Brochure
More information from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2328050/
Spacecraft Dynamics and Control. An Introduction
Description: Provides the basics of spacecraft orbital dynamics plus attitude dynamics and control, using vectrix notation Spacecraft Dynamics and Control: An Introduction presents the fundamentals of classical control in the context of spacecraft attitude control. This approach is particularly beneficial for the training of students in both of the subjects of classical control as well as its application to spacecraft attitude control. By using a physical system (a spacecraft) that the reader can visualize (rather than arbitrary transfer functions), it is easier to grasp the motivation for why topics in control theory are important, as well as the theory behind them. The entire treatment of both orbital and attitude dynamics makes use of vectrix notation, which is a tool that allows the user to write down any vector equation of motion without consideration of a reference frame. This is particularly suited to the treatment of multiple reference frames. Vectrix notation also makes a very clear distinction between a physical vector and its coordinate representation in a reference frame.
This is very important in spacecraft dynamics and control problems, where often multiple coordinate representations are used (in different reference frames) for the same physical vector.
- Provides an accessible, practical aid for teaching and self-study with a layout enabling a fundamental understanding of the subject
- Fills a gap in the existing literature by providing an analytical toolbox offering the reader a lasting, rigorous methodology for approaching vector mechanics, a key element vital to new graduates and practicing engineers alike
- Delivers an outstanding resource for aerospace engineering students, and all those involved in the technical aspects of design and engineering in the space sector
- Contains numerous illustrations to accompany the written text. Problems are included to apply and extend the material in each chapter
Essential reading for graduate level aerospace engineering students, aerospace professionals, researchers and engineers.
Contents: Preface xvii 1 Kinematics 1 1.1 Physical Vectors 1
1.2 Reference Frames and Physical Vector Coordinates 6 1.3 Rotation Matrices 11
1.4 Derivatives of Vectors 32 1.5 Velocity and Acceleration 41
1.6 More Rigorous Definition of Angular Velocity 42 Notes 44
References 45
2 Rigid Body Dynamics 47
2.1 Dynamics of a Single Particle 47 2.2 Dynamics of a System of Particles 49 2.3 Rigid Body Dynamics 52
2.4 The Inertia Matrix 56
2.5 Kinetic Energy of a Rigid Body 60 Notes 63
References 63
3 The Keplerian Two-Body Problem 65 3.1 Equations of Motion 65
3.2 Constants of the Motion 67 3.3 Shape of a Keplerian Orbit 69 3.4 Kepler’s Laws 80
3.5 Time of Flight 83 3.6 Orbital Elements 89
3.7 Orbital Elements given Position and Velocity 92 3.8 Position and Velocity given Orbital Elements 94 Notes 98
References 98
4 Preliminary Orbit Determination 99
4.1 Orbit Determination from Three Position Vectors 99 4.2 Orbit Determination from Three Line-of-Sight Vectors 103
4.3 Orbit Determination from Two Position Vectors and Time (Lambert’s Problem) 109 Notes 114
References 114
5 Orbital Maneuvers 115
5.1 Simple Impulsive Maneuvers 115 5.2 Coplanar Maneuvers 116 5.3 Plane Change Maneuvers 123 5.4 Combined Maneuvers 125 5.5 Rendezvous 127
Notes 128 Reference 128
6 Interplanetary Trajectories 129 6.1 Sphere of Influence 129
6.2 Interplanetary Hohmann Transfers 133 6.3 Patched Conics 137
6.4 Planetary Flyby 143 6.5 Planetary Capture 145 Notes 146
References 147
7 Orbital Perturbations 149 7.1 Special Perturbations 150 7.1.1 Cowell’s Method 151 7.2 General Perturbations 154
7.3 Gravitational Perturbations due to a Non-Spherical Primary Body 156 7.4 Effect of J2 on the Orbital Elements 164
7.5 Special Types of Orbits 168
7.6 Small Impulse Form of the Gauss Variational Equations 169 7.7 Derivation of the Remaining Gauss Variational Equations 171 Notes 180
References 181
8 Low Thrust Trajectory Analysis and Design 183 8.1 Problem Formulation 183
8.2 Coplanar Circle to Circle Transfers 184 8.3 Plane Change Maneuver 186
Notes 188 References 188
9 Spacecraft Formation Flying 189 9.1 Mathematical Description 190 9.2 Relative Motion Solutions 194 9.3 Special Types of Relative Orbits 203 Notes 207
Reference 207
10 The Restricted Three-Body Problem 209 10.1 Formulation 209
10.2 The Lagrangian Points 212
10.3 Stability of the Lagrangian Points 214 10.4 Jacobi’s Integral 215
Notes 218 References 218
11 Introduction to Spacecraft Attitude Stabilization 219 11.1 Introduction to Control Systems 220
11.2 Overview of Attitude Representation and Kinematics 222 11.3 Overview of Spacecraft Attitude Dynamics 223
12 Disturbance Torques on a Spacecraft 227 12.1 Magnetic Torque 227
12.2 Solar Radiation Pressure Torque 228 12.3 Aerodynamic Torque 230
12.4 Gravity-Gradient Torque 231 Notes 234
Reference 234
13 Torque-Free Attitude Motion 235 13.1 Solution for an Axisymmetric Body 235 13.2 Physical Interpretation of the Motion 242 Notes 245
References 245
14 Spin Stabilization 247 14.1 Stability 247
14.2 Spin Stability of Torque-Free Motion 249 14.3 Effect of Internal Energy Dissipation 252 Notes 253
References 253
15 Dual-Spin Stabilization 255 15.1 Equations of Motion 255
15.2 Stability of Dual-Spin Torque-Free Motion 257 15.3 Effect of Internal Energy Dissipation 259 Notes 266
References 266
16 Gravity-Gradient Stabilization 267 16.1 Equations of Motion 268 16.2 Stability Analysis 272 Notes 277
References 277
17 Active Spacecraft Attitude Control 279
17.1 Attitude Control for a Nominally Inertially Fixed Spacecraft 280 17.2 Transfer Function Representation of a System 281
17.3 System Response to an Impulsive Input 282 17.4 Block Diagrams 284
17.5 The Feedback Control Problem 286 17.6 Typical Control Laws 289
17.7 Time-Domain Specifications 292
17.8 Factors that Modify the Transient Behavior 308 17.9 Steady-State Specifications and System Type 311
JWST251-FM JWST251-De-Ruiter Printer: Yet to Come November 2, 2012 14:18 Trim: 244mm
× 168mm viii Contents
2.4 The Inertia Matrix 56 2.4.1 A Parallel Axis Theorem 57
2.4.2 A Rotational Transformation Theorem 58
2.4.3 Principal Axes 59
2.5 Kinetic Energy of a Rigid Body 60 Notes
63
References 63
3 The Keplerian Two-Body Problem 65 3.1 Equations of Motion 65
3.2 Constants of the Motion 67 3.2.1 Orbital Angular Momentum 67
3.2.2 Orbital Energy 67
3.2.3 The Eccentricity Vector 68
3.3 Shape of a Keplerian Orbit 69 3.3.1 Perifocal Coordinate System 72
3.4 Kepler’s Laws 80 3.5 Time of Flight 83 3.5.1 Circular Orbits 83
3.5.2 Elliptical Orbits 84
3.5.3 Parabolic Orbits 88
3.5.4 Hyperbolic Orbits 89
3.6 Orbital Elements 89
3.6.1 Heliocentric-Ecliptic Coordinate System 89
3.6.2 Geocentric-Equatorial Coordinate System 90
3.7 Orbital Elements given Position and Velocity 92 3.8 Position and Velocity given Orbital Elements 94 Notes
98
References 98
4 Preliminary Orbit Determination 99
4.1 Orbit Determination from Three Position Vectors 99 4.2 Orbit Determination from Three Line-of-Sight Vectors 103
4.3 Orbit Determination from Two Position Vectors and Time (Lambert’s Problem) 109
4.3.1 The Lagrangian Coefficients 110
Notes 114
References 114
5 Orbital Maneuvers 115
5.1 Simple Impulsive Maneuvers 115 5.2 Coplanar Maneuvers 116 5.2.1 Hohmann Transfers 118
5.2.2 Bi-Elliptic Transfers 120
5.3 Plane Change Maneuvers 123 FOR SCREEN VIEWING IN DART ONLY
JWST251-FM JWST251-De-Ruiter Printer: Yet to Come November 2, 2012 14:18 Trim: 244mm
× 168mm Contents ix
5.4 Combined Maneuvers 125 5.5 Rendezvous 127
Notes 128
Reference 128
6 Interplanetary Trajectories 129 6.1 Sphere of Influence 129
6.2 Interplanetary Hohmann Transfers 133 6.3 Patched Conics 137
6.3.1 Departure Hyperbola 139
6.3.2 Arrival Hyperbola 141
6.4 Planetary Flyby 143 6.5 Planetary Capture 145 Notes
146
References 147
7 Orbital Perturbations 149 7.1 Special Perturbations 150 7.1.1 Cowell’s Method 151
7.1.2 Encke’s Method 151
7.2 General Perturbations 154
7.3 Gravitational Perturbations due to a Non-Spherical Primary Body 156 7.3.1 The Perturbative Force Per Unit Mass Due to J
2 163
7.4 Effect of J
2
on the Orbital Elements 164 7.5 Special Types of Orbits 168 7.5.1 Sun-Synchronous Orbits 168
7.5.2 Molniya Orbits 169
7.6 Small Impulse Form of the Gauss Variational Equations 169 7.7 Derivation of the Remaining Gauss Variational Equations 171 Notes
180
References 181
8 Low Thrust Trajectory Analysis and Design 183 8.1 Problem Formulation 183
8.2 Coplanar Circle to Circle Transfers 184 8.3 Plane Change Maneuver 186
Notes 188
References 188
9 Spacecraft Formation Flying 189 9.1 Mathematical Description 190 9.2 Relative Motion Solutions 194 9.2.1 Out-of-Plane Motion 195
9.2.2 In-Plane Motion 195
FOR SCREEN VIEWING IN DART ONLY
JWST251-FM JWST251-De-Ruiter Printer: Yet to Come November 2, 2012 14:18 Trim: 244mm
× 168mm x Contents
9.2.3 Alternative Description for In-Plane Relative Motion 198
9.2.4 Further Examination of In-Plane Motion 200
9.2.5 Out-of-Plane Motion - Revisited 202
9.3 Special Types of Relative Orbits 203
9.3.1 Along-Track Orbits 203
9.3.2 Projected Elliptical Orbits 204
9.3.3 Projected Circular Orbits 207
Notes 207
Reference 207
10 The Restricted Three-Body Problem 209 10.1 Formulation 209
10.1.1 Equations of Motion 211
10.2 The Lagrangian Points 212 10.2.1 Case (i)
212
10.2.2 Case (ii) 213
10.3 Stability of the Lagrangian Points 214 10.3.1 Comments
215
10.4 Jacobi’s Integral 215 10.4.1 Hill’s Curves 216
10.4.2 Comments on Figure 10.5 218
Notes 218
References 218
11 Introduction to Spacecraft Attitude Stabilization 219 11.1 Introduction to Control Systems 220
11.1.1 Open-loop versus Closed-loop 220
11.1.2 Typical Feedback Control Structure 221
11.2 Overview of Attitude Representation and Kinematics 222 11.3 Overview of Spacecraft Attitude Dynamics 223
11.3.1 Properties of the Inertia Matrix - A Summary 224
12 Disturbance Torques on a Spacecraft 227 12.1 Magnetic Torque 227
12.2 Solar Radiation Pressure Torque 228 12.3 Aerodynamic Torque 230
12.4 Gravity-Gradient Torque 231 Notes
234
Reference 234
13 Torque-Free Attitude Motion 235 13.1 Solution for an Axisymmetric Body 235 13.2 Physical Interpretation of the Motion 242 Notes
245
References 245
FOR SCREEN VIEWING IN DART ONLY
JWST251-FM JWST251-De-Ruiter Printer: Yet to Come November 2, 2012 14:18 Trim: 244mm
× 168mm Contents xi
14 Spin Stabilization 247 14.1 Stability 247
14.2 Spin Stability of Torque-Free Motion 249 14.3 Effect of Internal Energy Dissipation 252
14.3.1 Energy Sink Hypothesis 252
14.3.2 Major Axis Rule 253
Notes 253
References 253
15 Dual-Spin Stabilization 255 15.1 Equations of Motion 255
15.2 Stability of Dual-Spin Torque-Free Motion 257 15.3 Effect of Internal Energy Dissipation 259 Notes
266
References 266
16 Gravity-Gradient Stabilization 267 16.1 Equations of Motion 268 16.2 Stability Analysis 272 16.2.1 Pitch Motion 272
16.2.2 Roll-Yaw Motion 273
16.2.3 Combined Pitch and Roll/Yaw 277
Notes 277
References 277
17 Active Spacecraft Attitude Control 279
17.1 Attitude Control for a Nominally Inertially Fixed Spacecraft 280 17.2 Transfer Function Representation of a System 281
17.3 System Response to an Impulsive Input 282 17.4 Block Diagrams 284
17.5 The Feedback Control Problem 286 17.6 Typical Control Laws 289
17.7 Time-Domain Specifications 292
17.8 Factors that Modify the Transient Behavior 308 17.9 Steady-State Specifications and System Type 311 17.10 Effect of Disturbances 316
17.11 Actuator Limitations 319 Notes 320
References 320
18 Routh’s Stability Criterion 321
18.1 Proportional-Derivative Control with Actuator Dynamics 322 18.2 Active Dual-Spin Stabilization 325
Notes 330 References 330 19 The Root Locus 331
19.1 Rules for Constructing the Root Locus 332
19.2 PD Attitude Control with Actuator Dynamics - Revisited 341 19.3 Derivation of the Rules for Constructing the Root Locus 345 Notes 353
References 353
20 Control Design by the Root Locus Method 355 20.1 Typical Types of Controllers 357
20.2 PID Design for Spacecraft Attitude Control 361 Notes 369
References 369
21 Frequency Response 371
21.1 Frequency Response and Bode Plots 372 21.2 Low-Pass Filter Design 383
Notes 385 References 385
22 Relative Stability 387 22.1 Polar Plots 387
22.2 Nyquist Stability Criterion 390 22.3 Stability Margins 399
Notes 410 References 410
23 Control Design in the Frequency Domain 411 23.1 Feedback Control Problem - Revisited 416 23.2 Control Design 422
23.3 Example - PID Design for Spacecraft Attitude Control 430 Notes 435
References 435
24 Nonlinear Spacecraft Attitude Control 437
24.1 State-Space Representation of the Spacecraft Attitude Equations 437 24.2 Stability Definitions 440
24.3 Stability Analysis 442 24.4 LaSalle’s Theorem 448
24.5 Spacecraft Attitude Control with Quaternion and Angular Rate Feedback 451 Notes 456
References 457
25 Spacecraft Navigation 459
25.1 Review of Probability Theory 459
25.2 Batch Approaches for Spacecraft Attitude Estimation 467 25.3 The Kalman Filter 477
Notes 496 References 497
26 Practical Spacecraft Attitude Control Design Issues 499 26.1 Attitude Sensors 499
26.2 Attitude Actuators 506
26.3 Control Law Implementation 511 26.4 Unmodeled Dynamics 523 Notes 539
References
Appendix A: Review of Complex Variables 541
Appendix B: Numerical Simulation of Spacecraft Motion 557 Notes 561
Reference 561 Index 563
Ordering: Order Online - http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2328050/
Order by Fax - using the form below
Order by Post - print the order form below and send to Research and Markets,
Guinness Centre, Taylors Lane, Dublin 8, Ireland.
Page 1 of 2
Fax Order Form
To place an order via fax simply print this form, fill in the information below and fax the completed form to 646-607-1907 (from USA) or +353-1-481-1716 (from Rest of World). If you have any questions please visit
http://www.researchandmarkets.com/contact/
Order Information
Please verify that the product information is correct.
Product Format
Please select the product format and quantity you require:
* Shipping/Handling is only charged once per order.
Contact Information
Please enter all the information below in BLOCK CAPITALS
Product Name: Spacecraft Dynamics and Control. An Introduction Web Address: http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2328050/
Office Code: SC
Quantity Hard Copy (Hard
Back): USD 110 + USD 28 Shipping/Handling
Title: Mr
Mrs Dr
Miss Ms
Prof
First Name: Last Name:
Email Address: * Job Title:
Organisation:
Address:
City:
Postal / Zip Code:
Country:
Phone Number:
Fax Number:
* Please refrain from using free email accounts when ordering (e.g. Yahoo, Hotmail, AOL)
Page 2 of 2
Payment Information
Please indicate the payment method you would like to use by selecting the appropriate box.
Please fax this form to:
(646) 607-1907 or (646) 964-6609 - From USA
+353-1-481-1716 or +353-1-653-1571 - From Rest of World
Pay by credit card: You will receive an email with a link to a secure webpage to enter your credit card details.
Pay by check: Please post the check, accompanied by this form, to:
Research and Markets, Guinness Center, Taylors Lane, Dublin 8, Ireland.
Pay by wire transfer: Please transfer funds to:
Account number 833 130 83
Sort code 98-53-30
Swift code ULSBIE2D
IBAN number IE78ULSB98533083313083
Bank Address Ulster Bank,
27-35 Main Street, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland.
If you have a Marketing Code please enter it below:
Marketing Code:
Please note that by ordering from Research and Markets you are agreeing to our Terms and Conditions at http://www.researchandmarkets.com/info/terms.asp