TechRef Shunt

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DIgSILENT PowerFactory

Technical Reference Documentation

Filter/Shunt

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Heinrich-Hertz-Str. 9 72810 - Gomaringen Germany T: +49 7072 9168 0 F: +49 7072 9168 88 http://www.digsilent.de [email protected] Version: 2016 Edition: 1

Copyright © 2016, DIgSILENT GmbH. Copyright of this document belongs to DIgSILENT GmbH. No part of this document may be reproduced, copied, or transmitted in any form, by any means electronic or mechanical, without the prior written permission of DIgSILENT GmbH.

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1 General Description

1.1 R-L Shunt

The R-L shunt is a reactance/inductivity and a resistance in series. To define the reactance/inductivity and the resistance there are two input modes:

a) Design Parameter: the parameter are defined with the rated reactive power or the rated cur-rent and a quality factor

b) Layout Parameter: the parameter are defined with the reactance or inductivity and the resis-tance in Ohm

1.1.1 Common Relations

Relation between the reactance Xreaand the inductivity Lrea

The inductivity Lreais calculated:

Lrea=

Xrea

2 · π · fnom

· 1000 Indutivity in mH

Xrea: Reactance in Ohm

fnom: Nominal Frequency in Hz of the grid

1.1.2 Technology: 3PH-‘D’

Model

Figure 1.1: Model for the ABC-’D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground

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susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS. Xrea, Rrea<-> Qrearelation

Xrea= 3 · U2 nom Qrea and Rrea= Xrea qfrea in Ohm

Unom: Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV

Qrea: Rated Reactive Power, L in Mvar

qf rea: Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is

set to zero (=0)

Qrea, Irea<-> relation

The relation between the reactive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, L in A is the following: Qrea= Irea· √ 3 · Unom 1000 in Mvar

Irea: Rated Current, L in A

1.1.3 Technology: 3PH-‘YN’, 3PH-‘Y’

Model

Figure 1.2: Models for the 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ technology

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option: External Star Point) and to setup if the internal grounding impedance star point is ‘con-nected’, ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ or ‘disconnected’. For a ‘connected’ star point a grounding reactance (Xe) and grounding resistance (Re) in Ohm is considered. For a ‘disconnected’ inter-nal star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). For the ABC-‘Y’ technology it’s further possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS. Xrea, Rrea<-> Qrearelation

Xrea= 3 · U2 nom Qrea and Rrea= Xrea qfrea in Ohm

set to zero (=0)

The relation between the reactive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, L in A is the following: Qrea= Irea· √ 3 · Unom 1000 in Mvar

1.1.4 Technology: 2PH-‘YN’

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Figure 1.3: Model for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology

For the 2PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable option: External Star Point). For a ‘connected’ or ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ internal star point grounding reactance (Xe) and a grounding resistance (Re) is considered. For a ‘disconnected’ star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point).

Xrea, Rrea<-> Qrearelation

Xrea= 2 · U2 nom 3 · Qrea and Rrea= Xrea qfrea

in Ohm for standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems

Xrea=

U_nom2 2 · Qrea

in Ohm for BI/DUAL phase systems

set to zero (=0)

The relation between the reactive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, L in A is the following:

Qrea=

2 · Irea· Unom

√

3 · 1000 in Mvar for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems

Qrea=

Irea· Unom

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1.1.5 Technology: 1PH PH-PH

Model

Figure 1.4: Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology

The 1PH PH-PH model is a single phase shunt connected between two phases (A-B, B-C or A-C). Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground Bg in µS.

Xrea= U2 nom Qrea and Rrea= Xrea qfrea in Ohm

set to zero (=0)

Qrea=

Irea· Unom

1000 in Mvar

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1.1.6 Technology: 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N

Model

Figure 1.5: Model for the 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N technology

The 1PH PH-E technology can be used as grounding resistance, reactance to ground e.g. the neutral wire or a transformer star point.

Xrea= U2 nom 3 · Qrea and Rrea= Xrea qfrea

Xrea=

Unom2

4 · Qrea

set to zero (=0)

Qrea=

Irea· Unom

√

Qrea=

Irea· Unom

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1.1.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’

Model

Figure 1.6: Model for the 2PH-‘Y’ technology

The 2PH-‘Y’ model is a two phase shunt connected at two phases (A or B and B or C) it is not recommended to connect the second phase at the neutral phase. Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground Bg in µS.

Xrea= U2 nom 2 · Qrea and Rrea= Xrea qfrea in Ohm

set to zero (=0)

Qrea=

Irea· Unom

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1.2 C Shunt

The C shunt is a pure capacitance. To define the susceptance/capacitance are two input modes available:

a) Design Parameter: the parameter are defined with the rated capacitive power or the rated current

b) Layout Parameter: the parameter are defined with the susceptance or capacitance.

Relation between the susceptance Bcapand the capacitance Ccap

The capacitance Ccapis calculated:

Ccap=

Bcap

2 · π · fnom

Capacitance in µF

Bcap: Susceptance in µS

1.2.2 Technology: 3PH-’D’

Model

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The 3PH-‘D’ model is a 3-phase shunt in delta connection. Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS.

Bcap<-> Qcaprelation

Bcap=

Qcap

3 · U2 nom

· 106 in µS

Qcap: Rated Capacitive Power in Mvar

Unom: Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV

Qcap<-> Icaprelation

The relation between the capacitive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, C in A is the following: Qcap= Icap· √ 3 · Unom 1000 in Mvar

Icap: Rated Current, C in A

1.2.3 Technology: 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’

Model

Figure 1.8: Models for the 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ technology

For the 3PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable option: External Star Point) and to setup if the internal grounding impedance star point is ‘con-nected’, ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ or ‘disconnected’. For a ‘connected’ star point a grounding

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reactance (Xe) and grounding resistance (Re) in Ohm is considered. For a ‘disconnected’ inter-nal star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). For the ABC-‘Y’ technology it’s further possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS. Bcap<-> Qcaprelation

Bcap=

Qcap

U2 nom

· 106 in µS

The relation between the capacitive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, C in A is the following: Qcap= Icap· √ 3 · Unom 1000 in Mvar

Unom: Nominal Line-Line voltage in kV Icap: Rated Current, C in A

Model

Figure 1.9: Models for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology

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option: External Star Point). For a ‘connected’ or ‘connected (Pertersen Coil)’ internal star point grounding reactance (Xe) and a grounding resistance (Re) is considered. For a ‘disconnected’ star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point).

Bcap=

3 · Qcap

2 · U2 nom

· 106 in µS for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems

Bcap=

2 · Qcap

U2 nom

· 106 _{in µS for BI/DUAL phase systems}

The relation between the capacitive power in Mvar of the shunt and the rated current, C in A is the following:

Qcap=

2 · Icap· Unom

√

Qcap=

Icap· Unom

1000 in Mvar for BI/DUAL phase systems

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Bcap=

Qcap

U2 nom

· 106 in µS

Qcap=

Icap· Unom

1000 in Mvar

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Bcap=

3 · Qcap

U2 nom

· 106 in µS for Standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems

Bcap=

4 · Qcap

U2 nom

Qcap=

Icap· Unom

√

Qcap=

Icap· Unom

2 · 1000 in Mvar for BI/DUAL phase systems

1.2.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’

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Bcap=

2 · Qcap

U2 nom

· 106 _{in µS}

Qcap=

Icap· Unom

1000 in Mvar

1.3 R-L-C Shunt

The R-L-C shunt is a reactance/inductivity, a resistance and a susceptance/capacitance in se-ries. To define the reactance/inductivity, the resistance and the susceptance/capacitance there are two input modes:

a) Design Parameter: the parameters are defined with the rated reactive power (L-C) or the rated current (L-C), the degree of inductance or the resonance frequency or the tuning order and the quality factor at nominal frequency (at fn) or the quality factor at resonance frequency (at fr)

b) Layout Parameter: the parameters are defined with the reactance (in Ohm) or inductivity (in mH), the susceptance (in S) or capacitance (in µF) and the resistance in Ohm

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Relation between the susceptance Bcapand the capacitance Ccap

The capacitance Ccapis calculated:

Ccap=

Bcap

2 · π · fnom

Capacitance in µF

Relation between the reactance Xreaand the inductivity Lrea

The inductivity Lreais calculated:

Lrea=

Xrea

2 · π · fnom

· 1000 inductivity in mH

Xrea: Reactance in Ohm fnom: Nominal Frequency in Hz of the grid

Relation between Degree of Inductance, Resonance Frequency and Tuning Order

fres= fnom pPgrad/100 Resonance Frequency in Hz nres= fres fnom Tuning Order

pgrad: Degree of Inductance in %

fnom: Nominal Frequency of the grid in Hz

fres: Resonance Frequency in Hz

nres: Tuning Order

Relation between Quality Factor (at fnom) and Quality Factor (at fres)

greaf 0= grea· nres= grea·

fres

fnom

grea: ‘Quality Factor at fnom’, at nominal frequency

greaf 0: ‘Quality Factor at fres’ at resonance frequency

nres: Tuning Order

Rated Capacitive Power Qcapand Rated Reactive Power, L-C Qtot

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Qcap= Qtot· (1 − pgrad/100) = Qtot· 1 − 1 n2 res = Qtot· 1 − fnom fres 2! in Mvar

Qcap: ‘Rated Capacitive Power, C’ in Mvar

Qtot: ‘Rated Reactive Power, L-C’ in Mvar

nres: Tuning Order

Rated Reactive Power Qcea and Rated Reactive Power, L-C Qtot

The rated reactive power can be calculated according to following additional equations:

Qrea= Qtot· (100/pgrad− 1) = Qtot· (n2res− 1) = Qtot·

fres fnom 2 − 1 ! in Mvar

Qrea: ‘Rated Reactive Power, L’ in Mvar

Qtot: ‘Rated Reactive Power, L-C’ in Mvar

nres: Tuning Order

Resonance Frequency fres

Resonance Frequency is calculated:

fres= 1 2 · π ·pLrea· 10−3· Ccap· 10−6 in Hz Lrea: Inductivity in mH Ccap: Capacitance in µF

Relation between Inductivity Lrea, Resonance Frequency fresand Capacitance Ccap

The inductivity Lreacan be calculated according to following equation:

Lrea=

103

(2 · π · fres)2· Ccap· 10−6

in mH

Ccap: Capacitance in µF

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1.3.2 Technology: 3PH-‘D’

Model

Figure 1.13: Model for the 3PH-‘D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground

The 3PH-‘D’ model is a 3-phase shunt in delta connection. Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS.

Qcap<-> Bcaprelation

Bcap=

Qcap

3 · U2 nom

· 106 in µS

Qcap: Rated Capacitive Power (3phase) in Mvar

Unom: Nominal Line-Line Voltage of shunt in kV

Xrea= 3 · U2 nom qrea and Rrea= Xrea qfrea in Ohm

Qrea: Rated Reactive Power of the reactor in Mvar

Xrea: Reactance in one phase in mH

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Figure 1.14: Model for the 3PH-’YN’ and 3PH-’Y’ technology

For the 3PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable option: External Star Point) and to setup if the internal grounding impedance star point is ‘con-nected’, ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ or ‘disconnected’. For a ‘connected’ star point a grounding reactance (Xe) and grounding resistance (Re) in Ohm is considered. For an ‘disconnected’ in-ternal star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). The ABC-‘Y’ technology it is further possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS.

Bcap=

Qcap

U2 nom

· 106 _{in µS}

Qcap: Rated Capacitive Power (3phase) in Mvar

Xrea= U_nom2 Qrea and Rrea= Xrea qfrea in Ohm

Qrea: Rated Reactive Power of the reactor in Mvar

qfrea: Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is

set to zero (=0)

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Figure 1.15: Model for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology

For the 2PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable option: External Star Point). For a ‘connected’ or ‘connected (Pertersen Coil)’ internal star point grounding reactance (Xe) and a grounding resistance (Re) is considered. For a ‘disconnected’ star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point).

Bcap=

3 · Qcap

2 · U2 nom

· 106 _{in µS for standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems}

Bcap=

2 · Qcap

U2 nom

Qcap: Rated Capacitive Power, C in Mvar

Xrea= 2 · Unom2 3 · Qrea and Rrea= Xrea qfrea

Xrea=

U_nom2 2 · Qrea

Qrea: Rated Reactive Power, L in Mvar Unom: Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV qfrea: Quality

Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0)

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Model

Bcap=

Qcap

U2 nom

· 106 in µS

Xrea= U2 nom Qrea and Rrea= Xrea qfrea in Ohm

Qrea: Rated Reactive Power of the reactor in Mvar Unom: Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV qfrea:

Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0)

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Bcap=

3 · Qcap

U2 nom

· 106 in µS for standard, non BI/DUAL phase systems

Bcap=

4 · Qcap

U2 nom

Xrea= U2 nom 3 · Qrea and Rrea= Xrea qfrea

Xrea=

U2 nom

4 · Qrea

qfrea: Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is

set to zero (=0)

1.3.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’

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Bcap=

2 · Qcap

U2 nom

· 106 in µS

Xrea= U2 nom 2 · Qrea and Rrea= Xrea qfrea in Ohm

Qrea: Rated Reactive Power of the reactor in Mvar Unom: Nominal Line-Line Voltage in kV qfrea:

Quality Factor (at fn, nominal frequency) for a quality factor of zero (=0) the resistance is set to zero (=0)

1.4 R-L-C, Rp Shunt

The R-L-C, Rp shunt is a reactance/inductivity, a resistance and a susceptance/capacitance in series with an additional resistance in parallel to the R-L impedance. To define the reac-tance/inductivity, the resistance and the susceptance/capacitance there are two input modes:

a) Design Parameter: the parameter are defined with the rated reactive power (L-C) or the rated current (L-C), the degree of inductance or the resonance frequency or the tuning order and the

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quality factor at nominal frequency (at fn) or the quality factor at resonance frequency (at fr) b) Layout Parameter: the parameter are defined with the reactance (in Ohm) or inductivity (in mH), the susceptance (in µS) or capacitance (in µF) and the resistance in Ohm

The parallel resistance Rp can be entered in the layout parameter frame in Ohm and is inde-pendent on the input option. If the parallel resistance Rp is equal zero (Rp = 0) the parallel resistance is not considered (equal to G = 0).

All common relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See section 1.3.1.

1.4.2 Technology: 3PH-‘D’

Model

Figure 1.19: Model for the 3PH-‘D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground

The 3PH-‘D’ model is a 3-phase shunt in delta connection. Additionally it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in S.

All relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See section 1.3.2.

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Figure 1.20: Models for the ABC-‘YN’ and ABC-‘Y’ technology

For the 3PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable option: External Star Point) and to setup if the internal grounding impedance star point is ‘con-nected’, ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ or ‘disconnected’. For a ‘connected’ star point a grounding reactance (Xe) and grounding resistance (Re) in Ohm is considered. For an ‘disconnected’ in-ternal star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point). The ABC-‘Y’ technology it is further possible to enter a susceptance to ground (Bg) in µS. All relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See section 1.3.3.

Model

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For the 2PH-‘YN’ technology it is possible to connect the star point to the neutral wire (enable option: External Star Point). For a ‘connected’ or ‘connected (Petersen Coil)’ internal star point grounding reactance (Xe) and a grounding resistance (Re) is considered. For a ‘disconnected’ star point the grounding reactance and resistance is neglected (-> isolated star point).

All relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See chapter 1.3.4.

Model

All relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See section 1.3.5.

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All relations are similar/equal to those used by the R-L-C shunt. See chapter 1.3.6.

1.4.7 Technology: 2PH-‘Y’

Model

The 2PH-‘Y’ model is a two phase shunt connected at two phases (A or B and B or C). Connec-tion of the second phase at the neutral phase is not recommended. In addiConnec-tion, it is possible to enter a susceptance to ground, Bg, in µS.

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1.5 Harmonics/Power Quality

Frequency-dependent characteristics may be defined for the parameters as listed in the follow-ing subsections.

Note: For absolute characteristics, the values defined in the element (not in the characteristic) will be used at the fundamental frequency.

1.5.1 R-L-C

Frequency-dependent parameters may optionally be defined for the following parameters (pa-rameter names follow in parentheses): Rs (rrea), L (rlrea) and C (ccap).

1.5.2 R-L

Frequency-dependent parameters may optionally be defined for the following parameters (pa-rameter names follow in parentheses): Rs (rrea) and L (rlrea).

1.5.3 C

Frequency-dependent parameters may optionally be defined for the following parameter (pa-rameter name follows in parentheses): C (ccap).

1.5.4 R-L-C,Rp

Frequency-dependent parameters may optionally be defined for the following parameters (pa-rameter names follow in parentheses): Rs (rrea), L (rlrea), C (ccap) and Rp (rpara).

1.5.5 R-L-C1-C2,Rp (Hipass Filter)

Frequency-dependent parameters may optionally be defined for the following parameters (pa-rameter names follow in parentheses): Rs (rrea), L (rlrea), C1 (c1), C2 (c2) and Rp (rpara).

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List of Figures

1.1 Model for the ABC-’D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground . . . . 4

1.2 Models for the 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ technology . . . 5

1.3 Model for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology . . . 7

1.4 Model for the 1PH PH-PH technology . . . 8

1.5 Model for the 1PH PH-E and 1PH PH-N technology . . . 9

1.6 Model for the 2PH-‘Y’ technology . . . 10

1.7 Model for the 3PH-‘D’ technology with and without susceptance to ground . . . . 11

1.8 Models for the 3PH-‘YN’ and 3PH-‘Y’ technology . . . 12

1.9 Models for the 2PH-‘YN’ technology . . . 13

1.14 Model for the 3PH-’YN’ and 3PH-’Y’ technology . . . 21

1.20 Models for the ABC-‘YN’ and ABC-‘Y’ technology . . . 27

TechRef Shunt

DIgSILENT PowerFactory

Technical Reference Documentation

Filter/Shunt

Contents

1

General Description

1.1

R-L Shunt

1.2

C Shunt

1.3

R-L-C Shunt

1.4

R-L-C, Rp Shunt

1.5

Harmonics/Power Quality

List of Figures