Structural Engineers Pocket Book
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(2) This Page Intentionally Left Blank. AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO. Fiona Cobb. Structural Engineer’s Pocket Book.
(3) Typeset by Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd, Pondicherry, India www.integra-india.com Printed and bound in Great Britain. For information on all Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann publications visit our website at http://books.elsevier.com. ISBN 0 7506 5638 7. Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science and Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (þ44) (0) 1865 843830; fax: (þ44) (0) 1865 853333; e-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://www.elsevier.com), by selecting ‘Customer Support’ and then ‘Obtaining Permissions’. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publisher. The right of Fiona Cobb to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Copyright ª 2004, Fiona Cobb. All rights reserved. First published 2004. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 200 Wheeler Rd, Burlington, MA 01803. 3. 2. Design Data Design data checklist Structural form, stability and robustness Structural movement joints Fire resistance periods for structural elements Typical building tolerances Historical use of building materials Typical weights of building materials Minimum imposed floor loads Typical unit floor and roof loadings Wind loading Barrier and handrail loadings. Statutory Authorities and Permissions Planning Building regulations and standards Listed buildings Conservation areas and Tree preservation orders Archaeology and ancient monuments Party Wall etc. Act CDM. General Information Metric system Typical metric units for UK structural engineering Imperial units Conversion factors Measurement of angles Construction documentation and procurement Drawing conventions Common arrangement of work sections Summary of ACE conditions of engagement. 25 26 29 30 31 32 34 38 41 43 44. 13 14 17 18 19 21 24. 3 4 5 6 8 10 11. 1 2. xi. Acknowledgements 1. ix. Preface. Contents.
(4) Basic and Shortcut Tools for Structural Analysis Load factors and limit states Geometric section properties Parallel axis theorem and Composite sections Material properties Coefficients of linear thermal expansion Coefficients of friction Sign conventions Beam bending theory Deflection limits Beam bending and deflection formulae Clapeyron’s equations of three moments Continuous beam bending formulae Struts Rigid frames under lateral loads Plates Torsion Taut wires, cables and chains Vibration. Geotechnics Geotechnics Selection of foundations and retaining walls Site investigation Soil classification Typical soil properties Preliminary sizing Trees and shallow foundations Contamined land. Timber and Plywood Timber Timber section sizes Laminated timber products Durability and fire resistance Preliminary sizing of timber elements. 5. 6. Selection of materials Selection of floor construction Transportation Temporary works toolkit. Contents. 4. vi. 117 119 120 122 125. 92 93 94 95 96 100 109 113. 55 56 60 61 64 65 66 67 68 69 76 78 79 81 84 88 89 91. 46 47 48 52. 208 210 239 242 246 249 261 269. 275 277 281. 284 287 288 289 291 293. Structural Steel Structural steel Mild steel section sizes and tolerances Slenderness Durability and fire resistance Preliminary sizing of steel elements Steel design to BS 5950 Steel design to BS 449 Stainless steel to BS 5950. 9. 10 Composite Steel and Concrete Composite steel and concrete Preliminary sizing of composite elements Composite design to BS 5950 11 Structural Glass Structural glass Typical glass section sizes and thicknesses Durability and fire resistance Typical glass sizes for common applications Structural glass design Connections. 175 177 179 180 182 185 205 207. Reinforced Concrete Reinforced concrete Concrete mixes Durability and fire resistance Preliminary sizing of concrete elements Reinforcement Concrete design to BS 8110 Reinforcement bar bending to BS 8666 Reinforcement estimates. 8. 141 143 147 148 152 166 168 170. Masonry Masonry Geometry and arrangement Durability and fire resistance Preliminary sizing of masonry elements Masonry design to BS 5628 Masonry design to CP111 Lintel design to BS 5977 Masonry accessories. 127 135. vii. 7. Timber design to BS 5268 Timber joints. Contents.
(5) 331 336 339. Sources. Index. 314. Further Reading. Useful Mathematics. 13. 295 296 299 300 301 302 304 307 308 310. 320. Building Elements, Materials, Fixings and Fastenings Waterproofing Basement waterproofing Screeds Precast concrete hollowcore slabs Bi-metallic corrosion Structural adhesives Fixings and fastenings Cold weather working Effect of fire on construction materials Aluminium. 12. Useful Addresses. Contents. viii. Fiona Cobb. Despite my best efforts, there may be some errors and omissions. I would be interested to receive any comments, corrections or suggestions on the content of the book by email at [email protected]. Obviously, it has been difficult to decide what information can be included and still keep the book a compact size. Therefore any proposals for additional material should be accompanied by a proposal for an omission of roughly the same size – the reader should then appreciate the many dilemmas that I have had during the preparation of the book! If there is an opportunity for a second edition, I will attempt to accommodate any suggestions which are sent to me and I hope that you find the Structural Engineer’s Pocket Book useful.. The book is not intended as a textbook; there are no worked examples and the information is not prescriptive. Design methods from British Standards have been included and summarized, but obviously these are not the only way of proving structural adequacy. Preliminary sizing and shortcuts are intended to give the engineer a ’feel’ for the structure before beginning design calculations. All of the data should be used in context, using engineering judgement and current good practice. Where no reference is given, the information has been compiled from several different sources.. As a student or graduate engineer it is difficult to source basic design data. Having been unable to find a compact book containing this information, I decided to compile my own after seeing a pocket book for architects. I realised that a Structural Engineer’s Pocket Book might be useful for other engineers and construction industry professionals. My aim has been to gather useful facts and figures for use in preliminary design in the office, on site or in the IStructE Part 3 exam, based on UK conventions.. Preface.
(6) This Page Intentionally Left Blank. Price & Myers for giving me varied and interesting work, without which this book would not have been possible! Paul Batty, David Derby, Sarah Fawcus, Step Haiselden, Simon Jewell, Chris Morrisey, Mark Peldmanis, Sam Price, Helen Remordina, Harry Stocks and Paul Toplis for their comments and help reviewing chapters. Colin Ferguson, Derek Fordyce, Phil Gee, Alex Hollingsworth, Paul Johnson, Deri Jones, Robert Myers, Dave Rayment and Andy Toohey for their help, ideas, support, advice and/or inspiration at various points in the preparation of the book. Renata Corbani, Rebecca Rue and Sarah Hunt at Elsevier. The technical and marketing representatives of the organizations mentioned in the book. Last but not least, thanks to Jim Cobb, Elaine Cobb, Iain Chapman for his support and the loan of his computer and Jean Cobb for her help with typing and proof reading.. Thanks to the following people and organizations:. Acknowledgements.
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(417) . ". %. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Description/building use Client brief and requirements Site constraints Loadings Structural form: load transfer, stability and robustness Materials Movement joints Durability Fire resistance Performance criteria: deflection, vibration, etc. Temporary works and construction issues Soil conditions, foundations and ground slab Miscellaneous issues. The following design data checklist is a useful reminder of all of the limiting criteria which should be considered when selecting an appropriate structural form:. Design data checklist. Design Data. 3.
(418) Structural Engineer’s Pocket Book. Thrust. Northlight (5–15 m steel). Bowshing. Northlight (>5 m steel). Warren. Fink. Vierendeel. Pratt. Howe. Double lattice. GIRDERS. Fan (8–15 m steel). Scissor (6–10 m steel/ timber). Fink (>10 m steel/ timber). King post. Umbrella (~13 m steel). Double howe (8–15 m steel/ timber). Howe (>10 m steel/ timber). Bowshing (20–40 m steel). Tied rafter. Couple. TRUSSES. Modified fink. Modified warren. Saw tooth (~5 m steel). French truss (12–20 m steel). Double scissor (10–13 m steel/ timber). Double fink (5–14 m timber) (8–13 m steel). Queen post. It is worth trying to remember the different structural forms when developing a scheme design. A particular structural form might fit the vision for the form of the building. Force or moment diagrams might suggest a building shape. The following diagrams of structural form are intended as useful reminders:. Structural form. Structural form, stability and robustness. 26. Embedded. RETAINING WALLS. Ply/ply stressed skin. TIMBER. Solid. WALLS. Cable stay. SUSPENSION. Thrust. ARCHES. All fixed. PORTAL FRAMES. Tied. Cantilever. Ply web. Flitched. Diaphragm. Gravity or reinforced earth. Ply/timber stressed skin. Chevron. 3 pin. 3 pin. Closed suspension. 2 pin mansard. Suspension. Piers. 2 pin. Design Data. 27.
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