WCDMA Principle 20100208 A

(1)

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Internal

WCDMA Principle

(2)

(3)

3G Overview

l

CDMA Principle

l

WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure

l

WCDMA Wireless Fundamental

l

Physical Layer Overview

l

Physical Channels

(4)

Different Service, Different Technology

AMPS

TACS

NMT

Others

1G 1980s

Analog

GSM

CDMA

-IS 95

TDMA

-IS 136

PDC

2G 1990s

Digital

Technologies Technologies drive drive

3G

-IMT 2000

UMTS

WCDMA

cdma

2000

Demands Demands drive drive

-TD SCDMA

(5)

Different Service, Different Technology

AMPS

TACS

NMT

Others

1G 1980s

Analog

GSM

CDMA

-IS 95

TDMA

-IS 136

PDC

2G 1990s

Digital

Technologies Technologies drive drive

3G

-IMT 2000

UMTS

WCDMA

cdma

2000

Demands Demands drive drive

-TD SCDMA

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

3G Application Service

Error

Ratio

backgrou

nd

conversat

ional

streaming

interact

ive

(10)

The Core technology of 3G: CDMA

CDMA

WCDMA

:

CN based on MAP and GPRS: CN based on MAP and GPRS

: RTT: WCDMA RTT WCDMA

TD SCDMA

-

-: CN based on MAP:

CN based on MAP and GPRSand GPRS : -RTT TD SCDMA: -RTT TD SCDMA

cdma2000

: CN based on:

CN based on ANSI 41 and MIPANSI 41 and MIP :

RTT cdma2000: RTT cdma2000

(11)

3G Overview

l

CDMA Principle

l

WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure

l

WCDMA Wireless Fundamental

l

Physical Layer Overview

l

Physical Channels

(12)

Multiple Access and Duplex Technology

(13)

Multiple Access Technology

Frequ ency Frequ ency Tim Tim e e Pow Pow er er

FDMA

Frequ ency Frequ ency Tim Tim e e Pow Pow er er

TDMA

Pow Pow er er

CDMA

(14)

(15)

Duplex Technology

Time Time Power Power

TDD

USER 2 USER 2 USER 1 USER 1 DL DL UL UL DL DL DL DL UL UL

FDD

Time Time Frequency Frequency Power Power

UL

DL

USER 2 USER 2 USER 1 USER 1

(16)

3G Overview

l

CDMA Principle

l

WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure

l

WCDMA Wireless Fundamental

l

Physical Layer Overview

l

Physical Channels

(17)

WCDMA Network Architecture

RNS

RNC

RNS

RNC

Core Network

Node B

_{Node B}

Node B

-Iu CS

Iu PS

-

-Iur

Iur

Iub

CN

UTRAN

Uu

CS

PS

-Iu CS

-Iu PS

CS

PS

(18)

WCDMA Network Version Evolution

3GPP

Rel99

3GPP Rel4

3GPP

Rel5

2000

2001

2002

/ GSM GPRS CN/ GSM GPRS CN WCDMA RTT WCDMA RTT IMS IMS HSDPA HSDPA

3GPP

Rel6

MBMS MBMS HSUPA HSUPA

2005

CS domain change to CS domain change to NGN NGN WCDMA RTT WCDMA RTT

(19)

WCDMA Network Version Evolution

l Features of R6

[ MBMS is introduced

[ HSUPA is introduced to achieve the service rate up to 5.76Mbps l Features of R7

[ HSPA+ is introduced, which adopts higher order modulation and MIMO [ Max DL rate: 28Mbps, Max UL rate:11Mbps

l Features of R8

[ WCDMA LTE (Long term evolution) is introduced [ OFDMA is adopted instead of CDMA

(20)

Uu Interface protocol structure

L3

co nt ro l co nt ro l co nt ro l co nt ro l co nt ro l co nt ro l co nt ro l co nt ro l -C plane signaling

-C plane signaling _{U plane information}_{U plane information}_-

-/

L2 MAC

/

L2 MAC

RLC RLC DC DC Nt Nt GC GC

/

L2 RLC

/

L2 RLC

MAC

RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC Duplication avoidance Duplication avoidance UuS boundary UuS boundary

/

L2 BMC

/

L2 BMC

control control PDCP PDCP PDCP PDCP

L2 PDCP

/

DC DC Nt Nt GC GC

RRC

RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC BMC BMC

(21)

General Protocol Mode for UTRAN Terrestrial

Interface

l

The structure is based on the principle that the layers and planes are

logically independent of each other.

Application Application Protocol Protocol Data Data Stream(s) Stream(s) ALCAP(s) ALCAP(s) Transport Transport Network Network Layer Layer Signaling Signaling Bearer(s) Bearer(s) Control Plane

Control Plane User PlaneUser Plane

Transport Network

User PlaneUser Plane Transport Network Transport Network Control Plane Control Plane Radio Radio Network Network Layer Layer Signaling Signaling Bearer(s) Bearer(s) Data Data Bearer(s) Bearer(s) Transport Network Transport Network

(22)

General Protocol Mode for UTRAN Terrestrial

Interface

l

The structure is based on the principle that the layers and planes are

logically independent of each other.

Application Application Protocol Protocol Data Data Stream(s) Stream(s) ALCAP(s) ALCAP(s) Transport Transport Network Network Layer Layer Signaling Signaling Bearer(s) Bearer(s) Control Plane

Control Plane User PlaneUser Plane

Transport Network

User PlaneUser Plane Transport Network Transport Network Control Plane Control Plane Radio Radio Network Network Layer Layer Signaling Signaling Bearer(s) Bearer(s) Data Data Bearer(s) Bearer(s) Transport Network Transport Network

(23)

Iu-CS Interface

ALCAP

Control Plane Control Plane Transport Network Transport Network Control Plane Control Plane User plane User plane

Radio

Network

Layer

Transport Network Transport Network User Plane User Plane

Transport

Network

Layer

A A _B_B RANAP RANAP AAL2 PATH AAL2 PATH ATM ATM Physical Layer Physical Layer SAAL NNI SAAL NNI SCCP SCCP MTP3-B MTP3-B Iu UP Iu UP SAAL NNI SAAL NNI MTP3-B MTP3-B Transport Network Transport Network User Plane User Plane

(24)

Iu-PS Interface

Control Plane

Control Plane User planeUser plane

Radio

Network

Layer

Transport Network Transport Network User Plane User Plane

Transport

Network

Layer

Transport Network Transport Network User Plane User Plane C C RANAP RANAP ATM ATM SAAL NNI SAAL NNI SCCP SCCP MTP3-B MTP3-B Iu UP Iu UP AAL Type 5 AAL Type 5 IP IP UDP UDP GTP-U GTP-U Physical Layer Physical Layer

(25)

Iub Interface

ALCAP ALCAP Control Plane Control Plane Transport Network Transport Network Control Plane Control Plane User plane User plane Radio Radio Network Network Layer Layer Transport Network Transport Network User Plane User Plane Transport Transport Network Network Layer Layer Transport Network Transport Network User Plane User Plane NBAP NBAP AAL2 PATH AAL2 PATH ATM ATM Physical Layer Physical Layer SAAL UNI SAAL UNI Iub FP Iub FP SAAL UNI SAAL UNI N N C C P P C C C C P P

(26)

Iur Interface

ALCAP

Control Plane Control Plane Transport Network Transport Network Control Plane Control Plane User plane User plane

Radio

Network

Layer

Transport

Network

Layer

A A _B_B RANAP RANAP AAL2 PATH AAL2 PATH ATM ATM Physical Layer Physical Layer SAAL NNI SAAL NNI SCCP SCCP MTP3-B MTP3-B Iur Data Iur Data Stream Stream SAAL NNI SAAL NNI MTP3-B MTP3-B Transport Network Transport Network User Plane User Plane Transport Network Transport Network User Plane User Plane

(27)

3G Overview

l

CDMA Principle

l

WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure

l

WCDMA Wireless Fundamental

l

Physical Layer Overview

l

Physical Channels

(28)

Processing Procedure of WCDMA System

Sourc Sourc e e Codin Codin g g Channel Coding Channel Coding & Interleaving

& Interleaving SpreadingSpreading ModulationModulation

Source Source Decodin Decodin g g Channel Decoding Channel Decoding & Deinterleaving

& Deinterleaving DespreadinDespreadin_g_g DemodulatioDemodulatio_n_n

Transmission Transmission

Reception Reception chip

chip modulatedmodulated_signal_signal bit

bit symbolsymbol Servic Servic e e Signal Signal Radio Radio Channel Channel Servic Servic e e Signal Signal

Receiver

(29)

WCDMA Source Coding

[

A integrated speech codec with 8

source rates

[

_{The AMR bit rates can be controlled by}

the RAN depending on the system

load and quality of the speech

connections

[

H.324 is used for VP Service in CS

domain

[

_{Includes: video codec, speech codec,}

data protocols, multiplexing and etc.

CODEC Bit Rate (kbps) AMR_12.20 12.2 (GSM EFR) AMR_10.20 10.2

AMR_7.95 7.95

AMR_7.40 7.4 (TDMA EFR) AMR_6.70 6.7 (PDC EFR) AMR_5.90 5.9

AMR_5.15 5.15 AMR_4.75 4.75

(30)

Processing Procedure of WCDMA System

Transmitter

Receiver

(31)

WCDMA Block Coding - CRC

(32)

WCDMA Channel Coding

l

Effect

[

_{Enhance the correlation among symbols so as to recover the signal when}

interference occurs

[

_{Provides better error correction at receiver, but brings increment of the delay}

l

Types

[

_{No Coding}

[

_{Convolutional Coding (1/2, 1/3)}

[

_{Turbo Coding (1/3)}

Code Block Code Block of N Bits of N Bits No Coding No Coding 1/2 Convolutional 1/2 Convolutional Coding Coding 1/3 Convolutional 1/3 Convolutional Coding Coding Uncoded N bits Uncoded N bits Coded 2N+16 bits Coded 2N+16 bits Coded 3N+24 bits Coded 3N+24 bits

(33)

WCDMA Interleaving

l

Effect

[

_{Interleaving is used to reduce the probability of consecutive bits error}

[

Longer interleaving periods have better data protection with more delay

                1 1 1 0 1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 . . . 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 . . . 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1         ... ... ... ... ... 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 … … … 0 0 … … … 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 … 0 … 1 1 0 1 1 -Inter -Inter column column Output Output bits bits Input bits Input bits Interleaving Interleaving : periods: periods , , 20 40 or 80 ms, , 20 40 or 80 ms

(34)

Processing Procedure of WCDMA System

Receiver

(35)

Correlation

l

Correlation measures similarity between any two arbitrary signals.

l

Identical and Orthogonal signals:

Correlation = 0

Orthogonal signals

-1 1 -1 1

[

-1 1 -1 1

1 1 1 1

+1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1 -1 -1 +1 +1

Correlation = 1

Identical signals

-1 1 -1 1

[

1 1 1 1

-1 1 -1 1

C

₁₁

C

₂₂ +1+1 +1 +1

C

₁₁

C

₂₂

(36)

Orthogonal Code Usage - Coding

UE1: UE1: ＋＋11 －－1 1 UE2: UE2: －－11 ＋＋11 C C1 ₁:: －－1 1 ＋＋1 1 －－1 1 ＋＋1 1 －－1 1 ＋＋1 1 －－11 ＋＋11 C C₂₂:: ＋＋1 1 ＋＋1 1 ＋＋1 1 ＋＋1 1 ＋＋1 1 ＋＋1 1 ＋＋1 1 ＋＋11 UE1×c1 UE1×c1：：－－1 1 ＋＋1 1 －－1 1 ＋＋1 1 ＋＋1 1 －－1 1 ＋＋11 －－11 UE2×c2 UE2×c2：：－－1 1 －－1 1 －－1 1 －－1 1 ＋＋1 1 ＋＋1 1 ＋＋1 1 ＋＋11 UE1×c1

(37)

Orthogonal Code Usage - Decoding

UE1×C

UE1×C₁₁＋＋ UE2×CUE2×C₂₂: : －－2 0 2 0 －－2 0 2 0 ＋＋2 0 2 0 ＋＋2 02 0

UE1

UE1 Dispreading by c1Dispreading by c1:: －－1 1 ＋＋1 1 －－1 1 ＋＋1 1 －－1 1 ＋＋1 1 －－11 ＋＋11 Dispreading result:

Dispreading result: ＋＋2 0 2 0 ＋＋2 0 2 0 －－2 0 2 0 －－2 02 0 Integral judgment:

Integral judgment: ＋＋4 (means4 (means＋＋1) 1) －－4 (means4 (means－－1)1) UE2

UE2 Dispreading by cDispreading by c2:2: ＋＋1 1 ＋＋1 1 ＋＋1 1 ＋＋1 1 ＋＋1 1 ＋＋1 1 ＋＋1 1 ＋＋1 1 Dispreading result:

Dispreading result: －－2 0 2 0 －－2 0 2 0 ＋＋2 0 2 0 ＋＋2 02 0 Integral judgment:

(38)

Spectrum Analysis of Spreading & Dispreading

Spreading code Spreading code Spreading code Spreading code Signal Signal Combination Combination Narrowband signal Narrowband signal f f P(f) P(f) Broadband signal Broadband signal P(f) P(f) f f

Noise & Other Signal Noise & Other Signal

P(f) P(f) f f Noise+Broadband signal Noise+Broadband signal P(f) P(f) f f Recovered signal Recovered signal P(f) P(f) f f

(39)

Spectrum Analysis of Spreading & Dispreading

Max allowed Max allowed interference interference / Eb No/ Eb No Requiremen Requiremen t t Power Power Max interference Max interference caused by UE and caused by UE and others others Processing Gain Processing Gain

E

bitbit

Despreading

Interference Interference from other UE from other UE

E

chipchip

/

=

/

×

Eb

/

No

=

Ec

/

No

×

PG

Eb

No

Ec

No

PG

(40)

Process Gain

[

bit

rate

)

rate

chip

log(

10 Gain

ocess

Pr

=

(41)

Spreading Technology

[

Channelization operation, which transforms data symbols into

chips

[

_{Scrambling operation is applied to the spreading signal}

scrambling

channelization

Data

symbol

(42)

WCDMA Channelization Code

l

OVSF Code (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor) is used as

channelization code

C C_ch,1,0_ch,1,0= (1)= (1) C C_ch,2,0_ch,2,0= (1,1)= (1,1) C C_ch,2,1_ch,2,1= (1, -1)= (1, -1) C C_ch,4,0_ch,4,0= (1,1,1,1)= (1,1,1,1) C C_ch,4,1_ch,4,1= (1,1,-1,-1)= (1,1,-1,-1) C C_ch,4,2_ch,4,2= (1,-1,1,-1)= (1,-1,1,-1) C C_ch,4,3_ch,4,3= (1,-1,-1,1)= (1,-1,-1,1) C C_ch,8,0_ch,8,0= (1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)= (1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1) C C_ch,8,1_ch,8,1= (1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1)= (1,1,1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1) C C_ch,8,2_ch,8,2= (1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1)= (1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1) C C_ch,8,3_ch,8,3= (1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1)= (1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1) C C_ch,8,4_ch,8,4= (1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1)= (1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1) C C_ch,8,5_ch,8,5= (1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,1)= (1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,1) C C_ch,8,6_ch,8,6= (1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,1)= (1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,1) C C_ch,8,7= (1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1)= (1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1)

……

(43)

WCDMA Channelization Code

Radio bearer SF Radio bearer SF

Speech 12.2 UL 64 Speech 12.2 DL 128

Data 64 kbps UL 16 Data 64 kbps DL 32

(44)

Purpose of Channelization Code

(45)

Purpose of Scrambling Code

(46)

Scrambling Code

l

Scrambling code: GOLD sequence.

l

There are 2

24

long uplink scrambling codes which are used for

scrambling of the uplink signals. Uplink scrambling codes are

assigned by RNC.

l

For downlink, 512 primary scrambling codes are used.

(47)

Primary Scrambling Code Group

Primary Primary scrambling scrambling codes for codes for downlink downlink physical physical channels channels Group 0 Group 0 … … Primary Primary scrambling code scrambling code 0 0 …… …… Primary Primary scrambling scrambling * code 8 63 * code 8 63 …… …… Primary Primary scrambling scrambling * + code 8 63 * +7 code 8 63 7

512

512 primary

primary

scrambling

…

Group 1 Group 1 Group Group 63 63 Primary Primary scrambling code scrambling code 1 1 Primary Primary scrambling code scrambling code 8 8

64

64 primary

primary

scrambling

(48)

Code Multiplexing

Scrambling code

Channelization code 1

Channelization code 2

Channelization code 3

User 1 signal

User 2 signal

User 3 signal

NodeB NodeB

(49)

Code Multiplexing

NodeB NodeB

Scrambling code 3

Channelization code

Scrambling code 2

User 2 signal

Channelization code

Scrambling code 1

User 1 signal

Channelization code

(50)

Processing Procedure of WCDMA System

Receiver

(51)

Modulation Overview

1

0

1

0

time

Basic steady radio

wave: wave: carrier = carrier = A.cos(2 A.cos(2π_π Ft+Ft+φ_φ )) Amplitude Shift Amplitude Shift Keying: Keying:

A

.cos(2.cos(2π_π Ft+Ft+φ_φ )) Frequency Shift Frequency Shift Keying: Keying: A.cos(2 A.cos(2π_π

F

t+t+φ_φ )) Phase Shift Keying:

Phase Shift Keying:

Data to be transmitted:

Digital Input

(52)

Modulation Overview

1 1 t t 1 1 00 11 1 1 t t -1 -1 NRZ coding NRZ coding

f

_o_o Modulated Modulated Carrier Carrier Information Information signal signal 1 1 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 1010 1 1 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 1010 Digital Input Digital Input High Frequency High Frequency Carrier Carrier

(53)

Modulation Overview

-1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 1010 NRZ Input NRZ Input I di-Bit Stream I di-Bit Stream Q di-Bit Stream Q di-Bit Stream I I Component Component Q Q Component Component QPSK Waveform QPSK Waveform 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 -1 1-1 1 -1 1-1 1 1 -11 -1

(54)

Modulation Overview

NRZ NRZ coding coding 90 90oo NRZ NRZ coding coding

QPSK

Q(t) Q(t) I(t) I(t)

f

_o_o ± ±AA ± ±AA ±±Acos([Acos([_o_ot)t) ± ±Acos([Acos([_o_ot + /2)t + /2)[[ [[ 11 11 π /4π /4 11 −1−1 7π /47π /4 −1 1−1 1

)

cos(

2 :

A

ω

o

+

φ

QPSK

(55)

Demodulation

1 1 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 1010 QPSK Waveform QPSK Waveform 1,1 1,1 -1,-1 -1,-1 -1,1 -1,1 1,-1 1,-1 -1,1 -1,1

(56)

WCDMA Modulation

l

HSDPA: QPSK or 16QAM

R99/R4: QPSK

(57)

Processing Procedure of WCDMA System

Sourc Sourc e e Codin Codin g g Channe Channe l l Coding Coding Spreading

Spreading ModulationModulation

Source Source Decodin Decodin g g Channel Channel Decodin Decodin g g Despreadin Despreadin g g DemodulatioDemodulationn Transmission Transmission Reception Reception chip

Transmitter

Receiver

(58)

Wireless Propagation

Received Received Signal Signal Transmitted Transmitted Signal Signal Transmission Loss: Transmission Loss:

Path Loss + Multi-path Fading Path Loss + Multi-path Fading

Amplitude

(59)

Propagation of Radio Signal

Signal at Transmitter

Signal at Receiver

-30 -30 -25 -25 -20 -20 -15 -15 -10 -10 -5 -5 dB dB 0 0 0 0 dB m dB m -20 -20 -15 -15 -10 -10 -5 -5 5 5 10 10 15 15 20 20

(60)

Fading Categories

l

Fading Categories

[

Slow Fading

(61)

(62)

(63)

Principle of RAKE Receiver

Receive set Receive set Correlator 1 Correlator 1 Correlator 2 Correlator 2 Correlator 3 Correlator 3 Searcher Searcher correlator

correlator Calculate theCalculate thetime delaytime delay and signal and signal strength strength Combiner

Combiner combinedcombined TheThe signal signal t t t t ( ) s t( ) s t s ts t( )( )

-RAKE receiver help to overcome on the multi path fading and enhance

(64)

3G Overview

l

CDMA Principle

l

WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure

l

WCDMA Wireless Fundamental

l

Physical Layer Overview

l

Physical Channels

(65)

UTRAN Network Structure

RNS

RNC

RNS

RNC

Core Network

NodeB

_NodeB

NodeB

-Iu CS

Iu PS

-

-Iur

Iur

Iub

CN

UTRAN

Uu

CS

PS

-Iu CS

-Iu PS

CS

PS

(66)

Uu Interface Protocol Structure

L3

co nt ro l co nt ro l co nt ro l co nt ro l co nt ro l co nt ro l co nt ro l co nt ro l -C plane signaling

-C plane signaling _{U plane information}_{U plane information}_-

-/

L2 MAC

/

L2 MAC

RLC RLC DC DC Nt Nt GC GC

/

L2 RLC

/

L2 RLC

MAC

RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC Duplication avoidance Duplication avoidance UuS boundary UuS boundary

/

L2 BMC

/

L2 BMC

control control PDCP PDCP PDCP PDCP

L2 PDCP

/

DC DC Nt Nt GC GC

RRC

RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC RLC BMC BMC radio bearer radio bearer logical channel logical channel transport channel transport channel

(67)

RAB, RB and RL

RAB

RB

RL

NodeB

RNC

_CN

UE

UTRAN

(68)

3G Overview

l

CDMA Principle

l

WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure

l

WCDMA Wireless Fundamental

l

Physical Layer Overview

l

Physical Channels

(69)

(70)

Logical Channel

Control channel

Traffic channel

Dedicated traffic channel

(

DTCH

)

(

DTCH

)

Common traffic channel

(

₍

CTCH

)

₎

Broadcast control channel

(

BCCH

)

(

BCCH

)

Paging control channel

(

₍

PCCH

)

₎

Dedicate control channel

(

DCCH

)

(

DCCH

)

Common control channel

(71)

Logical Channel

Control channel

Traffic channel

Dedicated traffic channel

(

DTCH

)

(

DTCH

)

Common traffic channel

(

₍

CTCH

)

₎

Broadcast control channel

(

BCCH

)

(

BCCH

)

Paging control channel

(

₍

PCCH

)

₎

Dedicate control channel

(

DCCH

)

(

DCCH

)

Common control channel

(72)

Transport Channel

Dedicated Channel

(

₍

DCH

)

₎

Broadcast channel

(

BCH

)

Forward access channel

(

FACH

)

(

FACH

)

Paging channel

(

₍

PCH

)

₎

Random access channel

(

₍

RACH

)

₎

-High speed downlink shared channel

(

HS DSCH

-

)

(

HS DSCH

-

)

Common transport

channel

Dedicated

transport channel

(73)

Physical Channel

l

A physical channel is defined by a specific carrier frequency, code

(scrambling code, spreading code) and relative phase.

l

In UMTS system, the different code (scrambling code or spreading

code) can distinguish the channels.

l

Most channels consist of radio frames and time slots, and each radio

frame consists of 15 time slots.

l

Two types of physical channel: UL and DL

Physical Channel

,

Frequency Code Phase

,

Frequency Code Phase

(74)

Downlink Physical Channel

l

Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel (DL DPCH)

l

Downlink Common Physical Channel

_{Downlink Common Physical Channel}

[

Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)

[

Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)

_{Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)}

[

Synchronization Channel (SCH)

_{Synchronization Channel (SCH)}

[

Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)

_{Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)}

[

Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)

_{Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)}

[

Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

_{Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)}

[

High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)

_{High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel (HS-PDSCH)}

(75)

Uplink Physical Channel

l

Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel

[

Uplink Dedicated Physical Data Channel (Uplink DPDCH)

[

Uplink Dedicated Physical Control Channel (Uplink DPCCH)

[

High-Speed Dedicated Physical Channel (HS-DPCCH)

l

Uplink Common Physical Channel

(76)

Function of Physical Channel

NodeB

_UE

-

-P CC-PCH -Primary Common Control -Physical Channel- -P CC-PCH -Primary Common Control -Physical Channel- -P CC-PCH -Primary Common Control -Physical Channel- -P CC-PCH -Primary Common Control -Physical Channel

-

--P C--PICH --Primary Common --Pilot Channel- --P C--PICH --Primary Common --Pilot Channel

SCH--SCH--Synchronisation ChannelSynchronisation Channel

-

--P C--PICH --Primary Common --Pilot Channel- --P C--PICH --Primary Common --Pilot Channel

SCH--SCH--Synchronisation ChannelSynchronisation Channel

Cell

Search

Cell

Search

Channels

--DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel --DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel --DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel --DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel

--DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel --DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel --DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel --DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel

Dedicated

Channels

Paging Channels

--PICH Paging

--PICH Paging-- Indicator ChannelIndicator Channel PICH Paging

--PICH Paging Indicator ChannelIndicator Channel

--SCCPCH Secondary Common Control Physical Channel --SCCPCH Secondary Common Control Physical Channel --SCCPCH Secondary Common Control Physical Channel --SCCPCH Secondary Common Control Physical Channel

--PRACH Physical Random Access Channel --PRACH Physical Random Access Channel --PRACH Physical Random Access Channel --PRACH Physical Random Access Channel

--

AICH--AICH--Acquisition Indicator ChannelAcquisition Indicator Channel

AICH--AICH Acquisition Indicator ChannelAcquisition Indicator Channel

Random Access Channels

-

--HS SCCH High Speed Share Control Channel- --HS SCCH High Speed Share Control Channel- --HS SCCH High Speed Share Control Channel- --HS SCCH High Speed Share Control Channel

-

--HS PDSCH High Speed Physical Downlink Share Channel- --HS PDSCH High Speed Physical Downlink Share Channel- --HS PDSCH High Speed Physical Downlink Share Channel- --HS PDSCH High Speed Physical Downlink Share Channel

High Speed Downlink Share Channels

(77)

Synchronization Channels (P-SCH & S-SCH)

l _{Used for cell search}

l Two sub channels: P-SCH and S-SCH l _{SCH is transmitted at the first 256 chips of}

every time slot

l_{Primary synchronization code is transmitted}_{Primary synchronization code is transmitted} repeatedly in each time slot

repeatedly in each time slot

l_{Secondary synchronization code specifies the}_{Secondary synchronization code specifies the} scrambling code groups of the cell

scrambling code groups of the cell

Primary Primary SCH SCH Secondary Secondary SCH SCH # Slot #0

Slot 0 SlotSlot # #11 SlotSlot # #1414

ac ac_s_si 0i 0,, p p ac ac acac _p_p acac pp ac ac_s_si 1i 1,, acacssi 14i 14,, 256 chips 256 chips 2560 chips 2560 chips

One 10 ms SCH radio frame One 10 ms SCH radio frame

(78)

Secondary Synchronization Channel

(S-SCH)

slot number Scrambling Code Group #0 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14 Group 0 1 1 2 8 9 10 15 8 10 16 2 7 15 7 16 Group 1 1 1 5 16 7 3 14 16 3 10 5 12 14 12 10 Group 2 1 2 1 15 5 5 12 16 6 11 2 16 11 15 12 Group 3 1 2 3 1 8 6 5 2 5 8 4 4 6 3 7 Group 4 1 2 16 6 6 11 15 5 12 1 15 12 16 11 2 … Group 61 9 10 13 10 11 15 15 9 16 12 14 13 16 14 11 Group 62 9 11 12 15 12 9 13 13 11 14 10 16 15 14 16 Group 63 9 12 10 15 13 14 9 14 15 11 11 13 12 16 10 l

……

_……

..

_..

ac

p p # Slot # ? Slot ? -P SCH -P SCH

ac

p p # Slot #? Slot ?

16

6

-S -SCH -S -SCH

ac

p p # Slot #? Slot ?

11

11 Group 2

Group 2

, ,

Slot 7 8 9

, ,

Slot 7 8 9

(79)

Primary Common Pilot Channel (PCPICH)

l

Primary PCPICH

[

Carrying pre-defined sequence

[

Fixed channel code: C

_{ch, 256, 0}

, Fixed rate 30Kbps

[

_{Scrambled by the primary scrambling code}

[

Broadcast over the entire cell

[

_{A phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH, PICH and}

downlink DPCH, Only one PCPICH per cell

-Pre defined symbol sequence -Pre defined symbol sequence

T

(80)

Primary Common Control Physical Channel

(PCCPCH)

l

Carrying BCH transport channel

l

Fixed rate, fixed OVSF code (30kbps ， C

_{ch, 256, 1}

)

l

The PCCPCH is not transmitted during the first 256 chips of each time

slot

PCCPCH Data PCCPCH Data 18 bits 18 bits # Slot #0

Slot 0 SlotSlot # #11 SlotSlot # #ii

256 chips 256 chips # Slot #14 Slot 14 T

T_slot_slot= = 2560 chips 20 bits2560 chips 20 bits,,

(81)

Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)

l

Carrying Paging Indicators (PI)

l

Fixed rate (30kbps), SF = 256

l

N paging indicators {PI

₀

, …, PI

_N-1

} in each PICH frame, N=18, 36, 72,

or 144

( )

One radio frame 10 ms ( ) One radio frame 10 ms b

b₁₁

b

b₀₀

288 bits for paging 288 bits for paging indication

indication 12 bits undefined12 bits undefined ( ( )) b

(82)

Secondary Common Control Physical Channel

(SCCPCH)

l

Carrying FACH and PCH, SF = 256 - 4

[

Pilot: used for demodulation

[

TFCI: Transport Format Control Indication, used for describe

data format

Data Data N bits N bits # Slot #0

Slot 0 SlotSlot # #11 SlotSlot # #ii SlotSlot # #1414

: 1 radio frame T:

1 radio frame T_f_f= = 10 ms10 ms

T

T_slot_slot= = 2560 chips2560 chips, ,

Data Data Pilot Pilot N bits

N _Pilot_Pilot bits

N bits

N TFCI_TFCITFCI_TFCI bits

* 20 2*

(83)

Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

Message part Message part Preamble Preamble 4096 chips 4096 chips ( )

10 ms one radio frame ( ) 10 ms one radio frame Preamble

Preamble PreamblePreamble

Message part Message part Preamble

Preamble 4096 chips

4096 chips 20 ms two radio frames_{20 ms two radio frames}₍₍ ₎₎ Preamble

(84)

PRACH Message Structure

Pilot Pilot N bits N bits # Slot # 0

Slot 0SlotSlot # # 11 SlotSlot # # ii SlotSlot # _#1414

Message part radio frame T Message part radio frame T = 10 ms

= 10 ms

T

T_slot_slot= = 2560 chips 10 22560 chips 10 2, , **

Pilot Pilot TFCI TFCI N bits

N _TFCI_TFCI bits

Data

N

N data databitsbits

Data Data Control Control k k _{( = .. )} bits k 0 3 ( = .. ) bits k 0 3

(85)

PRACH Access Timeslot Structure

#1 #1 #2#2 #3#3 #4#4 #5#5 #6#6 #7#7 #8#8 #9#9 #10#10 #11#11 #12#12 #13#13 #14#14 5120 chips 5120 chips : radio frame 10 ms:

radio frame 10 ms radio frame 10 msradio frame 10 ms: :

# Access slot #0

Access slot 0 _{Random Access Transmission}_{Random Access Transmission}

# Access slot #1 Access slot 1 # Access slot #7 Access slot 7 # Access slot #14 Access slot 14

Random Access Transmission Random Access Transmission

# Access slot #8

(86)

Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)

# AS #14 AS 14 ASAS # #00 ASAS # #11 ASAS # #ii ASAS # #1414 ASAS # #00 a a₁₁ aa₂₂ a a₀₀ aa₃₀₃₀aa₃₁₃₁ aa₃₂₃₂ aa₃₃₃₃ aa₃₈₃₈ aa₃₉₃₉ AI part

AI part Unused partUnused part

20 ms 20 ms

(87)

Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel

(DPDCH&DPCCH)

(88)

Uplink Dedicated Physical Channel

(DPDCH&DPCCH)

Pilot Pilot N

N_pilotpilot bits bits NNTPC_TPCTPCTPC bits bits Data

Data N

Ndatadata bits bits

# Slot #0

Slot 0 SlotSlot # #11 SlotSlot # #ii SlotSlot # #1414 T

T_slot_slot = = 2560 chips 10 22560 chips 10 2, , ** kk bits_bits

( = .. )k 0 6 ( = .. )k 0 6 : 1 radio frame T: 1 radio frame Tf_f = = 10 ms10 ms DPDCH DPDCH DPCCH

(89)

Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel

(DPDCH+DPCCH)

(90)

Downlink Dedicated Physical Channel

(DPDCH+DPCCH)

, One radio frame T,

One radio frame Tff = = 10 ms10 ms #

Slot #0

Slot 0 SlotSlot # #11 SlotSlot # #ii SlotSlot # #1414 T

T_slot_slot = = 2560 chips 20 22560 chips 20 2, , ** kk ( =- .. ) bits k ( =- .. )1 6 bits k 1 6 Data2 Data2 N

Ndata2_data2 bits bits DPDCH DPDCH TFCI

TFCI N

NTFCI_TFCI bits bits

Pilot Pilot N

Npilot_pilot bits bits Data1

Data1 N

Ndata1_data1 bitsbits

DPDCH DPDCH DPCCHDPCCH DPCCHDPCCH TPC TPC N N_TPCTPC bits bits

(91)

High-Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel

(HS-PDSCH)

l

Bearing service data and layer 2 overhead bits mapped from the

transport channel

l

SF=16, can be configured several channels to increase data service

# Slot #0

Slot 0 Slot 1Slot 1## SlotSlot # #22 T

Tslot_slot = = 2560 chips M 10 22560 chips M 10 2, *, * ** kk bits k 4bits k 4 ( = ) ( = ) Data

Data N

Ndata1_data1 bits bits

: 1 subframe T:

(92)

High-Speed Shared Control Channel

(HS-SCCH)

l Carries physical layer signalling to a single UE ,such as modulation

scheme (1 bit) ,channelization code set (7 bit), transport block size (6bit),HARQ process number (3bit), redundancy version (3bit), new data indicator (1bit), UE identity (16bit)

l HS-SCCH is a fixed rate (60 kbps, SF=128) downlink physical channel used to carry downlink signalling related to HS-DSCH transmission

# Slot #0

Slot 0 Slot 1Slot 1## SlotSlot # #22 T

Tslot_slot = = 2560 chips 40 bits2560 chips 40 bits, , Data

Data N

Ndata1_data1 bits bits

1 subframe T

(93)

High-Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel

(HS-DPCCH )

l

Carrying information to acknowledge downlink transport blocks and

feedback information to the system for scheduling and link

adaptation of transport block

[

CQI and ACK/NACK

l

Physical Channel, Uplink, SF=256

Subframe #0

Subframe #0 Subframe #iSubframe #i Subframe #nSubframe #n One HS-DPCCH subframe ( 2ms )

One HS-DPCCH subframe ( 2ms ) ACK/NACK

ACK/NACK CQICQI

T

(94)

Mapping Between Channels

Logical channels

Transport channels

Physical channels

BCCH

BCH

P CCPCH

-

-FACH

FACH

S CCPCH

-

-PCCH

PCCH

PCH

S CCPCH

-

-CCCH

CCCH

RACH

PRACH

FACH

S CCPCH

_{S CCPCH}

_-

-CTCH

CTCH

FACH

S CCPCH

-

-,

DCCH DTCH

,

DCCH DTCH

DCH

DPDCH

-HS DSCH

HS PDSCH

-

-,

RACH FACH

,

(95)

-Contents

l

3G Overview

l

CDMA Principle

l

WCDMA Network Architecture and protocol structure

l

WCDMA Wireless Fundamental

l

Physical Layer Overview

l

Physical Channels

(96)

Synchronization Procedure - Cell Search

Frame synchronization

&

Code Group

&

Code Group

Identification

Scrambling Code

Identification

UE uses SSC to find frame

synchronization and identify the

code group of the cell found in

the first step

UE determines the primary scrambling

code through correlation over the

PCPICH with all codes within the

,

identified group and then detects

,

identified group and then detects

-the P CCPCH and reads BCH

information

。

Slot

Synchronization

UE uses PSC to acquire

slot synchronization to a

cell

(97)

Random Access Procedure

STARTSTART

Choose a RACH sub channel from Choose a RACH sub channel from

available ones available ones Get available signatures Get available signatures

Set Preamble Retrans Max Set Preamble Retrans Max

Set Preamble_Initial_Power Set Preamble_Initial_Power Send a preamble Send a preamble

Check the corresponding AI Check the corresponding AI

Increase message part power by Increase message part power by

-

p m based on preamble power- p m based on preamble power

Set physical status to be RACH Set physical status to be RACH

message transmitted

message transmitted Set physical status to be NackSet physical status to be Nack

on AICH received on AICH received

Choose a access slot again Choose a access slot again

> &

Counter> & 0 Preamble power Counter 0 Preamble power

< maximum allowed power < maximum allowed power

Choose a signature and Choose a signature and increase preamble transmit power increase preamble transmit power

Get negative AI Get negative AI No AI

No AI

Report the physical status to MAC Report the physical status to MAC Get positive AI Get positive AI

The counter of preamble retransmit The counter of preamble retransmit

,

Subtract 1 Commanded preamble power , Subtract 1 Commanded preamble power

increased by Power Ramp Step increased by Power Ramp Step

N N Y

Y

Send the corresponding message part Send the corresponding message part

(98)

Transmit Diversity Mode

Physical channel type Open loop mode Closed loop mode

TSTD STTD Mode 1 Mode 2

P-CCPCH – applied – –

SCH applied – – –

S-CCPCH – applied – –

DPCH – applied applied applied

PICH – applied – –

HS-PDSCH – applied applied –

HS-SCCH – applied – –

(99)

Transmit Diversity - STTD

b

₀

b

₁

b

_b

₂

b

₃

Antenna 1

_{Antenna 1}

Antenna 2

Channel bits

STTD encoded channel bits

.

for antenna 1 and antenna 2

.

for antenna 1 and antenna 2

b

₀

b

₁

b

₂

b

₃

-b

(100)

Transmit Diversity - TSTD

Antenna 1 Antenna 1 Antenna 2 Antenna 2 , i 0, i 0 , i 1, i 1

ac

_s_si 14i 14,, # Slot #0

Slot 0 SlotSlot # #11 SlotSlot # #1414

, i 2, i 2

ac

_p_p # Slot #2 Slot 2 ( Tx ( Tx ) OFF) OFF ( Tx ( Tx ) OFF) OFF (Tx (Tx ) OFF) OFF (Tx (Tx ) OFF) OFF (Tx (Tx ) OFF) OFF ( Tx ( Tx ) OFF) OFF (Tx (Tx ) OFF) OFF