Industry s First QoS- Enhanced MPLS TE Solution

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Industry’s First QoS

-

-Enhanced MPLS TE

Enhanced MPLS TE

Solution

Azhar Sayeed

Manager, IOS Product Management,

Manager, IOS Product Management, asayeed@cisco.com Contact Info: Kim Gibbons,

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Agenda

• MPLS Traffic Engineering (TE)

Technology and Applications

• Why Extend QoS into MPLS TE

• Guaranteed Bandwidth Services

QoS-enhanced MPLS Traffic Engineering

• The Cisco IOS Advantage

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MPLS Is The Key Technology for

IP Service Delivery

IP+ATM Switch IP+ATM Switch PNNI PNNI MPLSMPLS IP IP

IP+ATM—MPLS Brings IP and ATM Together

Network-Based VPNs with MPLS—A Foundation for Value Added Service Delivery

• Flexible user and service grouping (biz-to-biz) • Flexibility of IP and the QoS of ATM

• Enables application and content hosting inside each VPN • Transport independent

• Low provisioning costs enable affordable managed services

• Flexible user and service grouping (biz-to-biz) • Flexibility of IP and the QoS of ATM

• Enables application and content hosting inside each VPN • Transport independent

• Low provisioning costs enable affordable managed services

• Eliminates IP “over” ATM overhead and complexity

• One network for Internet, business IP VPNs, and transport

• Eliminates IP “over” ATM overhead and complexity

• One network for Internet, business IP VPNs, and transport

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Key Messages

• DiffServ-aware MPLS TE: A powerful

solution for improving network resource management

• Guaranteed Bandwidth Services: Assuring value-added services

Better availability with TE, scalable VPN solution

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What is MPLS Traffic Engineering?

• Process of routing data traffic in

order to balance the traffic load on

the various links, routers, and

switches in the network

• Key in most networks where multiple

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Why Traffic Engineering?

• Congestion in the network due to changing traffic patterns

Election news, online trading, major sports events

• Better utilization of available bandwidth

Route on the non-shortest path

• Route around failed links/nodes

Fast rerouting around failures, transparently to users Like SONET APS (Automatic Protection Switching)

• Virtual IP leased line services

VoIP Toll-Bypass applications, point-to-point bandwidth guarantees

• Capacity planning

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R8 R2 R6 R3 R4 R7 R5 R1

IP (Mostly) Uses Destination-Based Least-Cost Routing

Flows from R8 and R1 Merge at R2 and Become Indistinguishable From R2, Traffic to R3, R4, R5 Use Upper Route

IP (Mostly) Uses Destination-Based Least-Cost Routing

Flows from R8 and R1 Merge at R2 and Become Indistinguishable From R2, Traffic to R3, R4, R5 Use Upper Route

Alternate Path Under-Utilized

IP Routing and The Fish

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MPLS TE Application

• Protection solution

Similar to SONET’s automatic protection switching • Fast re-route

Goal is to match SONET restoral times—50 ms Locally patch around lost facilities

Locally re-route around failed links/nodes

Strategies

Alternate tunnel (1->1 mapping) or tunnel within tunnel (n->1 mapping)

How is this done?

Locally re-route traffic onto backup paths when informed by lower layers (SONET etc.)

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Node and Link Protection

R8 R2 R6 R3 R4 R7 R1 R5 R9

• Multiple hops can be by-passed. R2 swaps the label which R4

expects before pushing the label for R6

• R2 locally patches traffic onto the link with R6

• Multiple hops can be by-passed. R2 swaps the label which R4 expects before pushing the label for R6

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Cisco MPLS AutoBandwidth

• Automatically increases or decreases bandwidth reserved for an

MPLS TE tunnel based on measured traffic load

Tunnels are resized within a specified range based on actual traffic rates over time. Both time interval and bandwidth range are configurable.

• Makes it easy to configure and monitor bandwidth for MPLS TE

tunnels

• Automatically increases or decreases bandwidth reserved for an

MPLS TE tunnel based on measured traffic load

Tunnels are resized within a specified range based on actual traffic rates over time. Both time interval and bandwidth range are configurable.

• Makes it easy to configure and monitor bandwidth for MPLS TE

tunnels

Cisco

Cisco--unique feature!unique feature!

Minimum Maximum Total bandwidth for all TE tunnels on a path

Bandwidth reserved for a TE tunnel using Cisco AutoBandwidth allocator Bandwidth available to other tunnels Tunnel resized to

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End

-

_-

to

_to

-

_-

End Solution

_{End Solution}

via Cisco IOS

®®

Software

5 Mbps 5 Mbps 1 Mbps 1 Mbps HQ1 VPN HQ Back-up

VPN and Traffic Engineering Combined to Provide End-to-End Services

MPLS VPN

MPLS TE

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No state Best Effort Per-flow state IntServ / RSVP Aggregated state DiffServ

1. The original IP service

2. First efforts at IP QoS

3. Seeking simplicity and scale

Time

4. Bandwidth Optimization & End-to-End SLAs (IntServ+DiffServ+ Traffic Engineering)

The IP QoS Pendulum

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PROVISIONING & MONITORING PROVISIONING & MONITORING VPNsVPNs Multimedia Video Conferencing Collaboration Multimedia Video Conferencing Collaboration Mission Critical Mission Critical VoIPVoIP HybridHybrid MPLSMPLS DiffServDiffServ IntServIntServ

Signaling Techniques (RSVP, DSCP, ATM (UNI/NNI))Signaling Techniques (RSVP, DSCP, ATM (UNI/NNI))

Link Efficiency Mechanisms (Compression, Fragmentation)Link Efficiency Mechanisms (Compression, Fragmentation) Congestion Avoidance Techniques (WRED)Congestion Avoidance Techniques (WRED)

Congestion Management Techniques (PQ, WFQ, LLQ)Congestion Management Techniques (PQ, WFQ, LLQ)

Classification & Marking Techniques (DSCP, IP Precedence, NBAR, etc.)Classification & Marking Techniques (DSCP, IP Precedence, NBAR, etc.)

Frame Relay

Frame

Relay _HDLCPPPHDLCPPP SDLCSDLC ATM, POSATM, POS FE,Gig.EFE,Gig.E_10GE10GE _Fixed,MobileFixed,MobileWirelessWireless _Cable,xDSLBroadBandCable,xDSLBroadBand

POLICY

-BASED NETWORKING

POLICY

-BASED NETWORKING

Traffic Conditioners (Policing, Shaping)Traffic Conditioners (Policing, Shaping)

The Cisco QoS Framework

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Differentiated Services

The IETF DiffServ Model

• Use 6 bits in IP header to sort traffic into “Behavior Aggregates”… a.k.a. Classes!

RFCs: 2474, 2475, 2597, 2598

• Defines a number of “Per Hop Behaviors - PHBs”

• Two-Ingredient Recipe:

Condition the Traffic at the Edges Invoke the PHBs in the Core

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• Cisco IOS 12.2 are fully compliant

with all the Core DiffServ RFCs

• Platforms:

• C36xx, C72xx, C75xx -- Now

• More Platforms in the Near Future

Cisco IOS DiffServ

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DiffServ

-

Aware TE

MPLS Guaranteed Bandwidth

Services

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MPLS Guaranteed

Bandwidth Services

• MPLS guaranteed bandwidth services are built by:

– Extending MPLS traffic engineering

• Advertise available bandwidth for best-effort traffic • Also advertise available bandwidth for

high-priority traffic – DiffServ-aware TE

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Guaranteed Bandwidth Services

Target Market Segments

• For service providers for who lease bandwidth

Benefit: Greater utilization of relatively costly/valuable bandwidth

ISPs – Internet Service Providers

ICPs – Integrated Communications Providers Other carriers with costly bandwidth

• For service providers who offer bandwidth services

Benefits:

Premium classes of service -- revenue

Resiliency against failures -- fast rerouting

IXEs – Interexchange Carriers – offering MPLS VPNs

$

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Virtual Leased Line (VLL)

• VLL is one example of MPLS guaranteed bandwidth services built using:

Core: GB-TE Edge:

Existing MPLS TE classification at the edge

Policing at the edge to ensure there is no theft of service

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Toll Bypass Trunking

V _V

PSTN Network Toll

Trunk

MPLS Network

VoIP Gateway VoIP Gateway

GB Tunnel

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Trunking Frame Relay

Across an MPLS Cloud

• With CIR guarantees

• Adding full CIR support to FRoMPLS:

Admission control over CIR via creation of a GB-TE tunnel for sum of all CIRs

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MPLS Guaranteed Bandwidth

Conclusions

• Adds strict Point-to-Point QoS commitment over MPLS infrastructure

• Further step towards enabling MPLS as the multiservice infrastructure

Other parallel steps include Fast Reroute, Admission Control of Voice, ...

• Enabler for a whole range of MPLS applications

• DiffServ-aware TE is a key Core tool for “MPLS Guaranteed Bandwidth Services”

• DiffServ-aware TE allows some GB applications (Virtual Leased Line, FRoMPLS CIR, Static Voice Trunks)

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Cisco Differentiation

• Extending MPLS traffic engineering

with Guaranteed Bandwidth Services

Leverage the rich feature set Cisco IOS QoS

Cisco-unique AutoBandwidth feature Build point-to-point bandwidth

guaranteed services such as Virtual IP leased lines

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Cisco’s MPLS Contribution to IETF

• IETF contributions over 50

• Cisco is either the author or the co-author in key IETF MPLS drafts

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Cisco Advantage

• Shipped MPLS in Cisco IOS software release 11.1CT - July 1998

• First to deploy MPLS in a production network • First to deploy MPLS traffic engineering

• First to deploy MPLS VPNs

• First to deploy QoS-enhanced MPLS TE • Broadest platform support

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Key Messages

• DiffServ-aware MPLS TE: A powerful

solution for improving network resource management

• Guaranteed Bandwidth Services: Assuring value-added services

Better availability with TE, scalable VPN solution

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Appendix

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MPLS Technology Overview

—

_—

Main Ideas

• Separate forwarding information (label) from the content of data (IP header)

• Single forwarding paradigm (label

swapping)—multiple routing paradigms

• Multiple link-specific realizations of the label swapping forwarding paradigm

Label, VPI/VCI, Lambda (wavelength)

• Flexibility of grouping traffic into

Forwarding Equivalence Classes (FECs)

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MPLS Technology Overview

1a. Existing Routing Protocols (e.g. OSPF, IS-IS) Establish Reachability to Destination Networks 1b. Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)

Establishes Label to Destination Network Mappings 4. Edge LSR at Egress Removes Label and Delivers Packet 3. LSR Switches Packets Using Label Swapping 2. Ingress Edge LSR Receives Packet,

Performs Layer 3 Value-Added Services, and Labels Packets

LSP

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MPLS Applications

• MPLS a service enabler Highly-scalable network-based VPN solution • Traffic management IP traffic engineering solution

Protection solution with fast re-route

• Advanced IP services

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Defined PHBs

• Expedited Forwarding (EF): RFC2598

dedicated low delay queue

Comparable to Guaranteed B/W in IntServ

• Assured Forwarding (AF): RFC2597

n queues × m drop preferences

Comparable to Controlled Load in IntServ

• Class Selector: Compat. with IP Prec

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EQUANT ANNOUNCES PRIORITY SERVICE FOR URGENT VOICE & DATA TRAFFIC:

Real Time Class

Optimized for toll quality Voice over IP and time-sensitive applications

Interactive Class

Designed to give quick response for business critical applications • Standard Business Class

Suitable for day-to-day business applications, client server traffic and corporate web traffic

• General Class

Ideal for email, Internet http traffic and Notes replication

For further information see http://www.equant.com (News from June 8, 2000)

REAL

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Acronym Guide

• AF Assured Forwarding

• APS Automatic Protection Switching

• ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode

• DiffServ Differentiated Services

• EF Expedited Forwarding

• GB-TE Guaranteed Bandwidth Traffic Engineering

• IP Internet Protocol

• MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching

• PHB Per Hop Behavior

• PNNI Private Network to Network Interface

• PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network

• QoS Quality of Service

• SONET Synchronous Optical Network

• TE Traffic Engineering

• VoIP Voice over IP

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