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The role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer

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The role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of prostate

cancer

M. Khorasani* R. Mahdian** A. Peymani*

*Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran **Molecular Medicine Department, Pasteur Institute, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Prostate cancer is one of the major health problems and the second cause of cancer mortality in men over 40 years age in developed countries. Due to the incomplete screening methods for sensivity and spesificity detection prostate cancer, alternative methods with more specificity than are desired. With recent advances in molecular technology, numerous biomarkers have been suggested for the screening of prostate cancer with greater accuracy. MicroRNAs are oligonucleotides with 18-24 length that have key roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression as well as other cellular process (apoptosis, cell proliferation, differentiation and angiogenesis). Many studies have demonstrated changing of the expression levels of microRNAs in prostate cancer patients. Therefore, they can be implemented for the development of prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers. Owing to microRNAs can target molecular signaling pathways and genes involved in prostate cancer, they may also be applicable for therapeutic purposes. In this review article, we explain the roles of microRNAs in different cancer pathways and specifically the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.

Keywords: Prostate Cancer, MicroRNAs, Biomarkers

Citation: Khorasani M, Mahdian R, Peymani A. The role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis,

diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. J Qazvin Univ Med Sci. 2016; 20 (3): 65-74.

Corresponding Address: Amir Peymani, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Qazvin, Iran

Email: a.peymani@gmail.com Tel: +98-28-33324971 Received: 9 Jan 2016 Accepted: 3 Apr 2016

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66 ﻦﯾوﺰﻗ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ هرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺑ لﺎﺳ ، 3 ﯽﭘ رد ﯽﭘ) 86 و دادﺮﻣ ،( ﻬﺷ رﻮﯾﺮ 1395 ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ / يروﺮﻣ

ﺰﯾر ﺶﻘﻧ

RNA

تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ نﺎﻣرد و ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ،ﺶﯾاﺪﯿﭘ رد ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻧﺎﺳاﺮﺧ ﻢﯾﺮﻣ * نﺎﯾﺪﻬﻣ ﺎﺿر ﺮﺘﮐد ** ﯽﻧﺎﻤﯿﭘ ﺮﯿﻣا ﺮﺘﮐد * * ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻘﺤﺗ ﯿ تﺎﻘ ﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﯽ و ﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﯽ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد مﻮﻠﻋ ﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﯽ وﺰﻗ ﯾ ﻦ ناﺮﯾا ،ﻦﯾوﺰﻗ ، ** ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﺶﺨﺑ ناﺮﯾا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ناﺮﯾا رﻮﺘﺳﺎﭘ ﻮﺘﯿﺘﺴﻧا وﺆﺴﻣ هﺪﻨﺴﯾﻮﻧ سردآ :ل وﺰﻗ ﯾ ،ﻦ راﻮﻠﺑ ﻬﺷ ﯿﺪ ،ﺮﻨﻫﺎﺑ ﺰﮐﺮﻣ ﻘﺤﺗ ﯿ تﺎﻘ ﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﯽ و ﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ﯽ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد مﻮﻠﻋ ﮑﺷﺰﭘ ﯽ وﺰﻗ ﯾ ،ﻦ ﻦﻔﻠﺗ 33324971 - 028 Email: a.peymani@gmail.com ﻓﺎﯾرد ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ :ﺖ 19 / 10 / 94 :شﺮﯾﺬﭘ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ 15 /1 / 95  هﺪﯿﮑﭼ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ ﯾ ﻊﯾﺎﺷ زا ﯽﮑ ﻦﯾﺮﺗ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ يﺎﻫ هﺪﻨﻨﮐﺪﯾﺪﻬﺗ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ نادﺮﻣ ﻦﯿﻣود و ﻞﻣﺎﻋ گﺮﻣ يﻻﺎﺑ نادﺮﻣ 40 ﻪـﺑ لﺎـﺳ ﺖـﻠﻋ نﺎﻃﺮـﺳ رد يﺎﻫرﻮﺸﮐ ﻪﻌﺳﻮﺗ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﯾ ﺖﺳا . يرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ مﺪﻋ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ نﻮﻣزآ يﺎﻫ لﺎﺑﺮﻏ يﺮﮔ زا ﯽﻓﺎﮐ ﺖﯿﺳﺎﺴﺣ و ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﯽـﭘ و ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ﺖﻬﺟ نﺎـﻣرد ﺪـﻧور يﺮـﯿﮔ تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ شور ، يﺎﺟ يﺎﻫ ﺶﯿﺑ ﺖﯿﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧا ﺎﺑ ﻦﯾﺰﮔ ﺖـﺳا ﻪـﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮـﻗ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ درﻮﻣ ﺮﺗ يروﺎـﻨﻓ ﺖﻓﺮـﺸﯿﭘ ﺎـﺑ هزوﺮـﻣا . ﺖـﺴﯾز ،ﯽﻟﻮـﮑﻟﻮﻣ يﺎـﻫ نﺎﺸﻧ دﺪﻌﺘﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﮔ ي لﺎﺑﺮﻏ ﺖﻬﺟ ﻖﯿﻗد يﺮﮔ ﺮﺗ هﺪﺷ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﺰﯾر .ﺪﻧا RNA لﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ ،ﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ RNA لﻮـﻃ ﺎـﺑ 18 ﺎـﺗ 24 ﻠﮐﻮﻧ ﺌ ﺪـﯿﺗﻮ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ گﺮﻣ) ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ و ﯽﺴﯾﻮﻧور زا ﺲﭘ نژ نﺎﯿﺑ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ رد گر و ﺰﯾﺎﻤﺗ ،ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﺮﯿﺜﮑﺗ ، ﯽﯾاز .ﺪﻧراد يﺪﯿﻠﮐ ﺶﻘﻧ ( ناﺰـﯿﻣ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ نﺎﯿﺑ ﺰﯾر RNA ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺎﻫ ي نارﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻼﺘﺒﻣ ﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﻪ يﺎﻫ شراﺰﮔ ،ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ هﺪﺷ ﺪﻧا ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ناﻮـﻨﻋ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﺴﯾز ﭘ و ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ رد شزرا ياراد ﺮﮔ ﯿ ﺶ ﯽﻬﮔآ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نآ زا . ﺰﯾر ﻪﮐ ﺎﺟ RNA مﺎﯿﭘ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﺎﻫ نژ و دﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ نﺎﺳر ﻞـﯿﺧد يﺎﻫ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ رد ﯽﻣ راﺮﻗ فﺪﻫ ار تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﯽﯾاز ﯽﻣ ،ﺪﻨﻫد نآ زا ناﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ ﯽﻧﺎﻣرد فاﺪﻫا ياﺮﺑ دﺮﮐ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا يروﺮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا رد . ، ﺰﯾر ﺶﻘﻧ RNA ﺎﻫ دﺎﺠﯾا رد ﻪﺑ و نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﯽﺻﺎﺼﺘﺧا رﻮﻃ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ نﺎﻣرد و ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ ،ﯽﯾاز ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ هﺪﺷ .ﺖﺳا هژاوﺪﯿﻠﮐ :ﺎﻫ ﺰﯾر ،تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ RNA ﺎﻫ ، نﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﺴﯾز ﺎﻫﺮﮔ

:ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

ﻊﯾﺎــﺷ زا ﯽــﮑﯾ ناﻮــﻨﻋ ﻪــﺑ تﺎﺘــﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮــﺳ

ﻦﯾﺮــﺗ

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و

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ﻪﻌـﺳﻮﺗ يﺎﻫر

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ﯽﻣ رﺎﻤﺷ

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2014

،ﺎـﮑﯾﺮﻣا هﺪﺤﺘﻣ ﺖﻟﺎﯾا رد يدﻼﯿﻣ

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ناﻮﻨﻋ

ﻦﯿﻤﺘﻔﻫ

ﻪﺑ نادﺮﻣ ﺮﯿﻣ و گﺮﻣ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ

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ﻪﺑ

ﯽﻣ رﺎﻤﺷ

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ﯽﻠﺻا

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ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ

،

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ﯽﻠﯿﻣﺎـﻓ ﻪﻘﺑﺎـﺳ

ﺮـﮐذ

هﺪﺷ

.ﺪﻧا

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و ﺖﺳا

رد

نارﺎﻤﯿﺑ زا يرﺎﯿﺴﺑ

،

هﺪﻨﻫدراﺪـﺸﻫ يﺪـﺟ ﻢﯾﻼﻋ

.دراﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو

ﻪـﻌﺟاﺮﻣ ﮏـﺷﺰﭘ ﻪـﺑ رﺎﻤﯿﺑ دﺮﻓ ﯽﻧﺎﻣز ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

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و تﺎﺘـﺳوﺮﭘ بﺎـﻬﺘﻟا نﻮـﭼ يدراﻮـﻣ رد ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

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،

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ﺖﺒﺴﻧ

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نﻮﻣرﻮﻫ

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ﯽـﻣ

ﯽـﻟو ،ﺪـﻧﺮﯿﮔ

ﺖـﺷﺬﮔ ﺎـﺑ

دراو و موﺎﻘﻣ نﺎﻣرد ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ

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ﺖﺳد

يزاﺪـﻧا

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نﺪﺑ طﺎﻘﻧ

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. ﺑ

ﯽﻣ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻪ

ﺪﺳر

ﺪﻧور ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ

ﯽـﻣ تﺎﺘـﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ دﺎﺠﯾا ﺮﯿﺴﻣ رد ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ

ﻪـﺑ ناﻮـﺗ

.دﺮﮐ ﮏﻤﮐ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﻦﯾا نﺎﻣرد

) 10 (

ﺰﯾر

RNA

ا ﺎـﻫ

ز

هداﻮﻧﺎـﺧ

RNA

يﺎــﻫ

ُﮐﺮﯿﻏ ﮏــﭼﻮﮐ

هزاﺪــﻧا ﺎــﺑ هﺪــﻨﻨﮐﺪ

18

ﺎــﺗ

24

هﺪﺷ ﺖﻈﻓﺎﺤﻣ رﺎﯿﺴﺑ ﻞﻣﺎﮑﺗ ﯽﻃ ﻪﮐﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ يﺪﯿﺗﻮﺌﻠﮐﻮﻧ

ﺪـﻧا

ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ رد و

ﯽـﺴﯾﻮﻧور زا ﺲﭘ

نژ نﺎـﯿﺑ

ﺎـﻫ

يﺪـﯿﻠﮐ ﺶـﻘﻧ

.ﺪــﻧراد

) 10 (

ــﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﻦــﯾا رد

ﺰــﯾر ﺶــﻘﻧ ﻪ

RNA

،دﺎــﺠﯾا رد ﺎــﻫ

تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ نﺎﻣرد و ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ

ﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

.

شور و داﻮﻣ

ﺎﻫ

:

ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ يروﺮﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﯾا

و ﻞﻬﭼ

ﺮﺒﺘﻌﻣ ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ ﺶﺷ

) ﻞﻣﺎﮐ ﻦﺘﻣ ياراد ﯽﻤﻠﻋ

2010

ﺎﺗ

2015

نﺎﻃﺮﺳ درﻮﻣ رد (

ﺰﯾر ﺶﻘﻧ و تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ

RNA

يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ رد ﺎﻫ

مﺎـﺠﻧا ﯽﯾاز

ﮏﻧﺎﺑ زا ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ .ﺪﺷ

ﯽﻟﻮـﮑﻟﻮﻣ و ﯽـﮑﯿﺘﻧژ ﯽﺗﺎﻋﻼﻃا يﺎﻫ

ﺪــﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻒــﻠﺘﺨﻣ

KEEG Pathway Databases

ﺎـــﯾ

DIANA mirPath

يﺎﻫﺮﯿﺴﻣ نﺎﯿﻣ طﺎﺒﺗرا ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ

ﺶـﻘﻧ ﻦﯿـﻨﭽﻤﻫ و تﺎﺘـﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮـﺳ رد ﻞﯿﺧد ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ

ﺰﯾر

RNA

يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ رد ﺎﻫ

تﺎﺘـﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ و ﯽﯾاز

.ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

ﺖﺴﯾز

ﺰﯾر ﯽﯾاز

RNA

نﺎﻃﺮﺳ و ﺎﻫ

:

ﺖﺴﯾز

ياز

ﺰﯾر

RNA

ﺎﻫ

رد اﺪـﺘﺑا و ﻪـﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﻦﯾﺪﻨﭼ ﯽﻃ

ﯽـﻣ مﺎـﺠﻧا ﻢـﺳﻼﭘﻮﺘﯿﺳ رد ﺲﭙﺳ و ﻪﺘﺴﻫ

.دﻮـﺷ

نژ

يﺎـﻫ

ﺰـﯾر

RNA

ﺎـﻫ

ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ

آ

ﻢﯾﺰـﻧ

RNA

ﯽـﻠﭘ

زاﺮـﻣ

II/III

ﻪـﺑ

ﻦﯾزﺎﻏآ ﺖﺷﻮﻧور

Pri-microRNA

ﯽﻣ ﯽﺴﯾﻮﻧور

ﻪـﮐ دﻮﺷ

ﻪﻗﺎﺳ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ

ﻪﻘﻠﺣ

دراد

يﺎﻬﺘﻧا رد و

5

'

ﯽﻟاﻮﺗ دﻮﺧ

ﮏﻫﻼﮐ

و

يﺎﻬﺘﻧا

3'

ﯽﻠﭘ

ﻪـﻠﯿﻧدآ

دراد

.

Pri-microRNA

ﺮﯿـﺴﻣ رد

ﻪﺑ نﺪﺷ ﻞﯾﺪﺒﺗ

ﺰﯾر

RNA

رد ﻎﻟﺎﺑ

ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

ﺖﺴﯾز

ﯽﯾاز

رﺎﺑ ود

ﯽﻣ شﺮﺑ

يﺎـﻫ ﻢﯾﺰـﻧآ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ ﺮـﻣا ﻦـﯾا .دﻮﺷ

RNaseIII

و ﻪﺘﺴﻫ رد ﺮﻘﺘﺴﻣ

ﻞﻣﺎـﺷ ﺐـﯿﺗﺮﺗ ﻪـﺑ ﻢـﺳﻼﭘﻮﺘﯿﺳ

ﺎـﺷورد

) Drosha (

و

ﺮﺴﯾاد

) Dicer (

ﯽـﻣ مﺎـﺠﻧا

.دﻮـﺷ

ﺖـﺷﻮﻧور

شﺮﺑ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ

ﺎﺷورد

،

Pre-microRNA

ﻣﺎﻧ

ﯽﻣ هﺪﯿ

دﻮـﺷ

و

ﯽﻟاﻮــﺗ

دوﺪــﺣ

70

ﻠﮐﻮﻧ

ﺪــﯿﺗﻮ

دراد ي

.

Pre-microRNA

ﺳﻮﺗ

ﻞﻗﺎﻧ ﻂ

ﻦﯿﺗرﻮﭙﺴﮐا

-5

و

ﻞـﻣﺎﻋ

ﯽـﮑﻤﮐ

Ran-GTP

زا

ﯽﻣ ﻞﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﻢﺳﻼﭘﻮﺘﯿﺳ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﻫ

ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ شﺮـﺑ ﻦﯾﺮﺧآ .دﻮﺷ

ﺮﺴﯾاد ﻪﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ

ﻞـﺼﺘﻣ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮـﭘ و

ﻪـﺑ هﺪﻧﻮـﺷ

RNA

ود

ﻪﺘــﺷر

يا

) TRBP2 (

ﯽــﻣ مﺎــﺠﻧا

دﻮــﺷ

.

) 11 (

زا ﻪﺘــﺷر ﮏــﯾ

ﺰﯾر

RNA

دوﺪـﺣ ﻪﮐ

18

ﺎـﺗ

24

ﺎـﺑ دراد لﻮـﻃ ﺪـﯿﺗﻮﺌﻠﮐﻮﻧ

ﯽــﮑﻤﮐ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮــﭘ

تﺎــﻧﻮﮔرآ

ﻪــﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ

شﻮﻣﺎــﺧ

هﺪــﻨﻨﮐ

) RNA-induced silencing complex: RISC (

ار

ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ

ﯽﻣ

.ﺪﻫد

ﺰﯾر

RNA

ﯽﻣ

ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﯽﻟاﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ

'

3

ﻞـﻤﮑﻣ

زا

mRNA

ﯿﻐﺗ و دﻮﺷ ﻞﺼﺘﻣ فﺪﻫ

ﯿ

تاﺮ

ار ﯽﺴﯾﻮﻧور زا ﺲﭘ

ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ

.ﺪﻨﮐ

ﻞﻣﺎﮐ

ندﻮﺑ

ﯽﻟاﻮﺗ

ﺰﯾر

RNA

و

mRNA

فﺪﻫ

نآ

،

ﺐﺒﺳ

ﻪﻌﻄﻗ

ﻪﻌﻄﻗ

نﺪﺷ

mRNA

و

ﯽﯾﺰﺟ

ندﻮﺑ

ﻦﯾا

لﺎﺼﺗا

،

ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ رﺎﻬﻣ ﺐﺒﺳ

mRNA

ﯽﻣ فﺪﻫ

دﻮﺷ

.

) 12 (

ﺶﻘﻧ

ﺰﯾر

RNA

ﺎﻫ

نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﺶﯾاﺪﯿﭘ رد

:

ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ

ﺎـﻫ

هداد نﺎـﺸﻧ

نژ زا ﯽـﻤﯿﻧ زا ﺶﯿـﺑ ﺪـﻧا

يﺎـﻫ

ُﮐ

ﺰﯾر هﺪﻨﻨﮐﺪ

RNA

نﺎﻃﺮـﺳ ﺎـﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ ﯽﻣﻮﻧژ ﯽﺣاﻮﻧ رد ﺎﻫ

هﺪﻨﻨﮑﺷ ﯽﺣاﻮﻧ رد ﺎﯾ

ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ مﻮﻧژ

ﺪﻧا

.

ﻣ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ

ـﺜ

لﺎ

،

miR-34a

موزﻮﻣوﺮﮐ هﺪﻨﻨﮑﺷ هﺎﮕﯾﺎﺟ رد

11q23-24

راﺮﻗ

ﻪﮐ دراد

نژ ﻦـﯾا

ﻪﻨﯿـﺳ نﺎﻃﺮـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﻼﺘـﺒﻣ نارﺎـﻤﯿﺑ رد

و

نﺎﻃﺮﺳ

ﻪﯾر

ﯽـﻣ فﺬﺣ

دﻮـﺷ

.

) 13 (

ﺰـﯾر

RNA

ﻂﯾاﺮـﺷ رد ﺎـﻫ

رد نﺪــﺑ ﯽــﻌﯿﺒﻃ ﯽﮑﯾژﻮــﻟﻮﯾﺰﯿﻓ

ﺪــﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

ﺎﻫ

ﺪــﻨﻧﺎﻣ

ﺮــﯿﺜﮑﺗ

و ﻞﻣﺎﮑﺗ ،ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ

ﯽﻟﻮﻠـﺳ گﺮﻣ

.ﺪـﻧراد ﯽـﻤﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﺶـﻘﻧ

) 14 (

نﺎﯿﺑ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﺞﯾﺎﺘﻧ

ﻪﯾﺎﻤﻧ

ﺰﯾر

RNA

رد ﺎﻫ

لﻮﻠﺳ و ﺖﻓﺎﺑ

يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻧﺎﻃﺮﺳ

يﺎﺠﺑﺎﻧ نﺎﯿﺑ ﻪﺑ

ﺰـﯾر

RNA

ﺎـﻫ

ﺰﯾر .دراد ﺖﻟﻻد

RNA

رد ﻞـﯿﺧد دﺪـﻌﺘﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﯿـﺴﻣ رد ﺎﻫ

ﺶﯾاﺪﯿﭘ

ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ زا ،نﺎﻃﺮـﺳ يوﺮـﺸﯿﭘ و

گر

ﯽـﯾاز

،

ﺪـﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

ﯿﭘا لﺎﻘﺘﻧا

لﺎﯿﻠﺘ

-

ﯿﺸﻧاﺰﻣ

ﯽﻤ

و

ﺖﺳد

يزاﺪﻧا

ﻪـﮐ ﺪـﻧراد ﺶﻘﻧ

نﺎﯿﺑ ﺖﻠﻋ ﻪﺑ

ﺐﻠﻏا

ﺰﯾر

RNA

نآ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ،ﺎﻫ

ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ

(4)

68 ﻦﯾوﺰﻗ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ هرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺑ لﺎﺳ ، 3 ﯽﭘ رد ﯽﭘ) 86 و دادﺮﻣ ،( ﻬﺷ رﻮﯾﺮ 1395 ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ / يروﺮﻣ

نﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﺴﯾز

ﺮﮔ

ﯽـﺼﯿﺨﺸﺗ

ياﺮـﺑ

ﺑ ﺺﯿﺨـﺸﺗ

رد و مﺎـﮕﻨ

ﻊﻗاﻮﻣ ﯽﺧﺮﺑ

ياﺮﺑ

ﻦﯿﯿﻌﺗ

ﺶﯿﭘ

ﯽﻬﮔآ

ﮏـﻤﮐ يرﺎﻤﯿﺑ

هﺪـﻨﻨﮐ

ﺖﺳا

هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ)

1

.(

) 22 -15 (

ﺰﯾر

RNA

مﺎﯿﭘ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ و ﺎﻫ

:نژورﺪﻧآ هﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ ﯽﻧﺎﺳر

ﻣ ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﺴﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ

ﺛﺆ

دﺮﺒـﺸﯿﭘ و دﺎـﺠﯾا رد ﺮ

تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ

ﺮﯿـﺴﻣ

مﺎـﯿﭘ

ﯽﻧﺎـﺳر

ﻪـﺑ ﻪﺘـﺴﺑاو

هﺪـﻧﺮﯿﮔ

نژورﺪﻧآ

ﺖﺳا

هرﺎﻤﺷ ﻞﮑﺷ)

1(

.

) 23 (

ﺶـﻘﻧ

ﺰـﯾر

RNA

ﺎـﻫ

و

مﺎﯿﭘ

نژورﺪﻧآ هﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ زا ﯽﺷﺎﻧ

ود

ﻪﯾﻮﺳ

ﺖﺳا

؛

ﻪﮐ يﻮﺤﻧ ﻪﺑ

زا ﯽـﺧﺮﺑ

ﺰـﯾر

RNA

ﺎــﻫ

ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ

هﺪــﻧﺮﯿﮔ

ﻢﯿــﻈﻨﺗ نژورﺪـﻧآ

ﯽﻣ

ﻮﺷ

ﻧﺪ

و

لﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ يور ﺮﺑ ﺮﮕﯾد ﯽﺧﺮﺑ

ﻦﯾا رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺮﯿﺴﻣ

ﺗ ﺶﻘﻧ

ﺛﺄ

ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ و راﺬﮔﺮﯿ

هﺪﻨﻨﮐ

دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد و

زا ﯽــﺷﺎﻧ

ــﯿﭘ

مﺎ

هﺪــﻧﺮﯿﮔ ﯽﻧﺎــﺳر

نژورﺪــﻧآ

ﯽــﻤﯿﻈﻨﺗ ﺶــﻘﻧ

.ﺪﻧراد

) 23 (

لﺎﺳ رد

زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺮﯿﺧا يﺎﻫ

،يراوﺮﮑﯿﻣ يروﺎﻨﻓ

ﻊﻣﺎــﺟ نﺎــﯿﺑ

ﺰــﯾر

RNA

ﺎــﻫ

رد

هدر

نﺎﻃﺮــﺳ ﯽﻟﻮﻠــﺳ يﺎــﻫ

تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ

ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺑ

نژورﺪـﻧآ زا ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ و ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو

ﯽـﺳرﺮﺑ

.ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ

ﻦﯾا رد

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

،ﺎﻫ

رد

هدر

ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ يﺎﻫ

هﺪﺷ رﺎﻤﯿﺗ

نژورﺪﻧآ ﺎﺑ

ﯽﻋﻮﻨـﺼﻣ

R1881

،

ﻪـﺑ ﻪﺘـﺴﺑاو نﺎـﯿﺑ ﺶﯾﺰـﻓا

نژورﺪﻧآ

رد

ﺰﯾر

RNA

:ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ﺮﯾز يﺎﻫ

miR-594 ، miR-16 ، 21 29b ، miR-148a ، miR-29c ، miR-106a ، miR-17-5p ، miR-20a ، miR-20b ، miR-29a ، miR-19b ، miR-93 ، Let-7g ، Let-7d

و

miR-125

.

) 24 ( لوﺪﺟ 1 - ﺰﯾر RNA دﺎﺠﯾا ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ رد ﻞﯿﺧد يﺎﻫ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﻞﮑﺷ 1 - ﺶﻘﻧ ﺰﯾر RNA رد ﺎﻫ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ مﺎﯿﭘ ﯽﻧﺎﺳر ﻪﺑ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو هﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ نژورﺪﻧآ ﻊﺟﺮﻣ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ دﺎﺠﯾا ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ رد ﺶﻘﻧ فﺪﻫ نژ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ عﻮﻧ RNAﺰﯾر 15 ﯽﯾازگر رﺎﻬﻣ VEGF-A and FGF2 ﺪﺒﮐ يﺎﻫ(رﻻﻮﻠﺳﻮﺗﺎﭙﻫ )لﻮﻠﺳ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ miR-503

16 ﯽﯾازگر رﺎﻬﻣ HIF-1a, VEGF,HER2,andHER3 ناﺪﻤﺨﺗ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ miR-125b

17 EMT/METﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ ZEB

نﺎﺘﺴﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﻪﻧﺎﺜﻣ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ناﺪﻤﺨﺗ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ

miR-200 family (miR-200a/200b/200c/141/429)

18 EMTﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ Snail, ZNF281, IL-6R لﺎﺘﮐرﻮﻟﻮﮐ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ miR-34a

19 EMTﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ Notch and IGF1R هﺪﻌﻣ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ MiR-503

20 ﯽﻧﻮﻠﮐ ﻞﯿﮑﺸﺗ و ﻢﺟﺎﻬﺗ ،تﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ SOX4, TNC نﺎﺘﺴﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ miR-335

21 تﺮﺟﺎﻬﻣ Notch3, CDK4, Cyclin D ﺎﻣﻮﻧﻮﻠﻣ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ miR-206

(5)

ﺰﯾر

RNA

مﺎﯿﭘ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ و ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻧﺎﺳر

PTEN/Akt

:

يﺎﻫﺮﯿﺴﻣ زا ﺮﮕﯾد ﯽﮑﯾ

ﻢﻬﻣ

تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ رد

ﻪـﺑ

عﻮــﻧ صﻮــﺼﺧ

،نآ ﯽﻧﻮــﻣرﻮﻫ نﺎــﻣرد ﻪــﺑ موﺎــﻘﻣ

ﺮﯿــﺴﻣ

ﺪﯿﺘﯾزﻮﻨﯾاﻮﻔـــﺴﻓ

3

-ﺎـــﻨﯿﮐ

ز

(PI3K)

.ﺖـــﺳا

) 25 ( PTEN

ﻦﯿـﻟوا ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا يزﺎﺗﺎﻔﺴﻓ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ﯽﻨﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ

ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ

ﯽـﻓﺮﻌﻣ رﻮـﻣﻮﺗ هﺪـﻨﻨﮐرﺎﻬﻣ و ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﻦﯾا ﯽﻔﻨﻣ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ

ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﯽﭙﮐ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﻪﺑ ﻪﮐ ﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﻪﻧﻮﮔﺮﻫ .ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ

PTEN

ﯽﻣ دﻮﺷ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ

ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ

ﺮﯿﺴﻣ دﺮﮑﻠﻤﻋ

ﺪﯿﺘﯾزﻮﻨﯾاﻮﻔـﺴﻓ

3

-ﺎﻨﯿﮐ

ز

و ﺮـﯿﺜﮑﺗ ،ﯽﻟﻮﻠـﺳ ﻪﺧﺮﭼ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ رد و

گر

ار ﯽـﯾاز

ﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﺑ و ﺪﻫد ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا

لﻮﻠـﺳ يﺎـﻘﺑ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ گﺮﻣ ﺶ

.دﻮﺷ

ﮏﯿﺗﺎﻣﻮﺳ ﺶﻬﺟ

PTEN

نﺎﻃﺮـﺳ رد

يﺎـﻫ

ﯽﻧﺎـﺴﻧا

يدﺪﻌﺘﻣ

ﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا

.ﺖـﺳا هﺪـﺷ شراﺰـﮔ تﺎﺘـﺳوﺮ

فﺬﺣ ﻪﭼﺮﮔا

ﺶـﻬﺟ و ﺎﻫ

نژ رد هداد خر يﺎـﻫ

PTEN

رد

30

ﺖــﻓﺎﺑ ﺪـﺻرد

نﺎﻃﺮــﺳ ﻪــﯿﻟوا ﻞــﺣاﺮﻣ زا ﻞـﺻﺎﺣ يﺎــﻫ

و تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ

63

ﺖﻓﺎﺑ ﺪﺻرد

و ﯽﯾﺎـﻬﺘﻧا ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺖـﺳد

يزاﺪﻧا

يﺮـﮕﯾد ﻞـﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﺑ هزوﺮﻣا ﯽﻟو ،ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ

ﺰﯾر نﻮﭼ

RNA

ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺰﯿﻧ ﺎﻫ

هﺪﻨﻨﮐ

زا ﺲـﭘ يﺎـﻫ

ﻪﻤﺟﺮﺗ

PTEN

.ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هرﺎﺷا

) 25 و 26 (

لﺎﺳ رد

2007

،

miR-21

ﺰـﯾر ﻦﯿـﻟوا ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ

RNA

فﺪــﻫ ﻪــﮐ ﺪــﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨــﺷ

نآ ﻢﯿﻘﺘــﺴﻣ

PTEN

رد و دﻮــﺑ

نﺎﻃﺮﺳ

لﻮﻠﺳ

و يﺪـﺒﮐ يﺎﻫ

هدر

نآ ﻂﺒﺗﺮـﻣ ﯽﻟﻮﻠـﺳ يﺎـﻫ

.ﺪﺷ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ

) 27 (

هدر ﺮﺑ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺎﺑ نارﺎﮑﻤﻫ و ﻮﯿﻟ

ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ يﺎﻫ

تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣ

DU145

ﻪـﺑ ﯽﻬﺑﺎـﺸﻣ ﺞﯾﺎـﺘﻧ ،

.ﺪـﻧدروآ ﺖﺳد

) 28 (

ﯽـﻃ ﻦﯿـﻨﭽﻤﻫ

ﺮـﮕﯾد ﻖـﯿﻘﺤﺗ ﮏـﯾ

miR-19 ، miR-23b ، miR-26b

و

miR-92a

ﻪـــــﺑ

ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ ناﻮﻨﻋ

هﺪﻨﻨﮐ

نﺎـﯿﺑ ﺢﻄـﺳ يﺎﻫ

PTEN

رد

هدر

يﺎـﻫ

ﺰـﯾر ﻦﯾا .ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﯽﻓﺮﻌﻣ تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ

RNA

ﺎـﻫ

راﺮﻗ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺪﻧردﺎﻗ

نداد

PTEN

ﯽﺘـﺳد ﻦﯿﯾﺎـﭘ فاﺪـﻫا و

نآ

ﻦﯿﻠﮑﯾﺎﺳ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ

D1

،

و ﺮـﯿﺜﮑﺗ ﺖﻤـﺳ ﻪﺑ ار ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ

دﺎﺠﯾا

.ﺪﻨﻨﮐ ﺖﯾاﺪﻫ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ

) 29 (

ﺰﯾر

RNA

مﺎﯿﭘ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ و ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻧﺎﺳر

MAPK/ERK

:

مﺎﯿﭘ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ

نژﻮـﺘﯿﻣ ﺎـﺑ هﺪﺷ لﺎﻌﻓ زﺎﻨﯿﮐ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﯽﻧﺎﺳر

(Mitogen-activated protein kinase, MAPK)

ﻪﺑ

يﺎﻫﺮﯿـﺴﻣ زا ﯽﮑﯾ ناﻮﻨﻋ

دﺎـﺠﯾا رد ﻞـﯿﺧد ﯽﻟﻮﻠـﺳ نورد

نﺎﻃﺮـﺳ

.ﺖـﺳا هﺪـﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷ ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎـﻫ

ﺮﯿـﺴﻣ ﻦـﯾا

مﺎﯿﭘ

ﺘﻨﮐ رد ﯽﻧﺎﺳر

دﺎﺠﯾا و لﻮﻠﺳ دﺪﻌﺘﻣ يﺎﻫﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ لﺮ

هﺪﻨﻨﮐ

،ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﺮﯿﺜﮑﺗ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ

يﺎـﻘﺑ ،ﯽﻟﻮﻠـﺳ ﻪـﺧﺮﭼ ﻢﯿـﻈﻨﺗ

گر ،لﻮﻠــﺳ

ﯽﻟﻮﻠــﺳ تﺮﺟﺎــﻬﻣ و ﯽــﯾاز

ﺮﯿﺛﺄﺗ

.ﺖــﺳا راﺬــﮔ

لﺎﻌﻓ

يﺎﻫﺪـﻧﺎﮕﯿﻟ لﺎـﺼﺗا ﺎﺑ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﻦﯾا يزﺎﺳ

ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻂﺒﺗﺮـﻣ

هﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺪﺷر ﻞﻣﺎﻋ

ﺢﻄﺳ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﯽﯾﺎﺸﻏ ﻦﯾزوﺮﯿﺗ يﺎﻫ

و زﺎﻏآ لﻮﻠﺳ

ﺐﺒﺳ

ﺖﻔﺟ

هﺪﻧﺮﯿﮔ نﺪﺷ ﻪﻠﯾﺮﻔﺴﻓ و

ﯽﻣ

.دﻮﺷ

ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮﭘ ﺲﭙﺳ

2

ﻋ هﺪـﻧﺮﯿﮔ ﻪـﺑ هﺪﻧﻮـﺷ ﻞـﺼﺘﻣ

ﻞـﻣ

ﺪـﺷر

(Grb2)

نآ لﺎﺒﻧد ﻪﺑ و

ﺾﯾﻮﻌﺗ ﻦﯿﺗوﺮﭘ ﮏﯾ

ﻦﯿﻧاﻮـﮔ هﺪﻨﻨﮐ

(SOS)

ﯽﻣ هﺪﻧاﻮﺧاﺮﻓ

.ﺪﻧﻮﺷ

لﺎﻌﻓ رﺎﺸﺑآ

ﺚﻋﺎﺑ يزﺎﺳ

لﺎـﻌﻓ

ــــ

نﺪ

Ras ، Raf ، Mek

و

ERK

ﯽﻣ

ـــ

.دﻮ

ERK

ﺐﺒـﺳ و دراو ﻪﺘـﺴﻫ ﻞﺧاد ﻪﺑ ﻪﻠﯾﺮﻔﺴﻓ

و نﺪـﺷ ﻪﻠﯾﺮﻔـﺴﻓ

لﺎﻌﻓ

ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ يزﺎﺳ

ﻪﺑ و ﯽﺴﯾﻮﻧور

ﺰﯾﺎـﻤﺗ و ﺮـﯿﺜﮑﺗ نآ لﺎﺒﻧد

ﯽﻣ لﻮﻠﺳ

.دﻮﺷ

) 30 (

ﺰـﯿﻧ تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ رد

ﺮﯾﺎـﺳ ﺪـﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ

نﺎﻃﺮﺳ

مﺎـﯿﭘ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ نﺎﯿﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺎﻫ

زﺎـﻨﯿﮐ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮـﭘ ﯽﻧﺎـﺳر

لﻮـﻤﻌﻣ رﻮـﻃ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﮐ هﺪـﺷ شراﺰﮔ نژﻮﺘﯿﻣ ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ لﺎﻌﻓ

ﻦﯾا ﯽﻧﺎﯿﺑ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ

مﺎﯿﭘ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﯽﻧﺎﯿﺑ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ

ﯽﻧﺎـﺳر

ﺪﯿﺘﯾزﻮﻨﯾاﻮﻔﺴﻓ

3

ﺎـﻨﯿﮐ

ز

/

زﺎـﻨﯿﮐ ﻦﯿﺌﺗوﺮـﭘ

B

هدﻮـﺑ هاﺮـﻤﻫ

ﺖﺳا

.

) 31 (

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﺎـﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ

هداد ن

ﺪـﻧا

miR-143

ﮏـﯾ ﻪـﮐ

نﺎـﯿﺑ ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ رد ﺖﺳا رﻮﻣﻮﺗ هﺪﻨﻨﮐرﺎﻬﻣ

نآ فﺪﻫ نﺎﯿﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا ﺐﺒﺳ و دراد

،

ERK5

ﯽﻣ

رد و دﻮﺷ

ﯽﻤﺟﺎـﻬﺗ رﺎﺘﻓر و ﺮﯿﺜﮑﺗ ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ لﻮﻠﺳ ﺖﯾﺎﻬﻧ

ﯽـﻣ

.دور

) 31 (

ﻖﯿﻘﺤﺗ

هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ

مﺎـﯿﭘ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ﻦﯾا ﺪﻧا

ﻞـﺣاﺮﻣ رد ﯽﻧﺎـﺳر

ﻪﯿﻟوا

45

ﻪﺘﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ رد و ﺪﺻرد

90

تاﺮـﯿﯿﻐﺗ ﺪـﺻرد

نﺎﺸﻧ دﻮﺧ زا ﯽﻧﺎﯿﺑ

ﯽﻣ

ﻫد

ﺪ.

) 32 (

ﺰﯾر

RNA

مﺎﯿﭘ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ و ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻧﺎﺳر

WNT

:

مﺎﯿﭘ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﺴﻣ زا ﺮﮕﯾد ﯽﮑﯾ

ﺮﺛﺆـﻣ ﯽﻧﺎـﺳر

نﺎﻃﺮـﺳ رد

ﺮﯿﺴﻣ تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ

wnt

.ﺖﺳا

ﻢﻫ ﺮﺛا

ﺰﻓا

ﻪـﺑ ﺮﯿـﺴﻣ ﻦـﯾا ﯽـﯾا

مﺎﯿﭘ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ هاﺮﻤﻫ

ﯽﻧﺎﺳر

Ras

رد

ـﺸﯿﭘ

ﯽﯾﺎـﻬﺘﻧا ﻞـﺣاﺮﻣ دﺮﺒ

نﺎــﯿﺑ ﺶﯾاﺰــﻓا ﺎــﺑ تﺎﺘــﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮــﺳ

نژ

ﺪــﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﯽﯾﺎــﻫ

ژﺎﻧﮋﯿﺴﮐاﻮﻠﮑﯿﺳ

-2

و

c-Myc

.ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ

) 33 (

نﺎـﯿ

مﺎﯿﭘ يﺎﺠﺑﺎﻧ

ﯽﻧﺎـﺳر

wnt

يراﺪـﯾﺎﭘ ﺐﺒـﺳ

B-Catenin

و

نآ دورو

ﻪـــﻋﻮﻤﺠﻣ ،نآ لﺎـــﺒﻧد ﻪـــﺑ و ﻪﺘـــﺴﻫ ﻪـــﺑ ﺎـــﻫ

B-catenin-TCF/LEF

نژ زا ﯽﺴﯾﻮﻧور ﺐﺒﺳ

فﺪﻫ يﺎﻫ

(6)

70 ﻦﯾوﺰﻗ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ هرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺑ لﺎﺳ ، 3 ﯽﭘ رد ﯽﭘ) 86 و دادﺮﻣ ،( ﻬﺷ رﻮﯾﺮ 1395 ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ / يروﺮﻣ

ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ دﻮﺧ

c-MYC

،

c-jun

،

ﻦﯿﻠﮑﯾﺎﺳ

D1

و

يﺮﺗﺎﻣ

ﻦﯾﺰﯾﻻ

وﺮﭘﻮﻟﺎﺘﻣ

ﯽﻣ ﺎﻫزﺎﻨﯿﺌﺗ

.دﻮﺷ

ﻖـﯿﻘﺤ

ﺎـﻫ

هداد نﺎـﺸﻧ

نﺎـﯿﺑ ﺪـﻧا

MiR-34a

رد

هدر

ﯽﻟﻮﻠــــﺳ يﺎــــﻫ

PC-3

ﻂﯾاﺮــــﺷ رد

،ﯽﻫﺎﮕﺸﯾﺎﻣزآ

ﮑﺗ

ﯿﺜ

ﻢﺟﺎﻬﺗ و ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ ﺮ

ﻒﻗﻮﺘﻣ ار

لﻮﻠـﺳ و

ﺎـﻫ

ار

ﺖﻤﺳ ﻪﺑ

ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ گﺮﻣ

ﯽـﻣ ﺶﯿـﭘ

.دﺮـﺑ

) 33 (

ﻦﯿـﻨﭽﻤﻫ

رد

ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

ﺮﮕﯾد

miR-320

ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ

ﻢﯿـﻈﻨﺗ زا ﯽﮑﯾ

هﺪﻨﻨﮐ

يﺎﻫ

ﺮﯿﺴﻣ

wnt/b-catenin

ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

هﺪﺷ

ا

ﺖﺳ

.

) 34 (

ﺰﯾر

RNA

مﺎﯿﭘ ﺮﯿﺴﻣ و ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻧﺎﺳر

p53

:

p53

رﻮﻣﻮﺗ هﺪﻨﻨﮐرﺎﻬﻣ ﮏﯾ

ﺖـﺳا

زا ﺶﯿـﺑ رد ﻪـﮐ

50

ﺪﺻرد

ﺎﻫرﻮﻣﻮﺗ عاﻮﻧا

،

ﺎﯾ ﺶﻬﺟ

زا ﺶﯿﺑ رد و ﯽﻧژ فﺬ

80

ﺪﺻرد

ﺎﻫرﻮﻣﻮﺗ

،

ﺮﺑ

ﺮﯿﺴﻣ ندرﻮﺧ ﻢﻫ

مﺎﯿﭘ

ﯽﻧﺎﺳر

شراﺰـﮔ نآ

.ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ

) 35 (

ﻌﻟﺎﻄ

ﺎﻫ

هداد نﺎﺸﻧ

ﺪﻧا

p53

يﺎـﻘﻟا ﻪـﺑ ردﺎﻗ

نﺎﯿﺑ

ﺰﯾر

RNA

ﺎﻫ

رد ﻪﮐ ﺖﺳا ﯽ

ﺪـﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

ﻒـﻗﻮﺗ

ﯽﻟﻮﻠـﺳ

و

ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ گﺮﻣ

لﻮﻠﺳ هﺪﺷ يﺰﯾر

ﺪﻧراد ﺶﻘﻧ

ﯽﻣ ﻪﮐ

نآ زا ناﻮﺗ

ﻪﺑ

ﻪﺷﻮﺧ

miR-15a/16-1 ، miR-145 ، miR-34

و

Let-7

.دﺮﮐ هرﺎﺷا

) 36 (

ﺰﯾر

RNA

:نﺪﺑ تﺎﻌﯾﺎﻣ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ

زا

آن

ﺎﺟ

ﻪﮐ

ﺰﯾر

RNA

ﯽﮑﭼﻮـﮐ هزاﺪﻧا و هﺎﺗﻮﮐ ﯽﻟاﻮﺗ ﺎﻫ

،ﺪﻧراد

ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ رد ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ

ﺮﺛا

ﻢﯾﺰﻧآ

ﻪﯾﺰﺠﺗ

هﺪـﻨﻨﮐ

RNA

موﺎـﻘﻣ

ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ

و

زا

ﺰﯾر

RNA

ﺖﻓﺎﺑ و مﺮﺳ رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ

ناﻮﺗ

ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ

ﺖﺴﯾز

نﺎـﺸﻧ

ﺮـﮔ

ﺮـﮐ هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا

) 37 (

ﻦﯿـﻨﭽﻤﻫ

زا

راردا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

ﺖـﻬﺟ تﺎﺘـﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﻼﺘـﺒﻣ نارﺎـﻤﯿﺑ

زا ﯽﺧﺮﺑ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ نﺎﯿﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

ﺰـﯾر

RNA

ﺎـﺑ ﻂﺒﺗﺮـﻣ يﺎـﻫ

هﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ

ﺖﺳا

ﮏـﯾ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﮐ

ﯽﻤﺟﺎﻬﺗﺮﯿﻏ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ

ﻪﺑ

ﺶﯿﺑ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ

ﺮـﺗ

زﺎـﯿﻧ ي

دراد

)

لوﺪـﺟ

هرﺎﻤﺷ

2

.(

) 38 و 40 (

ﺶﯿﭘ يﺎﻫﺮﯿﻣ

بﻮﮐﺮﺳ /هﺪﻧﺮﺑ

:رﻮﻣﻮﺗ ﺮﮔ

ﺰــﯾر

RNA

ﺎــﻫ

سﺎــﺳاﺮﺑ ار

دﺮــﮑﻠﻤﻋ و نﺎــﯿﺑ تاﺮــﯿﯿﻐﺗ

ﯽﻣ

ناﻮـﺗ

هوﺮـﮔ ود ﻪـﺑ

دﺮـﮐ ﻢﯿـﺴﻘﺗ

هوﺮـﮔ :

لوا

يﺎـﻫﺮﯿﻣ

(ﺮﯿﻣﻮﮑﻧا) نژﻮﮑﻧا

ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ

ﯽـﻣ ﻪﮐ

ﮏـﯾ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﺪـﻨﻧاﻮﺗ

ﺶﯿﭘ

رﻮﻣﻮﺗ هﺪﻧﺮﺑ

ﮐ ﻞﻤﻋ

ﺪﻨﻨ

ﮏﯾ رﺎﻬﻣ ﺐﺒﺳ و

بﻮﮐﺮﺳ

ﺮـﮔ

رﻮﻣﻮﺗ

ﺪﻧﻮﺷ

.

نﺎﯿﺑ

ﺰـﯾر ﻦﯾا

RNA

ﺶﯾاﺰـﻓا نﺎﻃﺮـﺳ رد ﺎـﻫ

ﺰﯾر ،ﺮﮕﯾد هوﺮﮔ .دراد

RNA

بﻮﮐﺮﺳ يﺎﻫ

ﺪﻨﺘـﺴﻫ رﻮﻣﻮﺗ ﺮﮔ

ﻪﮐ

نﺎﯿﺑ

نآ

ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ ﺶﻫﺎﮐ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ رد

ﺪﺑﺎﯾ

و

ﻪﺑ

رﻮﻃ

لﻮﻤﻌﻣ

ﻋﺎﺑ

ﯽﻔﻨﻣ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ

نژ

ﺶﯿﭘ يﺎﻫ

رﻮـﻣﻮﺗ هﺪﻧﺮﺑ

نژ ﺎـﯾ

يﺎـﻫ

ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ گﺮﻣ هﺪﻨﻨﮐرﺎﻬﻣ

ﯽﻣ

ﺰﯾر ﻦﯾا .ﺪﻧﻮﺷ

RNA

ﺖـﺤﺗ ﺎـﻫ

ناﻮﻨﻋ

TSmiRs

ﯽﻣ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

ﻮﺷ

ﻧﺪ

.

) 41 ( لوﺪﺟ 2 - ﺰﯾر RNA نﺎﻃﺮﺳ رد ﺮﮕﻧﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﺴﯾز ﺖﯿﻠﺑﺎﻗ ﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ ﻊﺟاﺮﻣ ﯽﻨﯿﻟﺎﺑ ﺖﯿﻤﻫا تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ رد ﺶﻘﻧ هﺎﮕﯾﺎﺟ نﺎﯿﺑ تاﺮﯿﯿﻐﺗ هﺪﺷ ﯽﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ RNAﺰﯾر 38 ﯽﻬﮔآﺶﯿﭘ رﻮﻣﻮﺗ هﺪﻧﺮﺑﺶﯿﭘ 17q23.1 ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا هﺪﺷ ﻪﻨﯿﻓارﺎﭘ ﺖﻓﺎﺑو مﺮﺳ MiR-21 38 ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ رﻮﻣﻮﺗ ﺮﮔبﻮﮐﺮﺳ 1p31.3/9p24.1 ﺶﻫﺎﮐ هﺪﺷ ﻪﻨﯿﻓارﺎﭘ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ MiR-101 38 ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ رﻮﻣﻮﺗهﺪﻧﺮﺑﺶﯿﭘ 2q35 ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا هﺪﺷ ﻪﻨﯿﻓارﺎﭘ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ MiR-375 38 ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ رﻮﻣﻮﺗ ﺮﮔبﻮﮐﺮﺳ 1q32.2 ﺶﻫﺎﮐ راردا MiR-205 38 ﯽﻬﮔآﺶﯿﭘ رﻮﻣﻮﺗ ﺮﮔبﻮﮐﺮﺳ 20q13.33/18q11.2 ﺶﻫﺎﮐ هﺪﺷ ﺰﯾﺮﻓ هزﺎﺗ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ MiR-1 38،39 ﯽﻬﮔآﺶﯿﭘ /ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ رﻮﻣﻮﺗ ﺮﮔبﻮﮐﺮﺳ 5q32 ﺶﻫﺎﮐ هﺪﺷ ﻪﻨﯿﻓارﺎﭘ ﺖﻓﺎﺑ MiR-143 40 ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ رﻮﻣﻮﺗ ﺮﮔبﻮﮐﺮﺳ 10q23.31 ﺶﻫﺎﮐ راردا MiR-107

(7)

ﻪﺠﯿﺘﻧ و ﺚﺤﺑ

:يﺮﯿﮔ

نآ زا

نژ ﻪــﮐ ﺎــﺟ

ﻞﮑــﺷ رد يدﺪــﻌﺘﻣ يﺎــﻫ

و يﺮــﯿﮔ

و ﺪﻧراد ﺶﻘﻧ تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ

ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ

ﺶـﻘﻧ

ﺰــﯾر ﯽــﻤﯿﻈﻨﺗ

RNA

نژ رد ﺎــﻫ

ﺨﻣ يﺎــﻫ

ﻒــﻠ

رد ﻞــﯿﺧد

ﺪﻨﯾاﺮﻓ

دﺪﻌﺘﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﯽﺘـﺴﯾز

)

،ﯽﻟﻮﻠـﺳ ﻪـﺧﺮﭼ ،ﺮـﯿﺜﮑﺗ

گﺮـﻣ

ﯽﻟﻮﻠﺳ

و

لﺎـﯿﻠﺘﯿﭘا لﺎﻘﺘﻧا

-

(ﯽﻤﯿـﺸﻧاﺰﻣ

ﻦـﯾا

رﻮـﺼﺗ ﻦﯿـﻨﭼ

ﯽﻣ

دﻮﺷ

ﻪﮐ

ﺰﯾر

RNA

ياراد ﺎﻫ

ﺗﻮ

ـﻧا

ﯽﯾﺎ

نﺎـﺸﻧ ﺖـﺴﯾز

ﺮـﮔ

ﺮﻃ و ﯽﺼﯿﺨﺸﺗ

ﯽـﺣا

نﺎﻃﺮـﺳ نﺎـﻣرد رد وراد

.ﺪﻨﺘـﺴﻫ ﺎـﻫ

ﻦﯿﻨﭽﻤﻫ

ﺶﻘﻧ ﻞﯿﻟد ﻪﺑ

ﺰﯾر

RNA

يﺎﻫﺮﯿـﺴﻣ ﻢﯿﻈﻨﺗ رد ﺎﻫ

مﺎﯿﭘ

ﯽﻧﺎﺳر

دﺪﻌﺘﻣ

رد ﻞﯿﺧد

تﺎﺘـﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ

،

ﺎـﺑ

ﯽـﺣاﺮﻃ

وراد

ﯽﻣ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ ي

ﺰﯾر نﺎﯿﺑ ﻞﯾﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺑ ناﻮﺗ

RNA

ﻪـﺠﯿﺘﻧ رد و

مﺎــﯿﭘ ﺮﯿــﺴﻣ رد نآ زا ﻞــﺻﺎﺣ ﺪــﻣﺎﯿﭘ

ﯽﻧﺎــﺳر

ﮏــﻤﮐ

.دﺮــﮐ

ﺰﯾر

RNA

ﺎﻫ

شور ﻪـﺑ دﻮـﺧ دﺮـﮑﻠﻤﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ

يﺎـﻫ

ﺗوﺎـــﻔﺘﻣ

رد

ﯽـــﺣاﺮﻃ

وراد

ﻪـــﺑ

ﯽـــﻣ رﺎـــﮐ

.ﺪـــﻧور

) 42 و 43 (

ﺰﯾر

RNA

رد رﻮﻣﻮﺗ هﺪﻨﻨﮐرﺎﻬﻣ يﺎﻫ

ﺮﺜﮐا

نﺎﻃﺮﺳ

ﺶﻫﺎﮐ ﺎﻫ

ﺪــﻧراد نﺎــﯿﺑ

،

شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا ﺎــﺑ ﻦﯾاﺮﺑﺎــﻨﺑ

يﺎــﺟ

ﯽــﻨﯾﺰﮔ

ﺰﯾر

RNA

ﺎﯾ

ﺰﯾر ﺪﯿﻠﻘﺗ

RNA

ﯽﻣ

نآ نﺎﯿﺑ ناﻮﺗ

ار ﺎﻫ

ﺶﯾاﺰﻓا

.داد

) 44 (

ﺰﯾر

RNA

ﺮﯿﻣﻮﮑﻧا يﺎﻫ

ﺶﯿﭘ

هﺪﻧﺮﺑ

ﺶﯾاﺰـﻓا ياراد و

رد نﺎﯿﺑ

نﺎﻃﺮﺳ

و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ

زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎـﺑ

ﻢـﺴﯿﻧﻮﮔﺎﺘﻧآ

يﺎـﻫ

ﺰﯾر

RNA

ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻣ

نآ نﺎﯿﺑ حﻮﻄﺳ ناﻮﺗ

ار ﺎﻫ

داد ﺶﻫﺎـﮐ

ـﺑ .

ﯽﻣ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻦﯾا

ﺐﯿﮐﺮﺗ زا ناﻮﺗ

يﺎﻫ

ياراد

اﺛ

ﯽﮔﺪـﻨﻨﮐرﺎﻬﻣ ﺮ

ﺎﺑ ﯽﺘﺑﺎﻗر

ﺰﯾر

RNA

ﺎﻫ

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا

ﺎﺑ ﺎﯾ دﺮﮐ

دﺮﺑرﺎﮐ

لﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ

يﺎﻫ

RNA

ﻪــﻠﺧاﺪﻣ

ﺮــﮔ

ﮏــﭼﻮﮐ

(siRNA)

ﺖــﯿﻟﺎﻌﻓ زا ﻊﻧﺎــﻣ

ﺰﯾر

RNA

درﻮﻣ

.ﺪﺷ ﺮﻈﻧ

) 45 (

ﯽﻃ

ﺖﻓﺮﺸﯿﭘ

ﺖـﺳد ﻪـﺑ يﺎـﻫ

رد هﺪﻣآ

ﻪﻧﺎﻣﺎﺳ

ﺶﯿـﺑ ﺖﯿﺳﺎﺴﺣ و ﯽﮔﮋﯾو ﺎﺑ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا يﺎﻫ

ﺮـﺗ

موزﻮﭙﯿﻟ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ

ـﮐ ﻦﯿـﻨﭽﻤﻫ و تارذﻮﻧﺎـﻧ ﺎـﯾ

دﺮﺑر

ﮐﺮﺗ

ﺐﯿ

ﺶﯿﺑ يراﺪﯾﺎﭘ ﺎﺑ ﯽﯾﺎﻫ

ﺮـﺗ

،

هزﺎـﺗ يﺎﻫﺪـﯿﻣا

ﺖـﻬﺟ يا

نﺎﻣرد

نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﻦﯾﻮﻧ يﺎﻫ

ﺎﻫ

)

تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا

(

ﺎـﺑ

ا

ﺰﯾر زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳ

RNA

.ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﻞﮑﺷ ﺎﻫ

ﯽﻃ

ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

لﺎـﺳ زا هﺪـﺷ مﺎـﺠﻧا يﺎﻫ

2002

ﺎـﺗ

نﻮﻨﮐ

ﺰﯾر

RNA

ﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ

نﺎﻃﺮـﺳ ﺶﯾاﺪـﯿﭘ رد ﯽ

ﺎـﻫ

ﻪـﻠﻤﺟ زا

تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ

هﺪـﺷ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺮﺛﺆﻣ

ﺪـﻧا

.

) 45 (

ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ

ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ

ﺰـﯾر ﻖـﯿﻗد

RNA

ﺎـﻫ

شور زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎـﺑ

يﺎـﻫ

نآ يراﺪﯾﺎﭘ و ﯽﻟﻮﮑﻟﻮﻣ

ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﺎﻫ

،ﯽﺘـﺴﯾز ﻒـﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎـﻫ

ﺰﯾر ناﺪﻨﻤﺸﻧاد

RNA

ار ﺎﻫ

ﻪﻨﯾﺰﮔ

ﺖﻬﺟ ﯽﺒﺳﺎﻨﻣ

رد ﮏـﻤﮐ

نﺎــﻣرد و ﺺﯿﺨــﺸﺗ

تﺎﺘــﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮــﺳ

ﺮﯾﺎــﺳ رﺎــﻨﮐ رد

نﻮــﻣزآ

ﯽــﺼﯿﺨﺸﺗ يﺎــﻫ

لواﺪــﺘﻣ ﯽﻧﺎــﻣرد و

،

ﯽــﻓﺮﻌﻣ

هدﺮﮐ

ﻧا

.ﺪ

) 46 (

ﻖﯿﻗد ﺺﯿﺨﺸﺗ هﺪﻨﯾآ رد ﺖﺳا ﺪﯿﻣا

نﺎﻣرد و ﺮﺗ

ﺮﺗﺪﻣآرﺎﮐ

ار تﺎﺘﺳوﺮﭘ نﺎﻃﺮﺳ

ﺰﯾر ﮏﻤﮐ ﺎﺑ

RNA

ﺪﻫﺎـﺷ ﺎﻫ

.ﻢﯿﺷﺎﺑ

:ﻊﺟاﺮﻣ

1. Chen R, Ren Sh, Yiu MK, Fai NC, Cheng WS, Ian LH, et al. Prostate cancer in Asia: A collaborative report. Asian Journal of Urology 2014 Oct; 1 (1): 15-29. doi: org/10. 1016/j.ajur.2014.08.007

2. Siegel R, Ma J, Zou Z, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2014. CA Cancer J Clin 2014 Jan-Feb; 64 (1): 9-29.

3. Hosseini M, SeyedAlinaghi S, Mahmoudi M, McFarland W. A case-control study of risk factors for prostate cancer in Iran. Acta Med Iran 2010 Jan-Feb; 48 (1): 61-6.

4. Daniyal M, Siddiqui ZA, Akram M, Asif HM, Sultana S, Khan A. Epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15 (22): 9575-8.

5. Leitzmann MF, Rohrmann S. Risk factors for the onset of prostatic cancer: age, location, and behavioral correlates. Clin Epidemiol 2012; 4: 1-11. doi: 10.2147/CLEP. S16747.

6. Center MM, Jemal A, Lortet-Tieulent J, Ward E, Ferlay J, Brawley O, et al. International variation in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates. Eur Urol 2012 Jun; 61 (6): 1079-92. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo. 2012.02.054.

7. Hessels D, Schalken JA. Urinary biomarkers for prostate cancer: a review. Asian J Androl 2013 May; 15 (3): 333-9. doi: 10.1038/aja.2013.6.

(8)

72 ﻦﯾوﺰﻗ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ هرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺑ لﺎﺳ ، 3 ﯽﭘ رد ﯽﭘ) 86 و دادﺮﻣ ،( ﻬﺷ رﻮﯾﺮ 1395 ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ / يروﺮﻣ

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74 ﻦﯾوﺰﻗ ﯽﮑﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﯽﻤﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ هرﺎﻤﺷ ،ﻢﺘﺴﯿﺑ لﺎﺳ ، 3 ﯽﭘ رد ﯽﭘ) 86 و دادﺮﻣ ،( ﻬﺷ رﻮﯾﺮ 1395 ﻪﻟﺎﻘﻣ / يروﺮﻣ

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References

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