Weapons

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Sergeants Distance

Education Program

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WEAPONS (8017)

Course Introduction

Scope The Weapons course is designed to provide the Marine sergeant with

technical and detailed instruction on the characteristics and operation of some of the most common small arms found in the Marine Corps arsenal. These include the

· M9 pistol

· M203 grenade launcher

· M249 squad automatic weapon (SAW) · M240G machinegun

· M2HB .50 caliber machinegun · MK19 machinegun

· Traversing and elevating mechanism

· M136, 84MM HEAT launcher and high explosive anti-tank cartridge (AT-4)

Discussion of each weapon includes its · Characteristics

· Operation · Maintenance · Firing Procedures · Employment

If you find that you need a detailed review of a particular weapon, you will probably want to enroll in specific weapons courses (commonly called “red books”) offered by the Marine Corps Institute.

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MCI Course 8017 ii Course Introduction

Course Introduction,

Continued

References The following references were used in the writing of this course:

· TM 9-1010-221-10, Operators Manual, Grenade Launcher, 40mm, M203. · TM 08671A-10/1, Operators Manual, Machinegun, 5.56, M249.

· TM 08670B-10/1, Operators Manual, Machinegun, 240 Machinegun Series.

· TM 08670B-10/1A, Supplement-1 Operators Manual.

· TM 9-1005-213-10, Operators Manual Machinegun, Caliber .50. Browning, M2, Heavy Barrel and Mount, Tripod, Machinegun, Caliber .50, M3.

· TM 08521A-10/1A, Operator’s Manual, Machinegun, 40mm, MK19 Mod 3.

· TM 1005A-10/1, Operators Manual, Pistol, 9mm, M9. · TM 9-1010-221-10, Rifle, 5.56mm, M-16A2 W/E.

· TM 9-1315-886-12, Operator's and Unit Maintenance Manual for Launcher and Cartridge, 84 Millimeter: M136 (AT4).

· MCWP 3-15.1, Machineguns and Machinegun Gunnery. · FMFM 6-5, Marine Rifle Squad.

· FM 3-23.25, Light Anti-Armor Weapons.

Table of

Contents The following is a table of contents for this course.

Study Unit Title Page

-- Course Introduction i

1 M9 Pistol 1-1

2 M203 Grenade Launcher 2-1

3 M249 Squad Automatic Weapon (SAW) 3-1

4 M240G Machinegun MOD 3 4-1

5 M2HB .50 Caliber Machinegun 5-1

6 MK19 Machinegun 6-1

7 Traversing and Elevating Mechanism 7-1

8 M136, 84MM HEAT Launcher and High

Explosive Anti-Tank Cartridge (AT-4) 8-1

-- Review Lesson Examination R-1

Estimated

Study Time You will spend about 18 hours and 20 minutes completing this course. This _{includes the time you will need to study the text, complete the exercises, and}

take the final exam.

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Course Introduction,

Continued

Reserve Retirement Credits

You earn 6 retirement credits for completing this course. You earn reserve retirement credits at the rate of one credit for each 3 hours of estimated study time.

Note: Reserve retirement credits are not awarded for the MCI study you do during drill periods if awarded credits for drill attendance.

Summary The table below summarizes all the important “gateways” needed to successfully complete this course.

Step When you Then you will For more

information

1 Enroll in the program Receive your program material

Refer to the Program Introduction

2 Complete the self-paced text

Arrange to take the final examination

3 Pass the final

examination Receive a course completion certificate

References The following table lists publications that can be used as additional sources of information about the content of this course.

Publication Number Title

TM 9-1010-221-10 Operator’s Manual, Grenade Launcher, 40mm, M203

TM 08671A-10/1A Operator’s Manual, Machinegun, 5.56mm, M249 TM 08670B-10/1 Operator’s Manual, Machinegun, 240 Machinegun

Series

TM 08670B-10/1A Supplement-1 Operator’s Manual

TM 9-1005-213-10 Operator’s Manual Machinegun, Caliber .50, Browning, M2, Heavy Barrel and Mount, Tripod, Machinegun, Caliber .50, M3

TM 08521A-10/1A Operator’s Manual, Machinegun, 40mm, MK19 Mod3

MCWP 3-15.1 Machineguns and Machinegun Gunnery

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MCI Course 8017 iv Course Introduction (This page intentionally left blank.)

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STUDY UNIT 1

M9 PISTOL

Overview

Estimated

Study Time 1 hour, 35 minutes

Unit Scope This study unit teaches you the characteristics, operation, maintenance, immediate action, care and cleaning techniques, and firing procedures for the M9 pistol.

Learning

Objectives After completing this unit, you should be able to

· Identify the characteristics of the M9 pistol.

· Identify the procedures for maintaining the M9 pistol. · Identify the techniques for using the M9 pistol.

Unit Content The following table lists the lessons covered in this study unit.

Topic See Page

Lesson 1 Description of the M9 Pistol 1-3

Lesson 2 Clearing, Disassembling, and Cleaning the M9

Pistol 1-11

Lesson 3 Assembling, Stoppages, and Immediate Action for the M9 Pistol

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MCI Course 8017A 1-2 Study Unit 1 (This page intentionally left blank.)

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LESSON 1

DESCRIPTION OF THE M9 PISTOL

Introduction

Estimated

Study Time 25 minutes

Lesson Scope This lesson teaches you the basic characteristics of the M9 pistol and the ammunition it uses.

Learning

Objectives After completing this lesson, you should be able to

· Identify the role of the M9 pistol.

· Identify the principal characteristics of the M9 pistol. · Identify the steps in the cycle of operation of the M9 pistol. · Identify the standard type of ammunition for the M9 pistol.

In This Lesson This lesson contains the following topics:

Topic See Page

Introduction 1-3

General Characteristics of the M9 Pistol 1-4

Cycle of Operation of the M9 Pistol 1-7

Ammunition for the M9 Pistol 1-8

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MCI Course 8017A 1-4 Study Unit 1, Lesson 1

General Characteristics of the M9 Pistol

Role The M9 pistol provides timely and accurate fire in a close combat situation and as a means of defense for personnel assigned

· The M9 pistol as their primary weapon · To crew served weapons

Major

Components The diagram below identifies the major components of the M9 pistol.

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General Characteristics of the M9 Pistol,

Continued

Description The diagram below shows the major parts for the M9 pistol.

Item Part

1 Firing Pin Block

2 Extractor/Loaded Chamber Indicator 3 Trigger 4 Front Sight 5 Slide Assembly 6 Disassembly Lever 7 Slide Stop 8 Rear Sight 9 Decocking/Safety Lever 10 Hammer 11 Receiver 12 Grip 13 Lanyard Loop 14 Magazine

15 Magazine Catch Assembly

16 Disassembly Button

Weight The following table lists the approximate weight (in ounces) of the M9 pistol.

Item Weight (lbs)

M9 pistol (with 15-round magazine) 2.54

M9 pistol (with empty magazine) 2.12

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General Characteristics of the M9 Pistol,

Continued

Length The following table lists the length (in inches) of the M9 pistol.

Item Length (in inches)

Barrel length 4.92

Length of gun, overall 8.54

Range The following table lists the range (in meters) for the M9 pistol.

Type of Range Range (in meters)

Maximum Effective 50

Maximum Range 1800

Muzzle Velocity The muzzle velocity of the M9 pistol is 1230.3 feet per second.

Safety

Mechanisms The M9 pistol is equipped with two safety mechanisms described below:

· The manual decocking/safety lever, located on the slide, which separates the firing pin from the hammer, lowers the hammer when cocked, and interrupts the connection between trigger and sear.

· The firing pin block prevents any motion of the firing pin and is overcome only by pulling on the trigger.

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Cycle of Operation of the M9 Pistol

Operation The cycle of operation for the M9 pistol consists of the following eight steps:

Step Action Description

1 Feeding The recoil spring moves the slide forward

feeding the next cartridge from the magazine into the chamber.

2 Chambering The slide continues forward and the case head slides up the breech face and under the extractor. The round is now chambered with the extractor positioned in the groove of the cartridge case.

3 Locking The locking block is cammed upward

forming one mechanical unit. Forward motion ceases as the disassembly latch bolt stops the locking block.

4 Firing Pressure developed by combustion gases

recoils the slide and barrel assembly to the rear.

5 Unlocking Recoiling a short distance, the locking block plunger forces the locking lugs on the locking block to swing down out of the recesses in the slide.

6 Extracting The slide extracts and ejects the cartridge case.

7 Ejecting The extractor carries the case to the rear and the head of the case strikes the fixed ejector which pivots the case and ejects it from the pistol.

8 Cocking As the slide ejects the cartridge, the hammer is cocked.

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Ammunition for the M9 Pistol

Standard

Ammunition The standard ammunition for the M9 pistol is the NATO M882 9mm ball _{round, as shown below.}

Caution: Do not fire

· Heavily corroded or dented cartridges · Cartridges with loose bullets

· Other defective rounds as detected by visual inspection

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Lesson 1 Exercise

Estimated

Directions Complete exercise items 1 through 4 by performing the action required. Check your answers against those listed at the end of this lesson.

Item 1 The M9 pistol provides

a. rapid, accurate fire in long-range situations. b. rapid, accurate fire in close combat.

c. timely, accurate fire in long-range situations. d. timely, accurate fire in close combat.

Item 2 What is the weight (in pounds) of the M9 service pistol with 15 round magazine?

a. 2.00 b. 2.50 c. 2.54 d. 3.00

Item 3 What is the fourth step in the cycle of operation of the M9 pistol? a. Locking

b. Firing c. Unlocking d. Extracting

Item 4 What is the standard ammunition used for the M9 pistol? a. Any 9mm cartridge

b. 9mm armor piercing NATO round c. 9mm, ball, NATO M882

d. 9mm tracer NATO round

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MCI Course 8017A 1-10 Study Unit 1, Lesson 1 Exercise

Lesson 1 Exercise,

Continued

Answers The table below provides the answers to the exercise items. If you have any questions, refer to the reference page listed for each item.

Item Number Answer Reference Page

1 d 1-4

2 c 1-5

3 b 1-7

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LESSON 2

CLEARING, DISASSEMBLING, AND CLEANING THE M9

PISTOL

Introduction

Estimated

Lesson Scope This lesson teaches you how to clear, disassemble, and clean the M9 pistol.

Learning

· Identify the steps to clear the M9 pistol.

· Identify the steps to disassemble the M9 pistol. · Identify the cleaner/lubricant used on the M9 pistol.

· Identify the steps for the care and cleaning of the M9 pistol.

In This Lesson This lesson contains the following topics.

Topic See Page

Introduction 1-11

Clearing the M9 Pistol 1-12

Disassembling the M9 Pistol 1-13

Cleaning the M9 Pistol 1-19

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Clearing the M9 Pistol

Procedures Before you begin to disassemble the M9 pistol, you must clear it to be sure it is completely safe. The five steps to clear the M9 pistol are listed in the table below.

Step Action

1 Place the weapon on safe by rotating the ambidextrous thumb safety to the down position.

2 Remove the magazine by pressing the magazine release button in. Catch the magazine as it falls from the pistol.

3 Pull the slide to the rear with your left hand and lock it in place by pushing up on the slide stop with your right thumb.

4 Inspect the chamber by tilting the weapon up so you can see into the chamber and be sure no rounds are present.

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Disassembling the M9 Pistol

Operator

Disassembly After you clear the M9 pistol, you may begin disassembly into main groups _{for cleaning and inspection. The four main groups are the}

· Slide group

· Recoil spring and guide group · Barrel group

· Magazine group · Receiver group

Component

Parts The diagram below shows the components of the M9 pistol.

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Disassembling the M9 Pistol,

Continued

Slide Groups From the Receiver

The following table lists the steps for removing the slide, barrel, and recoil spring and guide groups from the receiver.

Step Action

1 Depress the disassembly button (as shown in picture below) located on the right hand side of the receiver just above the front strap of the trigger guard. Extend your forefinger along the receiver until you can depress the button. Once you have depressed the button, hold it in that position.

2 Rotate the disassembly lever. Now, with the thumb of the left hand, rotate the disassembly lever clockwise and down (as shown in picture below). The lever will rotate 90 degrees to a solid stop. Now you can relax the pressure on the disassembly button.

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Disassembling the M9 Pistol,

Continued

Slide Groups, continued

Step Action

3 Once the disassembly lever comes to a stop, you will hear a click and the slide will jump forward slightly. The slide is now

unlocked from the receiver. With your left hand, grasp the slide and pull it (along with the barrel, recoil spring, and guide) forward off the receiver as shown in the picture below. Now set the

receiver aside since nothing more can be removed from it.

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Disassembling the M9 Pistol,

Continued

Recoil Spring

and Guide The following table lists the steps to remove the recoil spring and guide from _{the slide.} Step Action

1 Cradle the slide upside down in your left hand and compress the recoil spring with your right thumb (as shown in the picture below).

2 Once the spring is compressed, lift up on the rear of the guide (as shown in picture below) and pull the spring and guide from the slide.

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Disassembling the M9 Pistol Magazine

Magazine

Group The following table lists the steps to disassemble the M9 pistol magazine. Step Action

1 Grasp the magazine with the back of the magazine tube against the palm of the hand.

2 Use a 9mm round to depress the locking block plunger protruding from the floorplate and slide floorplate away from you.

3 Maintain pressure on the magazine spring with the thumb remove the floorplate, spring, and follower from magazine tube.

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Cleaning the M9 Pistol

Cleaners and

Lubricants To be sure that your M9 pistol works correctly, keep it clean and properly _lubricated.

Note: Your cleaning equipment can be either a regular rifle cleaning brush (toothbrush) or a bore brush and cleaning rod.

The following table lists authorized cleaners/lubricants and their use on the M9 pistol.

Cleaners/Lubricants Use

Cleaner, Lubricant, Preservative (CLP)

Cleans, lubricates, and preserves at temperatures down to –35°F Note: CLP is the most commonly

used cleaning/lubricant for cleaning the M9 pistol. Lubricant, Arctic Weather (LAW) Lubricates at extremely cold

temperatures (below 0°F)

Caution: Do not use any dry cleaning solvent that contains acid to clean grease, oil, or corrosion-preventive compounds from the M9 pistol.

Purpose of

Cleaning You must clean the M9 pistol after you have fired it because firing produces _{deposits of primer fouling, powder ashes, carbon, and metal fouling. These}

deposits collect and promote rust if you do not remove them. The cleaning procedures described on the next page enable you to remove all deposits except metal fouling.

Note: Only the unit armorer is authorized to remove metal fouling. Caution: Report all burred, worn, cracked defective parts to your unit

armorer for correction.

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Cleaning the M9 Pistol,

Continued

Cleaning the

Bore The following table lists the steps to clean the bore of the M9 pistol.

Step Action

1 Attach the bore brush to the cleaning rod. Insert the brush in the bore and move it back and forth in the bore to loosen carbon deposits. Repeat this step until a dry cleaning patch pulled through the bore exits clean.

2 Attach a clean, dry cleaning patch to the cleaning rod. 3 Moisten the cleaning patch thoroughly with CLP.

4 Pull the patch through the bore several times and inspect the patch. Repeat this step until the patch shows no fouling.

5 Inspect bore for pitting or obstruction, blocking block moves freely and there are no cracks or burrs visible.

Cleaning the

Slide Assembly The following table lists the steps to clean the bore of the M9 pistol

.

Step Action

1 Moisten a soft brush with CLP and remove excess dirt and carbon buildup around the decocking lever, breech face, extractor, and slide guides.

2 Wipe dry with a cloth and apply a light coat of CLP.

3 Inspect the slide assembly for free movement of safety lever and firing pin block. Check the rear sight for looseness or cracks.

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Cleaning the M9 Pistol,

Continued

Cleaning the Receiver Assembly

The following table lists the steps to clean the receiver of the M9 pistol.

Step Action

1 Wipe the receiver assembly clean with cloth or soft brush paying attention to the disassembly lever, trigger, slide stop, hammer, and magazine release button.

2 Apply a light coat of CLP.

3 Inspect the receiver assembly for checks or chips. The free movement of slide stop and magazine catch assembly. Look for excessive wear and burrs on the guide rails.

Extreme

Environments Take extra precautions to be sure the M9 pistol operates trouble free in _{extreme environments. Refer to the table below for precautions to take in}

different environments.

Type of Climate Care/Cleaning Prevents

Hot Inspect/clean daily Moisture and rust

Humid Inspect daily Moisture and rust

Hot, dry, sandy Clean and lubricate

daily Rust and corrosion

Remove excess oil Sluggish operation Keep weapon free of

moisture

Rust and corrosion Below freezing

Keep the M9

temperature close to the outside temperature

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Lesson 2 Exercise

Estimated

Item 1 To clear the M9 pistol, place the weapon on safe, __________________, lock the slide to the rear, inspect the chamber, and release the slide to return to forward position.

a. remove the handguard b. inspect the breech c. remove the magazine

d. remove the ammunition from the chamber

Item 2 After you have cleared the M9 pistol, what is the first step to disassemble the pistol?

a. Slide the assembly off the receiver track. b. Depress the disassembly button.

c. Inspect the chamber. d. Place weapon on safe.

Item 3 What is the most commonly authorized cleaner/lubricant used on the M9 pistol?

a. CLP b. LSA c. LAW d. RBC

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Lesson 2 Exercise,

Continued

Items 4

Through 7 Matching: In the space provided, place the letter of the steps to clean the M9 _{pistol from column 2 in the correct sequence for cleaning the M9 pistol bore}

in column 1. The answers in column 2 may be used only once.

Column 1

Correct Sequence

Column 2

Steps to Clean the M9 pistol Bore ___ 4.

___ 5. ___ 6. ___ 7.

a. Moisten the cleaning patch thoroughly with CLP. b. Attach the bore brush to the

cleaning rod. Insert the brush in the bore and move it back and forth in the bore to loosen carbon deposits.

c. Attach a clean, dry cleaning patch to the cleaning rod.

d. Pull the cleaning patch through the bore several times until it shows no fouling.

Item 8 To prevent rust and corrosion in a hot, dry, sandy climate, you should a. Remove excess oil and keep the M9 pistol temperature close to the

outside temperature. b. Clean and lubricate daily.

c. Keep weapon free of moisture and remove excess oil. d. Remove excess oil and keep muzzle and receiver covered.

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Lesson 2 Exercise,

Continued

1 c 1-12 2 b 1-14 3 a 1-18 4 b 1-19 5 c 1-19 6 a 1-19 7 d 1-19 8 b 1-20

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MCI Course 8017A 1-24 Study Unit 1, Lesson 2 Exercise (This page intentionally left blank.)

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LESSON 3

ASSEMBLING, STOPPAGES, AND IMMEDIATE ACTION FOR

THE M9 PISTOL

Introduction

Estimated

Lesson Scope This lesson teaches you how to assemble, identify stoppages and their causes, and perform immediate action on the M9 pistol.

Learning

Objectives After completing this lesson you should be able to

· Identify the steps to assemble the M9 pistol.

· Identify the steps to perform a function check on M9 pistol. · Identify the steps to load the M9 pistol.

· Identify the method to engage targets with the M9 pistol. · Identify stoppages and their causes on the M9 pistol. · Identify the steps for immediate action on the M9 pistol.

In This Lesson This lesson contains the following topics.

Topic See Page

Introduction 1-25

Assembling the M9 Pistol 1-26

Performing a Function Check on M9 Pistol 1-30

Loading the M9 Pistol 1-31

Engaging Targets with the M9 Pistol 1-33

Stoppages of the M9 Pistol 1-36

Immediate Action for the M9 Pistol 1-37

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Assembling the M9 Pistol

Procedure After you have cleaned your M9 pistol, you are ready to assemble your weapon. To assemble the M9 pistol, replace the parts in the reverse order of disassembly.

· Install the barrel into the slide.

· Install the recoil spring and guide into the slide.

· Install the slide, barrel, and recoil spring and guide onto the receiver. · Assemble magazine for M9 pistol.

Installing the Barrel into the Slide

The following table lists the steps to install the barrel into the slide.

Step Action

1 Cradle the barrel upside down in your left hand. Push forward until the muzzle barely protrudes from the slide.

2 Grasp the locking block lightly between the thumb and forefinger of your right hand.

3 Insert the barrel, muzzle first, into the slide.

4 Make sure the locking lugs engage the locking lug shoulders of the bolt. Push the barrel slightly rearward to lock it into position.

(32)

Assembling the M9 Pistol,

Continued

Installing the Recoil Spring and Guide into the Slide

The following table lists the steps to install the recoil spring and guide into the slide.

Step Action

1 Fully insert the recoil spring on the spring guide.

2 Insert the free end of the spring into the spring recess in the front of the slide.

3 Compress the spring slightly; rotate the guide, head down, until it rests in the guide groove. Make sure the guide fits snugly in the groove.

(33)

Assembling the M9 Pistol,

Continued

Installing the Slide, Barrel, and Recoil Spring and Guide onto the Receiver

The following table lists the steps to install the slide, barrel, and recoil spring and guide onto the receiver.

Step Action

1 Pick up the receiver. If the hammer is cocked, gently lower it until it meets the receiver frame.

2 Grasp the front section of the slide with your left hand, placing your thumb on the recoil spring and guide so the spring and guide do not become misaligned with the locking block.

3 Carefully guide the rear portion of the slide rails onto the front portion of the receiver rails.

4 When the rails are well engaged, push the slide all the way against the hammer, pushing the hammer slightly rearward.

5 Rotate the wing of the disassembly lever counterclockwise to its closed position. As soon as you rotate the lever, the recoil spring guide (under pressure from the spring) should force the

disassembly lever up with a loud click.

6 To verify correct assembly, pull the slide back and release it. It should close energetically.

(34)

Assembling the M9 Pistol,

Continued

Assemble

Magazine The following table lists the steps to assemble the 15 round magazines used _{with the M9 pistol.} Step Action

1 Insert the follower into the top coil of the magazine spring.

Notes: The top coil has an upward and forward pointing end.

Ensure that the notches on follower and magazine tube are on the same side.

2 Insert the spring into the magazine tube.

3 Attach the floorplate retainer to the bottom coil of the spring. Slide the floorplate over the retainer, locking it in place.

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Performing a Function Check on the M9 Pistol

Purpose After you have assembled your M9 pistol, perform a function check to ensure the M9 pistol is performing properly.

Procedure The table below list the steps to perform a function check on the M9 pistol.

Step Action

1 Insert an empty magazine into the pistol and ensure that the magazine catch locks the magazine in place.

2 Retract the slide to the rear, ensuring the magazine's slide stop locks slide assembly to the rear.

3 Ensure the safety lever is in the safe position (down). Depress the slide stop and allow the slide to return forward. Observe that the hammer is in the forward position.

4 Squeeze and release trigger. Observe that firing pin block moves up and down. The hammer should not move.

5 Place the safety lever in fire position (up).

6 Squeeze the trigger. The hammer should cock and fall (double action). 7 Squeeze the trigger again and hold it to the rear. Move the slide to the

rear and release. Release the trigger. You should hear a click and the hammer should not fall.

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Loading the M9 Pistol

Procedures The M9 pistol can fire any time the trigger is pulled with the safety lever in the fire position and a round in the chamber. The following table lists the steps to load the M9 pistol.

Step Action

1 Insert a loaded magazine into the magazine well of the pistol until a click of the magazine catch is heard.

2 Pointing the pistol in a safe direction, grasp the serrated portion of the slide and retract the slide to the rear.

3 Release the slide, allowing a round from the magazine to be chambered.

(37)

Loading the M9 Pistol,

Continued

Load M9

magazine The following table lists the steps to load a 15-round magazine used by the _{M9 pistol.} Step Action

1 Place a cartridge on the magazine follower in front of the lips.

2 Press down and slide the cartridge completely back under the lips. 3 Repeat these steps until the magazine is fully loaded.

(38)

Engaging Targets with the M9 Pistol

Introduction The weapon must become an extension of the hand and arm. To accurately engage targets with the M9 pistol, you must be familiar with griping, aiming and firing position of the M9 pistol.

Grip the M9

Pistol A proper grip is one of the most important fundamentals in firing the M9 _{pistol. The two-hand grip used to fire the M9 pistol allows the firer to steady}

the firing hand and provide maximum support during firing. Position your hand as stated in the below table.

Hand Fingers

Non-firing Hold the weapon.

Firing Form a V with the thumb and forefinger and place the weapon in the V with the front and rear sights in line with the firing arm.

Firing Wrap the lower three fingers around the pistol grip, putting equal pressure with all three fingers to the rear.

Firing Allow the thumb to rest alongside the weapon without pressure and grip the weapon.

Note: The hand should not tremble.

Non-firing Wrap the fingers around the firing hand, ensuring that the index finger is between the middle finger of the firing hand and trigger guard.

Non-firing Rest the thumb alongside the firing thumb

WARNING: If the thumb is placed in the rear

of the weapon the recoil could result in personal injury.

(39)

Engaging Targets with the M9 Pistol,

Continued

Aiming Aiming is the proper sight alignment and sight placement of the M9 pistol on the target.

Sight

Alignment The front blade sight of the M9 pistol is centered and leveled with the top of _{the rear sight notch.}

Note: See picture below.

Sight

Placement The position of the weapon’s sights on the target as seen by the firer. Proper _{sight placement is the correct sight alignment with the front sight post center}

mass on the target.

Note: See picture below.

Proper Sight Alignment and Sight

Placement

The picture below shows the proper alignment and placement of the M9 sight on a target.

(40)

Engaging Targets with the M9 Pistol,

Continued

Firing Position

for M9 Pistol The standing firing position is used to engage targets with the M9 pistol. To _{ensure quick response to dangerously close targets, it must be practiced so it}

becomes natural. The standing position is illustrated and described in the table below.

Body / Feet Arms

· Face the target · Extend the firing arm

· Feet shoulder width apart · Wrist and elbow of the firing arm are locked and pointed toward target center. · Body straight with the shoulders

slightly forward of the buttocks

(41)

Stoppages of the M9 Pistol

Definition A stoppage is the unintentional interruption in the function or failure to fire of the M9 pistol.

Failure to Fire Failure of the M9 pistol to fire can be can be a result of the following: · Hangfire. A delay in the functioning of a propelling charge explosive

train at the time of firing.

· Misfire. A complete failure to fire. A misfire itself is not dangerous but since it cannot be immediately distinguished from a hangfire you must consider it a hangfire until proven otherwise.

Unintentional

Interruptions The table below lists common interruptions that may be experienced with the _M9.

Stoppage Cause

Stovepipe Occurs when the weapon fails to completely

eject the casing.

Double feed Occurs when two rounds are stuck in the receiver.

Slide not fully seated Caused by a number of reasons, as simple as dirty ammunition or a dirty pistol.

Audible pop or reduced recoil

Occurs when only a portion of the propellant is ignited.

(42)

Immediate Action for the M9 Pistol

Definition Immediate action is the prompt action taken by the user to correct a stoppage, without attempting to discover the cause.

Procedure Since it’s important that immediate action become instinctive, the following table lists the steps to perform immediate action on the M9 pistol.

Step Action

1 TAP – Slap the bottom of the magazine upward to ensure it is fully seated.

2 RACK – Pull the slide all the way to the rear and release it to ensure a round is chambered.

3 BANG – Sight and attempt to fire. If immediate action was successful, the pistol will fire.

Note: If the M9 pistol fails to fire in a non-tactical situation, clear the pistol and determine cause of the stoppage.

(43)

Lesson 3 Exercise

Estimated

Item 1 What is the first step in assembling the M9 pistol? a. Install the barrel into the slide.

b. The first step is identical to disassembly. c. Install the recoil spring.

d. Grasp the locking lugs.

Item 2 What step checks that the M9 pistol’s hammer cocks and falls (double action) when performing a function check?

a. Two b. Five c. Six d. Seven

Item 3 When loading the M9 pistol, ensure the pistol is pointing a. in a safe direction.

b. at the target. c. at six o’clock. d. at 45 degrees.

(44)

Lesson 3 Exercise,

Continued

Item 4 The M9 pistol is held with the ___________when engaging a target. a. firing hand

b. non-firing hand c. firm grip

d. thumb and forefinger

Item 5 A stoppage is defined as

a. improperly loaded ammunition into the weapon.

b. any unintentional interruption in the functioning of the weapon. c. waiting for 40 seconds and clearing the weapon.

d. having an ammunition casing stuck in the breech.

Item 6 What are the three steps for immediate action? a. TAP, RACK, PULL

b. HIT, PULL, TAP c. PULL, RACK, BANG d. TAP, RACK, BANG

(45)

Lesson 3 Exercise,

Continued

1 a 1-26 2 c 1-30 3 a 1-31 4 b 1-33 5 b 1-36 6 d 1-37

(46)

STUDY UNIT 2

M203 GRENADE LAUNCHER

Overview

Estimated

Study Time 2 hours, 15 minutes

Unit Scope This study unit teaches you the characteristics, operation, maintenance, immediate action, care and cleaning techniques, and firing procedures for the M203 grenade launcher.

Learning

Objectives After completing this unit, you should be able to

· Identify the capabilities of the M203 grenade launcher.

· Identify the procedures for maintaining the M203 grenade launcher. · Identify the methods for firing the M203 grenade launcher.

· Identify stoppages and their causes.

· Identify criteria for employing the M203 grenade launcher.

In This Study

Unit This study unit contains the following lessons:

Topic See Page

Lesson 1 Description 2-3

Lesson 2 Clearing, Disassembling, and Cleaning 2-13 Lesson 3 Assembling, Conducting the Function Check and

Firing 2-23

Lesson 4 Stoppages, Immediate Action, and Employment 2-39

(47)

MCI Course 8017A 2-2 Study Unit 2 (This page intentionally left blank.)

(48)

LESSON 1

DESCRIPTION

Introduction

Estimated

Lesson Scope The objective of this lesson is to teach you the basic characteristics of the M203 grenade launcher and the ammunition it uses.

Learning

· Identify the capabilities of the M203 grenade launcher.

· Describe the principal characteristics of the M203 grenade launcher. · Identify the standard types of ammunition for the M203 grenade launcher

based on color and use.

Topic See Page

Introduction 2-3

Role and Capabilities 2-4

General Characteristics 2-5

Ammunition 2-7

(49)

Role and Capabilities

Role The M203 grenade launcher supports the fire team in both the offense and the defense by providing close fire support over the entire team sector of fire.

Capabilities The four capabilities of the M203 are to · Destroy groups of enemy personnel

· Fire on enemy troops and automatic weapons that are in defilade · Provide close fire support in the assault

(50)

General Characteristics

Components The diagram below shows the M203 grenade launcher and its major components attached to the M16A2 service rifle.

Weight The following table lists the approximate weight (in pounds) of the M203 grenade launcher and the M16A2 rifle.

Item Weight (in pounds)

M203 Grenade Launcher 3

M16A2 Rifle 6.5

Range The following table lists the range (in meters) for the M203 grenade launcher.

Type of Range Range (in meters)

Maximum 400

Maximum Effective Area Target: 350

Point Target: 150

Minimum Safe Training: 165

Combat: 31

(51)

General Characteristics,

Continued

Description The eight characteristics of the M203 grenade launcher are listed below. · Lightweight

· Single-shot · Breech loaded

· Pump action (sliding barrel) · Shoulder-fired

· Attaches to the M16A2 rifle · Fires a 40mm grenade

(52)

Ammunition

Ammunition

Types The 40mm grenade cartridge used in the M203 is a fixed-type ammunition, _{consisting of two major assemblies, the cartridge case and the projectile. The}

standard types of ammunition used with the M203 grenade launcher are described in the following table by color and use.

Type Color Used to Danger

Radius High explosive (HE) Engage enemy · Automatic weapon positions · Personnel dug into

fighting positions 130 meters High explosive airburst (HE airburst) Engage enemy · Personnel on the move

· Troops in the open

27 meters High explosive dual purpose (HEDP) Engage enemy · Automatic weapon positions · Crew-served weapon positions 130 meters

(53)

Ammunition,

Continued

Ammunition Types, continued

Type Color Used to Danger

Radius

CS gas Provide chemical

effects (including temporary nausea, tearing of eyes, and intense coughing) against enemy troops N/A Multipurpose (Buckshot) Engage enemy personnel in the open.

When firing, aim at the foot of the target.

N/A

Training practice (TP)

Train grenadiers 20 meters Note: Fuze arms between 14 to 27 meters.

(54)

Ammunition,

Continued

Ammunition Types, continued

Type Color Used to Danger

Radius Training practice (TP) Train grenadiers Completely inert and contains no fuze.

Illuminating Light up area

N/A

Signaling Mark ground

N/A

Signaling Mark ground

(55)

Lesson 1 Exercise

Estimated

Directions Complete items 1 through 3 by performing the actions required. Check your answers against those listed at the end of this lesson.

Item 1 What is one capability of the M203 grenade launcher? a. Support and deliver enemy fires

b. Destroy soft-skinned vehicles c. Supplement other supporting fires d. Provide enemy fire support

Item 2 The maximum range of the M203 grenade launcher is ______ meters. a. 150

b. 350 c. 400 d. 460

Item 3 The standard types of ammunition used with the M203 are high explosive, high explosive airburst, high explosive dual purpose, CS gas, and

a. variable time. b. white phosphorous. c. training practice. d. variable inert.

(56)

Lesson 1 Exercise,

Continued

1 c 2-4

2 c 2-5

(57)

(58)

LESSON 2

CLEARING, DISASSEMBLING, AND CLEANING

Introduction

Estimated

Lesson Scope The objective of this lesson is to teach you how to clear, disassemble, and clean the M203 grenade launcher.

Learning

· Identify the steps to clear the M203 grenade launcher.

· Identify the steps to disassemble the M203 grenade launcher. · Identify the cleaners/lubricant used for the M203 grenade launcher. · Identify steps for the care and cleaning of the M203 grenade.

Topic See Page

Introduction 2-13 Clearing 2-14 Disassembling 2-15 Cleaning 2-17

(59)

Clearing

Steps Before you begin to disassemble the M203 grenade launcher, you must clear the weapon to be sure it is completely safe. The following table lists the steps to clear the M203 grenade launcher.

Step Action

1 Place the weapon on safe by lowering the safety located inside the trigger guard.

2 Depress the barrel latch

3 Slide the barrel assembly forward.

(60)

Disassembling

Procedure The table below lists the steps to disassemble the M203 grenade launcher.

Step Action

1 Remove the quadrant sight by loosening the knurled screw on the right side of weapon.

2 Remove the handguard and sight assembly by · Pushing down on the slip ring of the rifle.

· Lifting up on hand guard and pulling it to the rear.

(61)

Disassembling,

Continued

Procedure, continued

Step Action

3 Depress the barrel latch and slide the barrel assembly forward.

4 Insert one end of a cleaning rod section into the hole and depress the barrel stop.

(62)

Cleaning

Purpose for

Cleaning You must clean the M203 grenade launcher after you have fired to remove _{powder ash and carbon fouling. These deposits will collect and promote rust.}

Note: Only the unit armorer is authorized to remove metal fouling. Report all burred, worn, cracked, or defective parts to your unit armorer

Cleaners and

Lubricants To be sure that your M203 grenade launcher works correctly, keep it clean _{and properly lubricated.}

Note: Your cleaning equipment can be either a regular rifle cleaning brush (toothbrush) or a bore brush and thong.

Cleaner Lubricant Preservative (CLP) is the only authorized cleaner/lubricant used for the M203 grenade launcher.

CAUTION: Do not use dry cleaning solvent that contains acid when you clean grease, oil, or corrosion-preventive compounds from the M203 grenade launcher.

(63)

Cleaning,

Continued

Cleaning the

Bore The following table lists the steps to clean the bore of the M203 grenade _{launcher assembly.}

Step Action

1 Attach a clean, dry rag (the size of a handkerchief) to the thong. 2 Moisten the rag thoroughly with CLP.

3 Pull the rag through the bore several times; inspect the rag. Repeat this step until the rag shows no fouling.

4 Attach the bore brush to the thong and pull it through the bore several times as shown in the picture below. Repeat this step until a dry rag pulled through the bore exits clean.

(64)

Cleaning,

Continued

Procedure The following table lists the steps to clean the chamber of the M203 grenade launcher.

Step Action

1 Clean area around the breech insert and firing pin hole.

2 Wipe the locator slot with a clean rag

Extreme

Environments Take extra precautions to make sure the M203 grenade launcher operates _{trouble free in extreme environments. Refer to the table below for actions to}

take in different environments.

Type of Climate Care/Cleaning Prevents

Hot Inspect daily/lubricate Moisture and rust

Humid Dry, clean and lubricate as

necessary

Moisture and rust Hot, dry, sandy _{· Clean lubricate daily and}

wipe dry

· Keep muzzle and receiver covered

· Rust and corrosion · Sand and dust in the

bore Below freezing _{· Remove excess oil}

· Keep weapon free of moisture

· Keep the M203 temperature close to the outside

temperature

· Sluggish operation · Rust and corrosion · Moisture and rust

Salt water atmosphere

(65)

Lesson 2 Exercise

Estimated

Directions Complete items 1 through 8 by performing the actions required. Check your answers against those listed at the end of this lesson.

Item 1 What is the fourth step to clear the M203 grenade launcher? 1. Place the weapon on safe.

2. Depress the barrel latch.

3. Slide the barrel assembly forward. 4.

a. Remove the handguard. b. Inspect the breech. c. Depress the barrel stop. d. Remove the quadrant sight.

Item 2 What is the first step the gunner must perform when disassembling the M203? a. Slide the assembly off the receiver track.

b. Depress the barrel latch and slide the barrel assembly forward. c. Remove the quadrant sight from carrying handle.

d. Remove the handguard assembly.

Item 3 Which is the only authorized cleaner/lubricant used on the M203 grenade launcher?

a. CLP b. LSA c. LAW d. RBC

(66)

Lesson 2 Exercise,

Continued

Items 4

Through 7 Matching: In the sequence and the space provided, place the letter of the _{steps to clean the M203 grenade launcher assembly from column 2 to column}

1. The answers in column 2 may be used only once.

Column 1 Correct Sequence Column 2 Steps to Clean ___ 4. ___ 5. ___ 6. ___ 7.

a. Moisten the rag thoroughly with CLP.

b. Attach the bore brush to the thong and pull it through the bore several times.

c. Pull the rag through the bore several times until it shows no fouling.

d. Attach a clean, dry rag to the thong.

Item 8 How do you prevent rust, corrosion, sand, and dust in the bore in a hot, dry, and sandy climate?

a. Remove excess oil and keep the M203 temperature close to the outside temperature.

b. Clean and lubricate daily and keep muzzle and receiver covered. c. Keep weapon free of moisture and close to outside temperature. d. Inspect daily.

(67)

Lesson 2 Exercise,

Continued

1 b 2-14 2 c 2-15 3 a 2-17 4 d 2-18 5 a 2-18 6 c 2-18 7 b 2-18 8 b 2-19

(68)

LESSON 3

ASSEMBLING, CONDUCTING THE FUNCTION CHECK, AND

FIRING

Introduction

Estimated

Lesson Scope This lesson discusses how to assemble, perform a function check, and accurately fire the M203 grenade launcher.

Learning

· Identify the steps to assemble the M203 grenade launcher.

· Identify the steps to perform a function check on the M203 grenade launcher.

· Identify the steps to load M203 grenade launcher.

· Identify the three methods to firing the M203 grenade launcher.

· Identify the steps to adjust the sight leaf on the M203 grenade launcher. · Identify the steps to adjust the quadrant sight on the M203 grenade

launcher.

(69)

Introduction,

Continued

Topic See Page

Introduction 2-23 Assembling 2-25

Performing a Function Check 2-26

Loading 2-28 Firing 2-29

Adjusting and Operating the Leaf Sight 2-30

Adjust and Operating the Quadrant Sight 2-33

(70)

Assembling

Procedure After you have cleaned your M203 grenade launcher, you are ready to

assemble your weapon. To assemble the M203 grenade launcher, replace the parts in the reverse order of disassembly as shown in the table below.

Step Action

1 Depress the barrel stop and slide the barrel assembly onto the receiver and close.

2 Install the handguards and secure them with the slip ring.

3 Mount the quadrant sight bracket and the quadrant sight

assembly on the carrying handle of the service rifle. Tighten the mounting screw.

(71)

Performing a Function Check

Purpose Perform a function check to be sure that your M203 grenade launcher works. The areas you must inspect to perform a function check are the

· Safety and trigger

· Barrel stop and barrel latch

Safety and

Trigger To check the safety and trigger follow the steps listed in the table below:

Step Action Result

1 Cock the launcher and squeeze the trigger.

You should hear the firing pin release.

2 Hold the trigger to rear and cock the launcher.

N/A 3 Release the trigger and then squeeze

trigger again.

Firing pin should release. 4 Cock the launcher and check that the

safety moves to the safe and fire positions.

Doing this checks that the sear is functioning properly to ensure launcher does not accidentally fire.

Note: The launcher must be cocked before the safety can be placed in the safe position.

(72)

Performing a Function Check,

Continued

Barrel Stop and Barrel Latch

Move the barrel forward and backward. Check that the stop and latch function properly, locking the barrel open and closed.

(73)

Loading

Procedure To load the M203 grenade launcher, follow the steps in the table below.

Step Action

1 Move the safety to the safe position.

2 Press the barrel latch and slide the barrel forward.

3 Insert ammunition into the chamber.

(74)

Firing

Three Methods The three methods of firing the M203 grenade launcher are the · Rifle sight methods

· Leaf sight method · Quadrant sight method

Rifle Sight

Method To engage targets under 50 meters, lower the leaf sight and use _{the rifle sights, aiming at the foot of the target, as shown below.}

(75)

Firing,

Continued

Leaf Sight

Method To engage targets between 50 and 250 meters, use the leaf sight and front _{sight post of the M16A2 rifle as shown below.}

(76)

Firing,

Continued

Adjust Leaf

Sight To adjust leaf sight, follow the steps in the table below.

Step Action

1 To change the range of point of impact, loosen the elevation adjustment screw and adjust the leaf sight as follows: · To increase the range, raise the leaf sight. · To decrease range, lower the leaf sight.

Notes: One increment equals 10 meters at 200 meters. Use the rim of a used 40-mm cartridge to turn the elevation adjustment screw.

2 To change the point of impact horizontally, turn the sight windage screw

· Clockwise to adjust for wind from the left.

· Counterclockwise to adjust for wind from the right. Note: One increment equals 1.5 meters at 200 meters.

(77)

Firing,

Continued

Leaf Sight

Components The components of the sight leaf are illustrated in the picture below.

Leaf Sight Picture Alignment

Align the target with the 200-meter range increment of the sight leaf and the front sight post.

(78)

Firing,

Continued

Quadrant Sight

Method The gunner uses the quadrant sight to engage targets from 50 to 400 meters.

Adjusting the

Quadrant Sight To adjust the quadrant sight, follow the steps in the table below.

Step Action

1 To adjust elevation, pull the latch on the quadrant sight arm toward you and release it at the selected elevation.

Note: One notch equals 5 meters at 200 meters.

2 To adjust for headwind and rear wind, turn the front sight post. · Left to increase range.

· Right to decrease range. 3 To adjust for left and right wind

· Depress the retainer and slide the rear aperture in to adjust for wind from the right.

· Slide the rear aperture out to adjust for wind from the left. Note: The vertical line marks the center. One notch equals

1.5 meters at 200 meters.

(79)

Firing,

Continued

Quadrant Sight The diagram below shows the quadrant sight and its major components.

Quadrant Sight

(80)

Lesson 3 Exercise

Estimated

Directions Complete items 1 through 5 by performing the action required. Check your answers against those listed at the end of this lesson.

Item 1 What are the steps the gunner must perform to assemble the M203 grenade launcher?

a. The reverse steps of disassembly b. Same steps as disassembly c. The quickest method

d. Steps according to unit SOP

Item 2 The areas to inspect while performing a function check on the M203 grenade launcher are the barrel stop, barrel latch, trigger, and the

a. breech assembly. b. receiver tracks.

c. quadrant sight assembly. d. safety.

Item 3 What is the first step to load the M203 grenade launcher? a. Slide the barrel forward.

b. Move the safety to safety position. c. Set range on leaf sight.

d. Cock weapon.

(81)

Lesson 3 Exercise,

Continued

Item 4 The gunner uses leaf sight method of fire to engage to engage targets at what ranges in meters?

a. 50-150 b. 50-400 c. 50-300 d. 50-250

Item 5 To adjust the elevation adjustment screw on M203 leaf sight, the gunner uses a

a. screwdriver. b. multipurpose tool. c. used 40 mm cartridge. d. cleaning rod handle.

Item 6 When engaging targets with the quadrant sight, what must you do to adjust the elevation or range to target?

a. Pull the latch on quadrant sight arm toward you and release at the selected elevation.

b. Move the rear sight aperture right or left.

c. Move the front sight post away from or toward the barrel. d. Move the rear sight aperture away from or toward the barrel.

(82)

Lesson 3 Exercise,

Continued

1 a 2-25 2 d 2-26 3 b 2-28 4 d 2-30 5 c 2-31 6 a 2-33

(83)

(84)

LESSON 4

STOPPAGES, IMMEDIATE ACTION, AND EMPLOYMENT

Introduction

Estimated

Lesson Scope The objective of this lesson is to teach you how to identify stoppages and their causes, perform immediate action, and identify the offensive and defensive capabilities of the M203 grenade launcher.

Learning

· Define a stoppage of the M203 grenade launcher.

· Identify the steps for immediate action on the M203 grenade launcher. · Identify criteria for employing the M203 grenade launcher.

(85)

Introduction,

Continued

Topic See Page

Introduction 2-39 Stoppages 2-41

Immediate Action 2-42

Employment 2-43

(86)

Stoppages

Definitions A stoppage is any unintentional interruption in the functioning of the weapon. A failure to fire can be a

· Hangfire. A hangfire is a delay in the functioning of a propelling charge explosive train at the time of firing.

· Misfire. A misfire is a complete failure to fire. A misfire itself is not dangerous but since it cannot be immediately distinguished from a hangfire, you must consider it a hangfire until proven otherwise.

WARNING: The amount of delay for a hangfire is unpredictable. Consider

all stoppages to be hangfires until proven otherwise.

Common Stoppages and Their Causes

The table below lists common M203 grenade launcher stoppages and their causes.

STOPPAGE CHECK FOR HOW TO FIX IT

Too much water or oil in back of breech insert

Point weapon up 30 seconds and hand function.

Dirt or residue in firing pin hole

Clean Dirt in locator slot Clean Failure to fire

Faulty ammunition Replace.

Failure to extract Casing stuck in barrel Remove with rifle cleaning rod. Failure to chamber Faulty ammunition or

dirty chamber Replace ammunition or clean bore and chamber. Failure to lock Dirty follower or receiver

(87)

Immediate Action

Definition Immediate action is the unhesitating application of a probable remedy when you have not definitely identified the actual cause of a stoppage.

Procedure Because of the possibility of a misfire or hangfire, use caution while you perform immediate action procedures. To apply immediate action, complete the steps in the following table.

Step Action

1 Shout “Misfire,” keeping the weapon pointed down range. Be sure all Marines are clear of the muzzle.

Note: Shouting misfire should apply only to training situations.

WARNING: Before you try to remove the ammunition from

the grenade launcher, clear Marines not required for the operation from the vicinity.

2 Wait 30 seconds from the time of failure before opening the breech to unload.

3 Catch the ejected ammunition or reduce the distance of free fall to the ground.

4 Determine if the removed ammunition or the firing mechanism are defective by examining the

· Primer of the ammunition for dents · Firing mechanism

Note: If the primer has not been dented, then the firing

mechanism is at fault. After the cause of the failure to fire has been corrected, reload the ammunition and continue firing.

5 If the primer has been dented, keep the round separate from other ammunition and follow the unit SOP for disposal.

(88)

Employment

Trajectory In employing the M203 grenade launcher to its maximum capability, you must understand the trajectory of rounds, effects of the ammunition, and the methods of firing.

At ranges up to 150 meters, the M203 grenade launcher has a relatively flat trajectory. Therefore, you can fire the M203 grenade launcher from your shoulder in the normal manner.

However, as the range increases, the height of the trajectory and the time of flight of the projectile increase.

Effects of M203 Grenade Launcher Fire

The effective casualty radius is the radius of a circle around the point of detonation.

Since the high explosive grenade has an effective casualty radius of 5 meters, you can expect 50 percent of exposed troops to become casualties.

Offensive

Employment The grenadier can use the M203 grenade launcher offensively to

· Destroy groups of enemy personnel

· Provide close fire support in an assault together with other supporting fires

The fire team leader/grenadier selects targets and delivers the M203 grenade launcher fires during the attack. The grenadier may fire high explosive (HE) ammunition only at targets far enough away so that the exploding HE will not endanger the assaulting squad.

In the last 35 meters of an assault (when M203 grenade launcher fires may endanger friendly assaulting troops), the grenadier should employ the multiprojectile antipersonnel ammunition.

During an assault, the grenadier can employ the M16A2 rifle until suitable targets appear or until there is time to reload the M203 grenade launcher.

(89)

Employment,

Continued

Suitable

Targets Suitable M203 grenade launcher targets are

· Enemy automatic rifle positions · Machinegun positions

· Other crew-served weapons within the fire team sector

Defensive

Employment Defensively, your firing position should enable you to deliver M203 grenades _{over the entire team sector. Primary and supplementary positions that you}

prepare in the defense must provide maximum cover and concealment consistent with the assigned mission.

WARNING: You must be sure that fields of fire are cleared of

obstructions that might cause premature detonation of a projectile.

As the enemy approaches your unit’s defensive position, your goal is to subject them to an ever-increasing volume of fire. Initially, you should use your rifle.

Use of Grenade

Launcher As the enemy gets nearer to friendly positions, use your grenade launcher to _{fire on enemy}

· Automatic weapons · Troops in defilade

This will silence an enemy base of fire and cause enemy troops to leave covered positions. Then automatic rifle fire can engage them.