o'clock after 2 o'clock after the weekend after the weekend
After
After todaytoday, our work should , our work should get easier.get easier. If you arrive
before before before 1996 before 1996 before 2 o'clock before 2 o'clock before Friday before Friday
Please bring the books back
Please bring the books back beforebefore thethe weekend
weekend.. If you arrive
If you arrive beforebefore tenten o'clock o'clock , you'll be, you'll be able to get a bus to my house.
able to get a bus to my house.
since since since Monday since Monday since 1980 since 1980 since 5 o'clock since 5 o'clock
I haven't had anything to eat
I haven't had anything to eatsince 8 o'clock since 8 o'clock this morning.
this morning.
He's worked there
He's worked there sincesince 1991.1991. till
till//untiluntil(not before "....)(not before "....) till/Until Friday till/Until Friday till/until 6 o'clock till/until 6 o'clock till/until 1992 till/until 1992
The manager will be out of the office
The manager will be out of the office untiluntil 22 o'clock.
o'clock.
We won't be able to pay you
We won't be able to pay youuntil the enduntil the end of the month.
of the month. by
by(... at the latest)(... at the latest) by Tuesday by Tuesday by 5 o'clock by 5 o'clock by 1996 by 1996
Please be at the station
Please be at the station byby 11:2011:20, the train, the train leaves at 11:2
leaves at 11:25.5.
The delivery should have arrived
The delivery should have arrived byby FridayFriday..
NOTES : NOTES : During
Duringileilewhilewhileaynı anlamı ifade aynı anlamı ifade edecek şekilde kullanılabilir. Ancak edecek şekilde kullanılabilir. Ancak during'during'den sonra bir den sonra bir
isim
isim,,while'while' den sonra bir den sonra bir clauseclause(subject +ver (subject +ver b)b)gelir.gelir.
Suddenly
Suddenly, I , I began to feel began to feel unwellunwellduring the lessonduring the lesson.. Suddenly
Suddenly, I , I began to feel began to feel unwellunwellwhile I was teachingwhile I was teaching.. I visited lots of places
I visited lots of placesduring my stay abroadduring my stay abroad.. I visited lots of places
I visited lots of placeswhile I was abroadwhile I was abroad..
Until
Untilvevebyby, Türkçe'ye " ... e , Türkçe'ye " ... e kadar" biçiminde çevrildiği halde farklı kadar" biçiminde çevrildiği halde farklı anlamlar ifade ederler.anlamlar ifade ederler.
Until
Until, eylemin sözü edilen zamana kadar devam ettiğini ve o noktada bittiğini ifade eder., eylemin sözü edilen zamana kadar devam ettiğini ve o noktada bittiğini ifade eder. Last night, I studied
Last night, I studieduntil midnightuntil midnight..
(= Last night I stopped studying at midnight.) (= Last night I stopped studying at midnight.)
By
By ise eylemin en geç sözü edilen zamanda gerçekleşecegini ya da sözü edilen zamana kadar ise eylemin en geç sözü edilen zamanda gerçekleşecegini ya da sözü edilen zamana kadar gerçekleşmiş olduğunu ifade eder. Y
gerçekleşmiş olduğunu ifade eder. Yani eylem, belirtilen ani eylem, belirtilen zamandan daha önce zamandan daha önce bitmiş olabilir.bitmiş olabilir.
l had finished all my work
l had finished all my work by midnightby midnight..
(= When midnight came, 1 had no work to do.) (= When midnight came, 1 had no work to do.)
EXERCISE 2 :
EXERCISE 2 : Complete the sentences withComplete the sentences withduringduringor or whilewhile..
1-1-
WWe saw a e saw a blue kingfisher ... our excursion.blue kingfisher ... our excursion.2-2-
WWe saw a e saw a blue kingfisher ... we blue kingfisher ... we were walking along the were walking along the riverriver..3-3-
He didn't say one nice thing to me ... the whole evening we were in a restaurantHe didn't say one nice thing to me ... the whole evening we were in a restaurant together.together.
4-4-
Our hotel was badly damaged ... the flood, Our hotel was badly damaged ... the flood, which caused a great deal which caused a great deal of damage toof damage to property in town.property in town.
5-5-
I marked a couple of I marked a couple of papers ... the students read the passage.papers ... the students read the passage.6-6-
They showed our village ... the-news broadcast about rural coThey showed our village ... the-news broadcast about rural co mmunities.mmunities.7-7-
The terrible earthquake happened ... they were awaThe terrible earthquake happened ... they were away on holidayy on holiday..8-8-
Somebody stole his briefcase ... he was at Somebody stole his briefcase ... he was at the box office buying a ticket.the box office buying a ticket.EXERCISE 3 :
EXERCISE 3 : Complete the sentences withComplete the sentences withuntiluntilor or byby..
1-1-
I'm not going to buy any Christmas presents ... the end of November because I I'm not going to buy any Christmas presents ... the end of November because I don'tdon't like to start thinkinglike to start thinking about Christmas too early.about Christmas too early.
2-2-
They didn't arrive ... 8.15, so theThey didn't arrive ... 8.15, so they missed the starters, which had been y missed the starters, which had been served atserved at 8.00.8.00.
3-3-
WWe must be e must be there ...there ... 7.7.45 as the dinner will be served at 8.00 o'clock sharp.45 as the dinner will be served at 8.00 o'clock sharp.4-4-
If a room has not been taken ... 5 o'clock, we reduce the price to £20.00.If a room has not been taken ... 5 o'clock, we reduce the price to £20.00.5-5-
WWe had four vacant rooe had four vacant rooms ... 5 p.m., when a group of Australian tourists booked in.ms ... 5 p.m., when a group of Australian tourists booked in.6-6-
If the pain hasn't eased ... the morning, phone me again and I will prescribe someIf the pain hasn't eased ... the morning, phone me again and I will prescribe some additional medicine.additional medicine.
7-7-
I'm afraid the pain is certain to stay with you ... the morning.I'm afraid the pain is certain to stay with you ... the morning.8-8-
This is quick-drying nail polish, so This is quick-drying nail polish, so it should be dry ... eight, when it should be dry ... eight, when Peter is comingPeter is coming to collect me.to collect me.
9-9-
YYou can buy now and you ou can buy now and you don't have to padon't have to pay a penny ... next January, when your Hirey a penny ... next January, when your Hire Purchase payments will start.Purchase payments will start.
10-10-
If we haven't received any money ... the 1st of next month, we will take further If we haven't received any money ... the 1st of next month, we will take further action.EXERCISE
EXERCISE 4 4 :: Complete the sentences with the prepositions explained in partsComplete the sentences with the prepositions explained in parts1-11-1andand1-2.1-2. InIn some sentences, more than one answer is
some sentences, more than one answer is possible.possible.
1-1-
After you have been working ... four hours, you are After you have been working ... four hours, you are entitled to a half entitled to a half hour break.hour break.2-2-
WWe should have a clearer e should have a clearer idea about what caused the idea about what caused the accident sometime ... the endaccident sometime ... the end of the afternoon. I would guessof the afternoon. I would guess sometime ... 4 p.m. and 6 p.m.sometime ... 4 p.m. and 6 p.m.
3-3-
Our Christmas party is ... a Friday evening Our Christmas party is ... a Friday evening this year.this year.4-4-
The theatre will be The theatre will be closed ... two weeks, ... the first ... theclosed ... two weeks, ... the first ... the fifteenth, for refurbishment.fifteenth, for refurbishment.
5-5-
I didn't sell anI didn't sell anything ... 3 p.m., so I thought it ything ... 3 p.m., so I thought it was going to be a was going to be a quiet dayquiet day, but I , but I soldsold quite a few thingsquite a few things ... that... that.
6-6-
YYou won't feel any pain ou won't feel any pain ... the operation and you will be ... the operation and you will be out of bed ... aout of bed ... a couple of days' time.couple of days' time.
7-7-
Our flight leaves at 8.30 a.m., so they want us to be in the airport...Our flight leaves at 8.30 a.m., so they want us to be in the airport... 6.6.30 a.m.,30 a.m., which is the latest time for checking-in.which is the latest time for checking-in.
8-8-
I’ve been directing traffic ... 10 a.m. tI’ve been directing traffic ... 10 a.m. this morning, so I need a his morning, so I need a break.break.9-9-
YYou can take the ou can take the dishwasher home today and you don't have dishwasher home today and you don't have to pay anything ...to pay anything ... after six months; furthermore, our installafter six months; furthermore, our installments are free from interest charges ... thements are free from interest charges ... the first six months.
first six months.
10-10-
I'm coming to town ... Monday, so we could meet for a I'm coming to town ... Monday, so we could meet for a coffee after mycoffee after my appointment at the hairdresser's.appointment at the hairdresser's.
111-
1-
... 1923, when the Republic ... 1923, when the Republic was founded, ... this dawas founded, ... this dayy, Turkey has had, Turkey has had 57 governments.57 governments.
12-12-
They don't normally serve breakfast... 10 a.m., They don't normally serve breakfast... 10 a.m., so we should meet earlier if so we should meet earlier if we arewe are to have breakfast there.to have breakfast there.
13-13-
I feel safe walking around I feel safe walking around Manchester any time ... the daManchester any time ... the dayy, but I don't , but I don't like walkinglike walking around there ... night.around there ... night.
14-14-
He was very nervous the week He was very nervous the week ... his wedding, but... the actual day, he... his wedding, but... the actual day, he was so happy that he didn't feel nervous at all.was so happy that he didn't feel nervous at all.
15-15-
I find it strange that you have-been cycling and playing basketball... the vacationI find it strange that you have-been cycling and playing basketball... the vacation and just... school starts tomorrow2-
2- PREPOSITIONS PREPOSITIONS OF OF PLACE PLACE and and MOVEMENTMOVEMENT in
in
(... de, ... da, içinde (... de, ... da, içinde anlamını
anlamını verirverir.).)
in a city, in the east of Turkey, in a city, in the east of Turkey, in a room, in a park, in the water, in a room, in a park, in the water, in the sea, in a line, in a
in the sea, in a line, in a queue,queue, in a row. in a book, in a
in a row. in a book, in a newspaper,newspaper, in the sky, in an armchair, in bed, in the sky, in an armchair, in bed, in the world, in the sun, in the rain, etc. in the world, in the sun, in the rain, etc.
at at
(bir nokta ifade eder) (bir nokta ifade eder)
at home, at school, at work (without "the") at home, at school, at work (without "the") at the cinema, at the theatre, at
at the cinema, at the theatre, at the partythe party,, at the meeting, at the station, at the airport, at the meeting, at the station, at the airport, at the front, at the back, at sea (vo
at the front, at the back, at sea (voyagyage)e)
at the beginning of the street, at the beginning of the street, at the end of the street, etc. at the end of the street, etc.
on on
(üzerinde, yüzeyinde (üzerinde, yüzeyinde anlamını
anlamını verirverir.).)
on the floor, on the wall, on
on the floor, on the wall, on the ceiling,the ceiling, on the chair, on the bed, on the table, on the chair, on the bed, on the table, on the shelf, on the
on the shelf, on the cover, on page (7),cover, on page (7), on the front page of
on the front page of the newspaper,the newspaper, on the back page of
on the back page of the newspaper,the newspaper, on an island, on a
on an island, on a river, on the ground,river, on the ground, on earth, on her face, on my nose, on earth, on her face, on my nose, on the West coast of Turkey, etc. on the West coast of Turkey, etc.
to to (yönelme bildirir.) (yönelme bildirir.) from from
(bir yerden ayrılma ifade (bir yerden ayrılma ifade eder.eder.))
to work, to school (without "the") to work, to school (without "the") to the station, to London, to the airport. to the station, to London, to the airport. from work, from school (without "the") from work, from school (without "the")
from the station, from London, from the airport from the station, from London, from the airport
into into
(bir şeyin "içine doğru" (bir şeyin "içine doğru" hareket bildirir.)
hareket bildirir.)
out of out of
(bir yerden "dışarı çıkma" anla
(bir yerden "dışarı çıkma" anlamını verir.)mını verir.)
walk into the cinema, get into the car, pour walk into the cinema, get into the car, pour (water) into the glass, etc.
(water) into the glass, etc.
come out of the cinema, get out of the car, come out of the cinema, get out of the car, drink (te
drink (tea)a) out of a cup, etc.out of a cup, etc.
round/around round/around
(çevresinde, köşede anlamını
(çevresinde, köşede anlamını verirverir.).)
live round the
live round the comer.comer.
have a hedge round the garden have a hedge round the garden
beyond beyond
(ötede, ilerisinde anlamlarını
(ötede, ilerisinde anlamlarını verir.)verir.)
beyond the river beyond the beach beyond the river beyond the beach
by by
(yanında anlamını
(yanında anlamını verirverir.).)
by the sea, by the lake by the sea, by the lake
past past
(geçince anlamını
(geçince anlamını verirverir.).)
past the post office, past the police station past the post office, past the police station
through through
(bir şeyin içinden geçerek anlamını
(bir şeyin içinden geçerek anlamını verir.)verir.)
through the tunnel, through customs, through the tunnel, through customs, through the woods, through the town. through the woods, through the town.
throughout throughout
(bütün bir alanı kaplama anla
(bütün bir alanı kaplama anlamını verir.)mını verir.)
throughout the country (= all over the country) throughout the country (= all over the country)
throughout the world (= all over
throughout the world (= all over the worlthe world)d) across
across
(bir uçtan diğer uca, bir taraftan diğer tarafa (bir uçtan diğer uca, bir taraftan diğer tarafa anlamını
anlamını verirverir.).)
across the river, across the street, across the river, across the street, across the field, across the path across the field, across the path
along along
(.... boyunca anlamını
(.... boyunca anlamını verirverir.).)
along the river, along the road, along the river, along the road, along the corridor, etc.
along the corridor, etc.
among among
(ikiden fazla öğeden oluşan bir grubun (ikiden fazla öğeden oluşan bir grubun içind
içinde)e) between between
(iki ya da daha fazla öğeden oluşan düzenli (iki ya da daha fazla öğeden oluşan düzenli bir grubun arasında anla
bir grubun arasında anlamını verir.)mını verir.)
among the crowd, among the trees, among the crowd, among the trees, among the people, etc.
among the people, etc.
between you and me between you and me
between the teacher and the students between the teacher and the students
a treaty between the European countries, etc. a treaty between the European countries, etc.
up up
(yukan doğru anlamım verir.) (yukan doğru anlamım verir.)
down down
(aşağı doğru anlamını verir.) (aşağı doğru anlamını verir.)
up the hill, up the road, up the wall. etc. up the hill, up the road, up the wall. etc.
down the hill, down the road,
down the hill, down the road, down the river.down the river. etc.
etc.
above
above (= higher)(= higher)
(düzey olarak üzerinde, daha yüksekte (düzey olarak üzerinde, daha yüksekte anlamını verir. Nesneler birbirine değmez.) anlamını verir. Nesneler birbirine değmez.)
below
below(= lower)(= lower)
(düzey olarak altında, daha aşağıda (düzey olarak altında, daha aşağıda anlamını
anlamını verirverir.).)
above sea level, above the clouds, above sea level, above the clouds, the people above us, above (th
the people above us, above (the)e)average,average, above zero
above zero
below the surface of the sea, below the surface of the sea,
the people below us, below the
the people below us, below the clouds,clouds, below (th
below (the)e)average, below zeroaverage, below zero
over over
(bir nesnenin diğer bir nesnenin ta
(bir nesnenin diğer bir nesnenin tam üzerindem üzerinde olduğunu ifade eder. Bazen iki nesne
olduğunu ifade eder. Bazen iki nesne birbirine
birbirine değebilir.değebilir.))
under under
(bir nesnenin diğer bir nesnenin tam altında (bir nesnenin diğer bir nesnenin tam altında
jump over, the wall,a plane flying over t jump over, the wall,a plane flying over thehe
town town
a bridge over the river, over 50 years
a bridge over the river, over 50 years of age,of age, a plaster over his eye (covering it)
a plaster over his eye (covering it)
under the table, under the bridge, under the table, under the bridge, under the bed, under 50 years of age, under the bed, under 50 years of age,
olduğunu ifade eder. Bazen iki nesne olduğunu ifade eder. Bazen iki nesne birbirine
birbirine değebilir.değebilir.))
under water etc. under water etc.
against against
(birşeye dayamak, dayanmak anlamını
(birşeye dayamak, dayanmak anlamını verirverir.).)
put something against the wall, put something against the wall,
lean against the chair lean against the chair
opposite
opposite(facin(facing)g)(k(kararşışısısındnda a anlanlamıamını nı veveririrr.).) ththe e cicinemnema a opoppoposisite te ouour r hohoususe,e, sit opposite me
sit opposite me
in
in frontfront of of
(bir nesnenin diğer bir nesnenin önünde (bir nesnenin diğer bir nesnenin önünde olduğunu belirtir.)
olduğunu belirtir.)
behind behind
(bir nesnenin diğer bir nesnenin arkasında (bir nesnenin diğer bir nesnenin arkasında olduğunu ifade
olduğunu ifade edereder.).)
the people in front of us, the people in front of us, in front of the cinema in front of the cinema in front of the tree, etc. in front of the tree, etc.
the people behind us, behind the tree, the people behind us, behind the tree, a garden behind the house
a garden behind the house
beside
beside (= next to)(= next to)
(yanında, yanına anlamlarını
(yanında, yanına anlamlarını verirverir.).)
sit beside me, sit beside me,
the restaurant beside our house the restaurant beside our house
inside inside
(içinde, içeride anlamlarını
(içinde, içeride anlamlarını verir.verir.))
outside outside
(dışarıda, dışında anlamlarını
(dışarıda, dışında anlamlarını verir.verir.))
inside the house, inside the cave, inside the house, inside the cave, inside the shop, etc.
inside the shop, etc.
outside the house, outside the cave, outside the house, outside the cave, outside the shop, etc.
outside the shop, etc.
NOTES : NOTES :
Birinin hala yatakta olduğunu ifade etmek için
Birinin hala yatakta olduğunu ifade etmek içinin bedin bedkullanılır. kullanılır. Ancak yatağın üzerindeki bir Ancak yatağın üzerindeki bir nesneyinesneyi
on (the) bed
on (the) bed biçiminde ifade edebiliriz.biçiminde ifade edebiliriz.
It's already past 10 o'clock but he is still
It's already past 10 o'clock but he is still in bedin bed.. Don't put your jeans
Don't put your jeans on my bedon my bed.. "Denizde olmak, yüzmek..." anlamlarında
"Denizde olmak, yüzmek..." anlamlarındain the seain the sea, "denizde yolculukta olmak", anlamında ise, "denizde yolculukta olmak", anlamında iseatat sea
seakullanılır.kullanılır.
I like swimming
I like swimmingin the seain the sea rather than in a pool.rather than in a pool. The sailors were bored, because the
The sailors were bored, because they had beeny had been at seaat seafor months.for months. "Nehirde yüzmek" anlamında
"Nehirde yüzmek" anlamındain the riverin the river kullanılır. kullanılır. Ancak nehirdeki sandal, Ancak nehirdeki sandal, gemi, vb. taşıtlarıngemi, vb. taşıtların durumunu ve bir nehir üzerine kurulmuş yerleşim merkezinin
durumunu ve bir nehir üzerine kurulmuş yerleşim merkezinin konumunukonumunu on the riveron the river biçiminde ifadebiçiminde ifade edebiliriz.
edebiliriz.
It is not safe to swim
It is not safe to swim in this riverin this river because of the currents.because of the currents. Paris is
Paris ison the riveron the riverSeine.Seine. There were a few boats
"A
"Ayryrı ı ayrı ayrı iki iki nesnesnennenin in birbirbirbirlerleriniininn önünde/arkasındaönünde/arkasında olduğunuolduğunu in in fronfront t of/beof/behindhind ile ile ifaifadede ede
ederizriz. . AncAncak ak aynaynı ı zemizemin n üzeüzerinrindede önde/arkadaönde/arkada derkenderken at at ththe e frfronont/t/at at ththe e baback ck kullanılır.kullanılır. Örneğin
Örneğin sını sınıfın fın önündönündee (ön (ön tartarafıafındnda)a) demedemek k içiiçinn at that the e frfronont t of of ththe e clclasassrsroooomm,, sınıfın sınıfın arkasında
arkasında (arka tarafınd(arka tarafında)a) demek için isedemek için ise at the back of the classroomat the back of the classroom ifadelerini kullanmamızifadelerini kullanmamız gerekir.
gerekir.
We were sitting
We were sittingat the front of the cinemaat the front of the cinema.. Some students prefer to sit
Some students prefer to sit at the back of the classroomat the back of the classroom..
Ancak, gazetenin
Ancak, gazetenin ön sayfasında/ arka sayfasındaön sayfasında/ arka sayfasında derkenderkenon the front/on the back page of theon the front/on the back page of the newspaper
newspaper;; ön sırada/arka sıradaön sırada/arka sırada derkenderken in the front row/in the back rowin the front row/in the back row kullanılır.kullanılır. Go, get, fly, drive
Go, get, fly, drive gibi fiiller yönelme bildiren preposition "gibi fiiller yönelme bildiren preposition "toto" ile " ile kullanılır.kullanılır. He is going/flying/driving
He is going/flying/drivingtotoAnkara tomorrow.Ankara tomorrow. When I got
When I got totowork, I found everybody in a deep work, I found everybody in a deep silence.silence.
Arrive
Arrivefiili,fiili, village, town, city, countryvillage, town, city, country gibi bir yerleşim merkezinegibi bir yerleşim merkezine varmak varmak anlamındaysaanlamındaysainin ;; station, station, school, work, meeting, etc
school, work, meeting, etc. gibi bir noktaya var. gibi bir noktaya varmak anlamındaysamak anlamındaysaatatile ile kullanılırkullanılır.. We arrived
We arrivedininAnkara at dawn.Ankara at dawn. I arrived
I arrivedatatmy destination rather earlymy destination rather early..
Bu fiiller,
Bu fiiller,home, abroad, herehome, abroad, here vevetherethereile kullanıldığında preposition almaz.ile kullanıldığında preposition almaz. When will you come here again?
When will you come here again?
I've heard that you're going abroad next week. I've heard that you're going abroad next week.
When I got/arrived/went/came home, I was really tired. When I got/arrived/went/came home, I was really tired. Don't forget to call me as soon as you get there.
Don't forget to call me as soon as you get there.
"Varmak, ulaşmak" anlamında
"Varmak, ulaşmak" anlamındareachreachfiili preposition alfiili preposition almadan kullanılır.madan kullanılır. When I
When Ireachedreachedthe hotel, I went straight to bed.the hotel, I went straight to bed.
EXERCISE
EXERCISE 5 5 :: Complete the sentences with theComplete the sentences with theprepositions of placeprepositions of place..
1-1-
The hotel we stayed ... when we were The hotel we stayed ... when we were ... Cairo was so pleasant that I ... Cairo was so pleasant that I wouldwould have been quite content tohave been quite content to stay there and sunbathe ... the stay there and sunbathe ... the pool for the entire pool for the entire holidayholiday..
2-2-
The boy scouts sat... the fire in a circle and sang songs.The boy scouts sat... the fire in a circle and sang songs.3-3-
Although he had far less money Although he had far less money then, he was happier ... university than then, he was happier ... university than he ishe is ... work4-4-
WWe went... 170 e went... 170 floors ... the floors ... the lift of lift of the Worthe World Trade Centre ld Trade Centre ...New Y...New York,ork, which is the tallest buildingwhich is the tallest building ... the world... the world.
5-5-
I used to enjoy mI used to enjoy my job as a gardener, but I got y job as a gardener, but I got fed up with working ... in all fed up with working ... in all kinds of kinds of WWeather and decided to get eather and decided to get a job in which a job in which 1 could work ... .1 could work ... .
6-6-
Death VDeath Valley contains land which is alley contains land which is 283 feet... sea level, making it 283 feet... sea level, making it the lowest drythe lowest dry land in the Unitedland in the United States of America.States of America.
7-7-
Sarah hid ... a tree so Sarah hid ... a tree so that her friends couldn't see that her friends couldn't see her.her.8-8-
WWould you like to ould you like to go ... me in the go ... me in the queue, as you only have two queue, as you only have two items?items?9-9-
When I arrived ... the hotel, When I arrived ... the hotel, I went straight... my room, put mI went straight... my room, put my suitcasey suitcase ... the bed and unpacked.... the bed and unpacked.
10-10-
I had to get some steps to stand ... in order that I could reach the books... theI had to get some steps to stand ... in order that I could reach the books... the top shelf.top shelf.
111-
1-
Buldan fabric is well-known for its quality and durability not only in the surrounding area,Buldan fabric is well-known for its quality and durability not only in the surrounding area, but... Turkey.but... Turkey.
12-12-
During the floods, there was only one During the floods, there was only one bridge ... the River Severn that bridge ... the River Severn that was open aswas open as all the others were ... theall the others were ... the water.water.
13-13-
The two newsagents are directly ... each The two newsagents are directly ... each other, and as it is difficult to other, and as it is difficult to cross ...cross ... one side of the road ... the other at that point, their custom has a lot toone side of the road ... the other at that point, their custom has a lot to do with whichdo with which side of the road a customer is on.
side of the road a customer is on.
14-14-
The Alpine train set fire while it was The Alpine train set fire while it was passing ... a tunnel. The fire spread quicklpassing ... a tunnel. The fire spread quicklyy ... the train, destroying most of the carriages and killing most of the tourists who ... the train, destroying most of the carriages and killing most of the tourists who were travelling ... it.were travelling ... it.
15-15-
The problem I have with dieting is that, everThe problem I have with dieting is that, every day on my way ... and y day on my way ... and ...work,...work, I walk ... a shop which sellsI walk ... a shop which sells Belgium chocolates.Belgium chocolates.
16-16-
The woman who sat... me on the coach was so large that she took one and a half The woman who sat... me on the coach was so large that she took one and a half seats up, leaving very little room for me.seats up, leaving very little room for me.
17-17-
WWe had dinner ... a wonderful restaurant... the ocean e had dinner ... a wonderful restaurant... the ocean and then we drove toand then we drove to Malaga ... the coast road, which twists and turns with the magnificent blue ocean on Malaga ... the coast road, which twists and turns with the magnificent blue ocean on its left.its left.
18-18-
Be careful! Don't lean anything ... that dividing wall. It's a temporary partition andBe careful! Don't lean anything ... that dividing wall. It's a temporary partition and not very strong.not very strong.
19-19-
VVictoria Falls, one ictoria Falls, one of the world's of the world's mightiest waterfalls, is mightiest waterfalls, is ... east-central Africa,... east-central Africa, ... the Zambezi River, ... the border ... Zambia and Zimbabwe. ... the Zambezi River, ... the border ... Zambia and Zimbabwe.20-20-
The cabin of the cable car was quite small, but about thirtThe cabin of the cable car was quite small, but about thirty holidaymakers clamberedy holidaymakers clambered ... it with our skis. Then, squashed together, we travelled ... the mountain ... it with our skis. Then, squashed together, we travelled ... the mountain side. Gosh! I was so glad toside. Gosh! I was so glad to climb ... the cabin and climb ... the cabin and ... the fresh mountain air... the fresh mountain air.
21-21-
Only relatively close stars can Only relatively close stars can be seen with the unaided be seen with the unaided eye. To see the stars that lieeye. To see the stars that lie ... them, we must use devices such... them, we must use devices such as telescopes.as telescopes.
22-22-
Last week, I was so ill that I had to stay ... bed for three whole days.Last week, I was so ill that I had to stay ... bed for three whole days.23-23-
I had had previous dealings with verI had had previous dealings with very few people ... the delegates... they few people ... the delegates... the conference?24-24-
One of the smallest countries in the world, Maldives is a chain of nearly 1,200 small coralOne of the smallest countries in the world, Maldives is a chain of nearly 1,200 small coral islands ... the Indian Ocean. Situated southwest of India,islands ... the Indian Ocean. Situated southwest of India, the islands extend morethe islands extend more than 764 kilometres ... north ... south and
than 764 kilometres ... north ... south and 130 kilometres ..., an east-130 kilometres ..., an east-west direction. All of the islands are low-lying —
west direction. All of the islands are low-lying — none rises to more thannone rises to more than 1.1.8 metres8 metres ... sea level.
... sea level.
25-25-
Million's of Hindus worship the River Ganges and Million's of Hindus worship the River Ganges and believe that bathing ... its believe that bathing ... its water water washes away their sins.washes away their sins.
3-
3-
PREPOSITIO
PREPOSITION
N COMBINATIONS
COMBINATIONS
3-13-1 NOUN NOUN + + PREPOSITIONPREPOSITION a cause of
a cause of somethingsomething The
The causecause of of the air crash is believed to be engine failure.the air crash is believed to be engine failure.
aa reasonreason forforsomethingsomething T
Tonight's football match onight's football match isn't aisn't agoodgood reasonreason for not doing your homework.for not doing your homework.
aa chequecheque forfor(a sum of money )(a sum of money )
After they'd repaired his car, he gave t
After they'd repaired his car, he gave the garage ahe garage a cheque forchequefor£ 50.£ 50.
a demand/a need for
a demand/a need for somethingsomething
The traffic problems clearly show the
The traffic problems clearly show the need forneedforbetter roads.better roads.
an advantage/a disadvantage of
an advantage/a disadvantage of somethingsomething
there is an advantage/a disadvantage in
there is an advantage/a disadvantage in doingdoing somethingsomething Clean air is just one of the
Clean air is just one of the advantagesadvantages of of living in the living in the countrycountry..
There is an advantage in
There is an advantage in living in the countrliving in the country; clean air.y; clean air.
a rise/an increase/a fall/a decrease/a reduction in
a rise/an increase/a fall/a decrease/a reduction in somethingsomething There has been a sharp
There has been a sharp riserise inininflation recently, but also a slightinflation recently, but also a slightdecreasedecrease inin
unemployment. unemployment.
a picture/a photograph of
a picture/a photograph of someosomeone/somne/somethinethingg --W
It seems that no one is able to find a
It seems that no one is able to find a solutionsolution totothe problems in Bosnia.the problems in Bosnia. I haven't had a
I haven't had areplyreply totoany of my letters of application yet.any of my letters of application yet.
a reaction to
a reaction tosomethingsomething His
Hisreactionreaction totomy proposal took me completelmy proposal took me completely by surprise.y by surprise.
damage to
damage tosomethingsomething
The strong winds did a lot of
The strong winds did a lot of damagedamage toto the crops.the crops.
an
an invitationinvitation toto a party/a wedding etc.a party/a wedding etc. Have you sent David an
Have you sent David aninvitationinvitation totothe parry yet ?the parry yet ?
an
an attitudeattitude toto//towardstowardssomeone/somethingsomeone/something The Japanese's
The Japanese's attitudeattitude towardstowardsteachers is different from many other nationalititeachers is different from many other nationalities'.es'.
aa relationship/a connection/contact withrelationship/a connection/contact withsomeone/somethingsomeone/something You should try to have a good
You should try to have a good relationshiprelationship withwithyour friends.your friends.
Their names are the same but this company has no connection with the one in Their names are the same but this company has no connection with the one in Ankara.
Ankara.
a relationship/a connection/contact/a difference between
a relationship/a connection/contact/a difference between two thingstwo things Their names are the same but there is no
Their names are the same but there is no connectionconnection betweenbetweenthis company and the onethis company and the one in Ankara.
in Ankara.
a novel/a painting/a play by
a novel/a painting/a play by someonesomeone "Sunflowers" is one of the most
"Sunflowers" is one of the most famousfamous paintingspaintings bybyVan Gogh.Van Gogh.
a fight/struggle for/against
a fight/struggle for/againstsomething/someonesomething/someone
Eğer birşeyi kazanmak, elde etmek için savaşım veriliyorsa "
Eğer birşeyi kazanmak, elde etmek için savaşım veriliyorsa "forfor", birşeye karşı savaşım", birşeye karşı savaşım veriliyorsa "
veriliyorsa "againstagainst" kullanılır." kullanılır.
In the 1920s British women had a hard
In the 1920s British women had a hard fightfight forforthe right to vote.the right to vote. Nelson Mandela's
Nelson Mandela's strugglestruggle againstagainstapartheid in South Africa finally resulted inapartheid in South Africa finally resulted in his being elected president.
his being elected president.
a noun + to infinitive a noun + to infinitive
Pek çok isimden sonra
Pek çok isimden sonra "to + infinitive""to + infinitive" kullanılır.kullanılır.
People, when arrested by the police, have the
People, when arrested by the police, have the rightright toto remainremain silentsilent.. When she was very young, her
When she was very young, her abilityability toto playplay the piano was soon noticed.the piano was soon noticed.
EXERCISE
EXERCISE 6 6 : : Complete Complete the the sentences sentences with with the the correct correct preposition.preposition.
1-1-
It was quite difficult to plan the party because I didn't get a replIt was quite difficult to plan the party because I didn't get a repl y ... my invitationy ... my invitation from most of the guests until a few days before the event.from most of the guests until a few days before the event.
2-2-
The bank charges 27 pence for processing a cheque, so we don't like to accept chequesThe bank charges 27 pence for processing a cheque, so we don't like to accept cheques ... small amounts.... small amounts.
3-3-
A photogrA photograph ... my husband and son appeared aph ... my husband and son appeared in the paper last in the paper last week.week.4-4-
His attitude ... English teaching is His attitude ... English teaching is very modern and forward thinking.very modern and forward thinking.5-5-
It will be some time before they establish the cause ... the train crash.It will be some time before they establish the cause ... the train crash.6-6-
The reason ... the amount of flooding The reason ... the amount of flooding experienced in Britain this year experienced in Britain this year is unclear, butis unclear, but some scientists argue that it is all part of a process known as global warming.some scientists argue that it is all part of a process known as global warming.
7-7-
There is a need ... better flood defences to be built in towns and cities across Britain.There is a need ... better flood defences to be built in towns and cities across Britain.8-8-
The popularity of e-mail has led to a reduction ... the number of hand-written lettersThe popularity of e-mail has led to a reduction ... the number of hand-written letters sent.sent.
9-9-
The flood resulted in extensive daThe flood resulted in extensive damage ... the houses down by the river.mage ... the houses down by the river.10-10-
The politician spoke for about five minutes, but he didn't provide an answer ... theThe politician spoke for about five minutes, but he didn't provide an answer ... the interviewer's question.interviewer's question.
111-
1-
The difference ... PC World and Tiny Computers is that the The difference ... PC World and Tiny Computers is that the former deals with former deals with largelarge companies and the lattercompanies and the latter with small businesses.with small businesses.
12-12-
One disadvantage ... working the night shift is One disadvantage ... working the night shift is that I never see that I never see my friends during themy friends during the week.week.
13-13-
During the Industrial Revolution, the workers' struggle ... humane working conditionsDuring the Industrial Revolution, the workers' struggle ... humane working conditions and an end to child labour took quite some time to attain any success.and an end to child labour took quite some time to attain any success.
14-14-
The prize in the raffle is a painting ..The prize in the raffle is a painting ... the famous wildlife artist, D... the famous wildlife artist, David avid Shepherd.Shepherd.3-2
3-2 PREPOSITION
PREPOSITION +
+ NOUN
NOUN
a)a) PHRASES PHRASES WITH WITH "IN""IN"
EXERCISE
EXERCISE 7: 7: Complete Complete each each sentence sentence with with one one of of the the phrases phrases from from the the list list above. above. Use Use eacheach phrase only once.
phrase only once.
1-1-
I thank you all for giving me the opportunity of expressing my feelings here, and,I thank you all for giving me the opportunity of expressing my feelings here, and, ... I'd like to say how much I... I'd like to say how much I have enjoyed working with you and have enjoyed working with you and wish you allwish you all success in the future.
success in the future.
2-2-
There are so many exclusions regarding earthquakes tThere are so many exclusions regarding earthquakes to his house insurance that,o his house insurance that, ..., he is not covered at all in the event of another earthquake...., he is not covered at all in the event of another earthquake.
3-3-
TTodayoday, thousands of , thousands of animals, such as animals, such as elephants and whales, are elephants and whales, are ... of extinction... of extinction.4-4-
I don't mind you borrowing my encyclopedias as long as you put them back in the bookcaseI don't mind you borrowing my encyclopedias as long as you put them back in the bookcase ... after you've finished with them.... after you've finished with them.
5-5-
I didn't speak to I didn't speak to the director ... but I left the director ... but I left a message with his secretary.a message with his secretary.6-6-
Affected by acute shock of the Affected by acute shock of the tragedytragedy, the friends sat , the friends sat for a while ...Jennyfor a while ...Jenny arrived with a pot of tea and gave everyone a cup still without saarrived with a pot of tea and gave everyone a cup still without saying a word.ying a word.
7-7-
One by one, the friends broke One by one, the friends broke down ... sobbing deeply over their loss.down ... sobbing deeply over their loss.8-8-
Of course, ... they will recover from their Of course, ... they will recover from their grief and continue their lgrief and continue their lives.ives.9-9-
Be quiet! They are going to Be quiet! They are going to announce the lottery numbers ... . So we could announce the lottery numbers ... . So we could bebe millionaires in less than a minute.millionaires in less than a minute.
10-10-
Many of the government's new poMany of the government's new policies have been unpopularlicies have been unpopular. ... . ... , their policy, their policy towards retired persons and pensions.towards retired persons and pensions.
111-
1-
The bank wrote to him and explained that they had credited a cheque to his accountThe bank wrote to him and explained that they had credited a cheque to his account... and that they would rectify this fault by deducting this amount from his next ... and that they would rectify this fault by deducting this amount from his next statement.
statement.
12-12-
The service at the hospital was so bad that our son was left in the waiting room sittingThe service at the hospital was so bad that our son was left in the waiting room sitting ... for over an... for over an hourhour..
a)
a) in cashin cash g)g)in in pain pain m) m) in in personperson
b)
b)in fashionin fashion h)h)in in a a moment moment n) n) in in realityreality
c)
c)in silencein silence i)i)in in order order o) o) in in timetime
d)
d)in ink in ink j) j)in in tears tears p) p) in in conclusionconclusion
e)
e)in particular in particular k)k)in in captivity captivity q) q) in in piecespieces
f)
