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Algological Investigations of Hungarian Forest Soils III. Soil Algal Surface Communities in Mts. Mátra

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A N N A L E S H I S T O R I C O - N A T U R A L E S M U S E I N A T I O N A L I S H U N G A R I C I

T o m u s 6 7 . B u d a p e s t 1 9 7 5 .

Algological Investigations of H u n g a r i a n Forest Soils I I I .

Soil Algal Surface C o m m u n i t i e s i n Mts. M á t r a

by Zs. P . - K O M Á R O M Y , Budapest

Abstract —

S o m e s a m p l e s f r o m s o i l a l g a l c o a t s w e r e c o l l e c t e d i n M t s . M á t r a . 1 5 a l g a s p e c i e s w e r e i d e n t i f i e d : 4 C y a n o p h y c e a e , 4 C h l o r o p h y c e a e , 2 X a n t h o p h y c e a e a n d 5 D i a -t o m o p h y e e a e . T h e s p e c i e s a r e b r i e f l y d e s c r i b e d h e r e , a n d i -t i s -t h e f i r s -t -t i m e -t h a -t -t h e y a r e r e p o r t e d f r o m t h e s o i l o f M t s . M á t r a . W i t h 1 5 f i g u r e s .

I n March, 1973 when I collected soil algal samples i n the forests of Mts. M á t r a ,

I found many algal coats on the soil surface (soil algal communities from the sur­

face) i n the environs of the villages Mátrafüred and P a r á d ó h u t a . These algae were

on footpaths and on brook's banks, moistened b y melting snow. I cut many sam­

ples from these algal coats, different sizes of 1 centimeter thickness. The soil

samples were placed into sterile Petri dishes. From these samples 15 alga species

were identified including 4 Cyanophyceae, 4 Chlorophyceae, 2 Xanthophyceae

and 5 Diatomophyceae. The species briefly described below are reported for the

first time from the soil of Mts. M á t r a .

C Y A N O P H Y C E A E

Phormidium autumnale

( A G . )

GOM.

( F i g . 1 )

-

T h e c o l o n i e s a r e b l u e - g r e e n , y e l l o w i s h o r l i l a c i n c o l o u r . T r i c h o m e s a r e s t r a i g h t 5 — 6 j x m w i d e w i t h h u m p e d a n d t a p e r e d e n d . T h e s h e a t h s a r e h y a l i n e a n d t h i n . T h e c e l l s a r e q u a d r a n g u l a r 3 — 6 p u n l o n g a n d 5 — 6 p i r n w i d e w i t h g r a n u l e s o n t h e c r o s s w a l l s . T h e a p i c a l c e l l i s h e a d e d w i t h c a l y p t r a .

O c c u r r e n c e : o n m o i s t s o i l n e a r t h e v ü l a g e M á t r a f ü r e d .

Phormidium tenue ( M E N E G H . ) GOM.

( F i g . 2 ) — T r i c h o m e s a r e b e n t d e n s e l y , e n t a n g l e d w i t h l i g h t b l u e - g r e e n c o l o u r . T h e e n d o f t r i c h o m e s i s s t r a i g h t . T h e c e l l s a r e 1 . 5 — 2 j i m w i d e a n d 2 — 3 p u n l o n g a n d s l i g h t l y c o n s t r i c t e d a t t h e s e p t a . T h e e n d c e l l s a r e a t t e n u a t e d . T h e s h e a t h s a r e h y a l i n e . T h e e n d c e l l i s a c u t e - c o n i c a l . T h e c e n t r o p l a s m a o f t h e c e l l s i s w e l l d i s t i n g u i s h a b l e .

O c c u r r e n c e : o n s o i l s u r f a c e n e a r M á t r a f ü r e d a n d o n M t . S o m ( n e a r P a r á d ó h u t a ) .

Phormidium valderianum

( D E L P . )

GOM.

( F i g . 3 ) — C o l o n i e s a r e b r o w n i s h - g r e y . T r i c h o m e s a r e 2 — 3 p i m w i d e , b e n t d e n s e l y e n t a n g l e d . T h e s h e a t h o f t h e y o u n g f i l a m e n t s i s t h i n a n d h y a l i n e . T h e m a t u r e s h e a t h s a r e t h i c k w i t h d a r k b r o w n i s h c o l o u r . T h e r e a r e m a n y m a t u r e s h e a t h s w i t h o u t f i l a m e n t s . T r i c h o m e s a r e 2 u r n w i d e w i t h b l u e - g r e e n c o l o u r . T h e c e l l s a r e 2 — 5 [ i m l o n g w i t h 1—2 g r a n u l e s o n t h e c r o s s w a l l s . T h e a p i c a l c e l l i s b r o a d l y r o u n d e d w i t h o u t c a l y p t r a . O c c u r r e n c e : o n m o i s t s o i l n e a r M á t r a f ü r e d . Tolypothrix tenuis K Ü T Z . ( F i g . 4 ) — T h e p l a n t m a s s i s b r i g h t b l u e - g r e e n i n c o l o u r . T h e t r i c h o m e s a r e 6 — 6 . 5 p i m w i d e . T h e f i l a m e n t s a r e 5 — 5 . 5 p u n i n w i d t h . T h e c e l l s a r e e s s e n t i a l l y q u a d r a t e a n d n o t c o n s t r i c t e d a t t h e s e p t a . T h e f a l s e b r a n c h e s o c c u r s i n g l y a t a h e t e r o c y s t , t h e l a t t e r i s s p h e r i c a l o r q u a d r a t e , 6 — 8 pom i n d i a m e t e r . O c c u r r e n c e : o n f o o t p a t h o n M t . S o m .

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C H L O R O P H Y C E A E

Chlorella botryoides

B .

P E T E R S E N

( F i g . 5 )

T h e g r o w t h c o n s i s t e d o f r o u n d c e l l s o f d i v e r s e s i z e , t h e b i g g e s t c e l l s m e a s u r i n g 1 8 — 2 5 p i m , t h e s m a l l e s t o n e s 3 — 7 p i m i n d i a m e t e r . T h e l a r g e p a r i e t a l e h l o r o p l a s t w a s d i s t i n c t l y l o b e d . I n t h e l a r g e c e l l s a n e l l i p s o i d a l p y r e n o i d w a s e m b e d d e d i n t h e e h l o r o p l a s t , b u t i n t h e s m a l l o n e s t h e p y r e n o i d w a s n o t a l w a y s v i s i b l e . S m a l l o i l d r o p s w e r e s c a t t e r e d i n t h e c y t o p l a s m . S o m e o f t h e l a r g e r c e l l s s h o w e d f o r m a t i o n o f s o m e ( 4 — 8 ) a u t o s p o r e s , l i b e r a t e d b y i r r e g u l a r r u p t u r e o f t h e c e l l w a l l . O c c u r r e n c e : o n m o i s t s o i l o u M t . S o m .

Chloroeoccum humicolum ( N A E G . ) R A B E N H . ( F i g . 6 ) — T h e i n d i v i d u a l c e l l s v a r y i n

d i a m e t e r b e t w e e n (j a n d 12 p u n , b e i n g r o u n d o r f l a t t e n e d b y c o n t a c t w i t h t h e n e i g h b o u r i n g -c e l l s . T h e -c e l l w a l l i s t h i n . T h e -c e l l s h a v e a p a r i e t a l p o t - s h a p e d e h l o r o p l a s t w i t h a s i n g l e p y r e n o i d . M a n y c e l l s o f t e n u n i t e i n t o f a m i l i e s , i n v o l v e d i n a c o m m o n h y a l i n e t e g u m e n t . R e p r o d u c e b y z o o s p o r e s a n d a u t o s p o r e s a s w e l l . T h e z o o s p o r e s ( 5 — 9 p i m l o n g , 3 — 6 u r n w i d e ) a r e b i f l a g e l l a t e , e l l i p s o i d a l i n s h a p e w i t h a c u p - s h a p e d e h l o r o p l a s t a n d a s m a l l s t i g m a . W h e n s w a r r n e r s c o m e t o r e s t t h e y b e c o m e r o u n d e d . T h e s w a r m e r s f r e q u e n t l y a c t a s g a m e t e s , p a i r s o f t h e m b e c o m i n g e n t a n g l e d b y t h e i r f l a g e l l a a n d g r a d u a l l y f u s e . N o m o r p h o l o g i c a l d i f f e r e n c e w a s a p p a r e n t b e t w e e n t h e z o o s p o r e s a n d g a m e t e s . S o m e t i m e s r o u n d e d a u t o s p o r e s a r e f o r m e d a n d l i b e r a t e d b y t h e r u p t u r e o f t h e w a l l o r b y i t s g r a d u a l g e l a t i n i z a t i o n . O c c u r r e n c e : o n M t . S o m ( o n b r o o k ' s b a n k ) a m o n g o t h e r s p e c i e s .

Keratoeoccus bicaudatus (HANSG.)

B .

P E T E R S E N

( F i g . 7) — T h e c e l l s a r e s p i n d e l - s h a p e d w i t h l o n g e r o r s h o r t e r a c u m i n a t i o n a n d t h e y h a v e t h i n w a l l s . T h e c e l l s a r e 1 5 — 1 8 p i m l o n g . T h e w i d t h a t t h e b r o a d e s t p a r t o f t h e c e l l i s f r o m 5 u r n t o 7 p i m . T h e e h l o r o p l a s t i s p a r i e t a l a n d s o m e t i m e s f o l d e d w i t h o r w i t h o u t p y r e n o i d . T h e c y t o p l a s m o f t h e o l d e r c e l l s i s g r a n u ­ l a r . R e p r o d u c t i o n : b y 2 — 4 a u t o s p o r e s . O c c u r r e n c e : o n b r o o k ' s b a n k o n M t . S o m a n d o n m o i s t s o i l n e a r t h e v i l l a g e P a r á d ó ­ h u t a .

Oocyst is asymmetr ira W . W E S T ( F i g . 8 ) — T h e c e l l s a r e a s y m m e t r i c a l o v a l o r s p h e r i c a l .

O n o n e s i d e t h e y a r e m o r e c o n v e x t h a n o n o t h e r . T h e c e l l s a r e 2 — 1 0 p i m w i d e a n d 8 — 1 3 p i m l o n g . T h e c e l l w a l l i s t h i c k w i t h a l i t t l e t h i c k e n i n g a t e a c h p o l e . T h e e h l o r o p l a s t i s p a r i e t a l w i t h t o o t h e d e d g e . T h e r e i s o n e p y r e n o i d e m b e d d e d i n t h e e h l o r o p l a s t . R e p r o d u c e b y a u t o s p o r e s . O c c u r r e n c e : o n s o i l s u r f a c e n e a r M á t r a f ü r e d a n d o n M t . S o m ( o n b r o o k ' s b a n k ) . X A N T H O P H Y C E A E

Chlorocloster simplex PASCH.

( F i g . 9 ) — T h e c e l l s a r e s l i g h t l y b e n d e d , s p i n d l e - s h a p e d 1 3 — 1 G p i m l o n g a n d 4 — 5 p i m w i d e , w i t h t a p e r e d a n d r o u n d e d e n d s . T h e e h l o r o p l a s t u s u a l l y i s a p a r i e t a l l a m e l l a w i t h f o l d e d e d g e . T h e c y t o p l a s m o f t e n c o n t a i n s s o m e o i l d r o p s . R e p r o d u c t i o n b y a u t o s p o r e s . O c c u r r e n c e : o n m o i s t s o i l n e a r t h e v i l l a g e M á t r a f ü r e d a n d o n M t . V á r n e a r P a r á d ó ­ h u t a .

Monodus subterranea

B .

P E T E R S E N

( F i g . 1 0 )

T h e c e l l s a r e o v o i d o r o b l o n g o v a t e 7—9 p i m l o n g a n d 3 — 4 p i m w i d e . O n e o f t h e p o l e s i s b r o a d l y r o u n d e d , t h e o t h e r p o i n t e d . T h e e h l o r o p l a s t i s a s i n g l e p a r i e t a l l a m e l l a s o m e t i m e s f o l d e d . T h e c y t o p l a s m i s f r e q u e n t l y g r a n u l a r w i t h s m a l l o i l d r o p s . R e p r o d u c t i o n b y a u t o s p o r e s . O c c u r r e n c e : o n m o i s t s o i l i n T a r i s k a m e a d o w n e a r t h e v i l l a g e P a r á d ó h u t a .

F i g s . 1—6. — 1 =

Phormidium autumnale

( A G . )

GOM. —

2 =

Phormidium-tenue

(.M

ENKGU.)

GOM. — 3 = I

J

hormidium valderianum ( D E E P . ) GOM. — 4 = Tolypothrix tenuis K Ü T Z . •—

5 = Chlorella botryoides B . P E T E R S E N — (3 —

Chloroeoccum humicolum ( N A E G . ) R A B E N H . —

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D I A T O M O P H Y C E A E Hantzschia amphyoxis ( E H R . ) GRTJN. ( F i g . 1 1 )

T h e v a l v e s a r e c o n c a v e i n t h e m i d d l e o f o n e s i d e a n d c o n v e x o n t h e o t h e r w i t h r o u n d e d p o l e s . T h e c e l l s a r e 5 4 — 7 0 p u n l o n g a n d 1 0 — 1 3 p i m w i d e i n t h e m i d d l e . T h e t r a n s v e r s a l s t r i a t i o n s a r e p a r a l l e l , t h e r e a r e 1 5 — 2 0 i n 1 0 p i m . O c c u r r e n c e : o n m o i s t s o i l n e a r M á t r a f ü r e d . Navicula mutica K Ü T Z . ( F i g . 1 2 ) — T h e v a l v e s a r e o v a l w i t h r o u n d e d a p i c e s , t h e y a r e 1 3 — 2 0 p i m l o n g a n d 7 — 8 . 5 p i m w i d e . T h e a x i a l a r e a i s n a r r o w a n d l i n e a r . T h e c e n t r a l a r e a i s c i r c u l a r - r e c t a n g u l a r . T h e r e a r e 1 5 — 1 8 r a d i a l t r a n s a p i c a l s t r i a e i n 1 0 p i m , t h e y a r e p u n c t a t e . O c c u r r e n c e : o n s o i l s u r f a c e n e a r M á t r a f ü r e d a n d o n f o o t p a t h o n M t . S o m . Navicula gibbula C L E V E ( F i g . 1 3 )

T h e v a l v e s a r e e l l i p t i c w i t h w i d e l y r o u n d e d a p i c e s . T h e c e l l s a r e 2 6 — 3 4 p i m l o n g a n d 6 — 1 0 p i m w i d e . T h e a x i a l a r e a i s n a r r o w a n d l i n e a r , w i d e n i n g i n t h e m i d d l e , d u e t o t h e r e g u l a r s h o r t e n i n g o f t h e c e n t r a l s t r i a e , t o f o r m a n e l l i p t i c a l c e n t r a l a r e a . T h e t r a n s a p i c a l s t r i a e a r e s l i g h t l y r a d i a l a t t h e c e n t r e b e c o m i n g p a r a l l e l a t t h e p o l e s . T h e s t r i a e a r e p u n c t a t e , t h e r e a r e 1 5 — 1 6 s t r i a e i n 1 0 p i m . O c c u r r e n c e : o n s o i l s u r f a c e n e a r M á t r a f ü r e d . Pinnularia borealis E H R . ( F i g . 1 4 )

T h e v a l v e s a r e l i n e a r - e l l i p t i c w i t h s l i g h t l y c o n c a v e o r s t r a i g h t s i d e s . T h e a p i c e s a r e w i d e l y r o u n d e d . T h e c e l l s a r e 2 4 — 3 8 p i m l o n g a n d 1 1 — 1 3 p i m w i d e . T h e a x i a l a r e a i s s m a l l , w i d e n i n g i n t h e m i d d l e . T h e r a p h e i s l i n e a r , i t i s b e c o m i n g f i l i f o r m n e a r t h e p o l e s . T h e t r a n s a p i c a l c o s t a e a r e 4 — 5 i n 1 0 p i m . T h e y a r e p a r a l l e l o r s l i g h t l y c o n v e r g e n t , r e g u l a r l y s h o r t e n i n g a t t h e c e n t r e . O c c u r r e n c e : T a r i s k a m e a d o w n e a r P a r á d ó h u t a a n d n e a r M á t r a f ü r e d . Pinnularia subcapitata G R E G O R Y ( F i g . 1 5 ) — T h e v a l v e s a r e l i n e a r - e l l i p t i c o r l a n ­ c e o l a t e w i t h s l i g h t l y c o n c a v e o r s t r a i g h t s i d e s . T h e c e l l s a r e 2 5 — 3 0 p i m l o n g ( t o 5 0 p i m ) a n d 5 — 6 p i m w i d e . T h e a x i a l a r e a i s n a r r o w . T h e r a p h e i s f i l i f o r m n e a r t h e p o l e s . T h e c e n t r a l a r e a m a y f o r m a t r a n s v e r s e f a s c i a o f v a r y i n g w i d t h . T h e r e a r e 1 4 — 1 6 t r a n s a p i c a l s t r i a e i n 1 0 p i m , s l i g h t l y c o n v e r g e n t a t t h e c e n t r e . O c c u r r e n c e : T a r i s k a m e a d o w n e a r P a r á d ó h u t a .

References

G E I T L E R , L . ( 1 9 3 2 ) : C y a n o p h y c e a e . — RABENHORT'S K r y p t o g a m e n - F l o r a , 1 4 , L e i p z i g . P A S C H E R , A . ( 1 9 3 9 ) : H e t e r o c o n t e n . — RABENHORT'S K r y p t o g a m e n - F l o r a , 1 1 , L e i p z i g . P A S C H E R , A . ( 1 9 1 3 — 1 9 3 0 ) : D i e S ü s s w a s s e r - F l o r a M i t t e l e u r o p a s , 1 — 1 1 . — J e n a . Author's address: Zs. P . - K O M A H O M Y Botanical Department

Hungarian Natural History Museum H-1146 Budapest, Vajdahuny ad vár Hungary

F i g s . 7 — 1 5 . — 7 = Keratococcus bicaudatus ( H A N S G . ) B . P E T E R S E N — 8 = Oocytis

asymmetrica W . W E S T — 9 = G hlorocloster simplex P A S C H . — 1 0 = Monodus subterranea

B . P E T E R S E N — 11 = Hantzschia amphyoxis ( E H R . ) GRTJN. — 1 2 = Navicula mutica K Ü T Z . — 13 = Navicula gibbula C L E V E — 1 4 = Pinnularia borealis E H R . — 1 5 — Pinnu­

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References

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