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Wild chimpanzees' use of single and combined vocal and gestural signals

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Figure

Table 1 Number and type ofsignals recorded (production andexposure), age and sex for focalindividuals
Table 2 Definition of thebehavioural contexts forcommunication in wildchimpanzees. Examples of thesignals recorded within eachcontext are also provided;however, signals are not specificto an individual context and mayoccur across several of them
Fig. 1 Mean production and exposure rate of signals for age categoriesand alpha male. Production shown on left: black, white and grey barsrepresent gestural, vocal and combination signals, respectively
Table 3 Effect of male rank onfrequency of signal use whilecontrolling for context.Generalized linear model:negative value of B together withp < 0.05 indicates increase in rateof signal use with increase inrank
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