STEMSample_K_2_BuildingBoats.pdf

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SCIENCE • TECHNOLOGY • ENGINEERING • MATHEMATICS

Building

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Building Boats

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Teacher Reviewers

Candida M. Braun

West Fargo Public Schools West Fargo, North Dakota

Sherri M. Gibson

Union Elementary STEM and Demonstration School Gallatin, Tennessee

Susan Holt

L. Jean Jackson

Old Mill Middle South Annapolis, Maryland

Paul Keidel

Bismarck Public Schools Bismarck, North Dakota

Martin Laine

Ayer-Shirley Middle School Ayer, Massachusetts

Angelia Joy Long

Charles Carroll Middle School New Carrollton, Maryland

Linda McShane

La Grange Public Schools District 102 La Grange Park, Illinois

Diana Mitchell

Bradd Smithson

John Glenn Middle School Bedford, Massachusetts

Mary Reid Thompson

Leslie Yates

Acknowledgments Photographs

Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material. The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.

Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Pearson Education, Inc. Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd)

Building Boats

Cover: (BC) ©advent/Shutterstock, (CR) ©Anatoly Vartanov/iStockphoto, (CR) ©Dawn Hudson/Shutterstock, (CL) ©iadams/Shutterstock, (Bkgrd) ©Thomas Bethge/Shutterstock; ivB Jupiterimages/Thinkstock; vB Eric Raptosh/Glow Images; viB ©Mariusz Blach/Fotolia;

viiB (CR) ©Fernando Blanco Calzada/Shutterstock; viiiB dpa/picture-alliance/NewsCom; xB PhotoStocker/Shutterstock.

Designing Recycled Paper

Cover: (C) ©emin kullyev/Shutterstock, (R) ©Gemenacom/Shutterstock, (BL) ©NataliyaF/Shutterstock, (CL) ©Talvi/Shutterstock;

ivP Jupiterimages/Thinkstock; vP Eric Raptosh/Glow Images; viP ©Mariusz Blach/Fotolia; viiP (CR) ©Fernando Blanco Calzada/Shutterstock;

ixP (BR) PRNewsFoto/Noble Gift Packaging/©Associated Press; xP ©pokku/Shutterstock, (BR) Comstock/Thinkstock.

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to Rights Management & Contracts, Pearson Education, Inc., One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. ZeroTree™ is a trademark of Noble. Use of trademarks implies no relationship, sponsorship, endorsement, sale, or promotion on the part of Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates.

ISBN-13: 978-0-13-319805-8 ISBN-10: 0-13-319805-7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V011 15 14 13 12 11

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Project STEM

Introduction to STEM

The Engineering Design Process . . . . ivB What Is STEM? . . . . viB

Building Boats

Introduction Let’s Look at Boats . . . . viiiB Technology Boat Builders Use Computers . . . . xB Quick Lab Will it Float or Sink? . . . . 1B Vocabulary Practice . . . . 2B Math Practice Comparing and Ordering by Weight . . . . 3B Hands-on Inquiry How Do Heavier Objects Fall? . . . . 4B STEM Project What Floats Your Boat? . . . . 5B Technology Zone Depth Finders . . . . 15B Career Spotlight Marine Engineers . . . . 18B Enrichment How Do Things Move? . . . . 21B Assessment Building Boats . . . . 22B Performance Assessment Building a More Stable Boat . . . . 24B Test Prep . . . . 26B

Appendices

Safety Tips and Contract* Making Measurements Scientific Methods

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The Engineering Design Process

People use the engineering design process to make

new things. Often they use the steps below. Sometimes they do the steps in a different order.

Find a Problem

Look for a problem.

Maybe something does not work well. Maybe people need a new thing.

Choose a problem to work on.

Plan and Draw

Plan how to solve the problem.

Draw things you can make to solve your problem. Your drawings are called designs.

Can you make the designs better? Which design is the most useful? Choose the design you think will work best.

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Choose Materials

Choose materials.

Think about your materials.

Think of different ways to use them. Then pick materials to make

your design.

Make and Test

Make your design.

What you make is called a model. Test your model to see if it works. Test it many times.

What needs to be changed?

Most models need some changes.

Record and Share

Record your results.

Tell what worked and what did not work.

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Science

Science is a way of learning about the world around you. Scientists observe nature. They ask questions

and do tests to find out about nature.

Technology

Technology is everywhere. It is not just computers and TVs.

Your pen is technology. So is your shoe.

Technology is using science to help solve problems.

Do engineers use science?

Do scientists use math? Of course they do! Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math share lots of ideas and information.

What Is STEM?

viB

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Engineering

Engineering is using

science to solve real-world problems.

Engineers find ways to meet our needs.

You can use engineering to solve problems too.

Math

Math is useful.

It can help you understand your data.

People use math to solve problems in science,

technology, and engineering.

STEM

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Let’s

Look

at

Boats

People use boats to travel.

Some boats are used to travel small distances. Some boats are used to travel long distances. Some boats are used to transport things.

Boats transport food, clothes, cars, and even animals. There are different kinds of boats.

A rowboat and a submarine are kinds of boats.

Some people even live on boats. They are called houseboats.

This houseboat uses the sun’s energy to move.

Introduction

viiiB

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Try It!

Think about living in a house on water.

What kinds of rooms would you want?

What kinds of things would you need?

Draw a picture of your houseboat. Show the rooms you want. Show the things you need.

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This is a model of a boat. It was made on a computer. Boat builders can use computers to plan how to make boats.

Boat Models

Computers help boat builders.

Boat builders can make a boat model on the computer. A model is a picture of the boat.

A model tells how long the boat will be. A model shows the boat parts.

The computer helps the boat builder make a plan. The plan shows how to build the boat.

Then the boat builder can use the plan to build the boat. Try It!

Work with a partner. Look at the picture of the boat. Does it

go fast? Is it a tall boat? Does this boat carry people? How

many people can fit on this boat?

STEM Connection: T

echnology

xB

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Name Date

Quick Lab

Will It Float or Sink?

1. Choose an object. Will it float or sink? Record in the chart.

2. Put the object in the water. Does it float or sink?

3. Repeat Step 1 with other objects.

Sink or Float?

Object Prediction What happens?

eraser float sink

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Name Date

Vocabulary Practice

Draw a picture or write a definition for each word. Use your science book or a dictionary to help.

Word What it means

buoyant

float

goal

sink

solution

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The orange is heavier than the grape.

The pineapple is heavier than the orange.

Name Date

Math Practice

Comparing and Ordering by Weight

Weight is the measure of how heavy or light an object is. You can compare objects by weight.

1. Write the order of the objects from heaviest to lightest.

2. Draw lines to match the object with the word that describes it.

heavier lighter

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Name Date

Hands-on Inquiry

How Do Heavier Objects Fall?

1. Hold both pieces of clay at the same height. Predict which will hit the ground first.

2. Drop them at the same time. Record your observations.

First to Hit the Ground

Object Prediction What happens?

Big Piece of Clay Small Piece of Clay Ball of Paper

Sheet of Paper

3. Repeat Steps 1 and 2 using a ball of paper and a sheet of paper.

Explain Your Results

4. What can make an object fall differently?

Materials 2 pieces of clay 2 sheets of paper

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STEM

Project

Name Date

What Floats Your Boat?

Imagine drifting across the sea on a sailboat! Boating is fun. Boats also fill needs for people. People use boats to ship goods. People use boats to travel. They also use boats for fishing. A boat must be able to float. It must be able to hold people and things. A boat must not leak. If a boat lets water in, it will sink. You can build a boat. You can choose materials. You will build and test your boat design.

Find a Problem

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STEM

Project Name Date

2. Draw a picture that shows what a boat should do.

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STEM

Project

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Plan and Draw

3. Look at the pictures of boats. Tell about their shapes.

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STEM

5. What shapes might not work? Why?

6. Draw a picture of the boat you will make.

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STEM

Project

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Choose Materials

Look at the materials. Think about how to use the materials to make a boat.

7. Think about the materials you will use. Do the materials give you new ideas for your design? Draw what your boat will look like. Label the materials in your drawing.

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STEM

8. What could make your design difficult?

9. Pick one material you did not choose. Tell why you will not use that material.

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STEM

Project

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Make and Test

Build your boat. Test your boat in a tub of water.

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STEM

11. Leave your boat in the water for 10 minutes. Then draw your boat again. Did anything change? What do the changes tell you about your design? Write your answers below your drawing.

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STEM

Project

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Record and Share

12. Did your design work? Explain.

13. Compare your boat with another boat. How are the boats alike?

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STEM

15. What is one thing you could change about your boat? How would this change make your boat better?

16. Draw and label the new design.

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Name Date

Technology Zone

Depth Finders

Boats float in the water, but not too high. Boats float in the water, but not too low.

Boats need to float in the water but not hit the bottom of the lake.

People used to measure the depth of lakes and rivers with rope. A heavy weight was put on a rope.

The rope would be lowered into the water.

When the weight hit the bottom, people could see how much rope was underwater.

Now people use sound to tell how deep a lake or river is. A tool called a depth finder is used.

The depth finder sends a noise out into the water.

The sound bounces off the bottom and back to the depth finder. A computer inside it figures out how deep the water is.

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Design It

A park wants to buy boats for their lake. No one knows how deep the lake is. The owners need to know how deep the lake is before they buy the boats.

You have to design a depth finder for a boat. Think about the materials you will use.

Make a list of the materials.

Then draw your depth finder design.

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Name Date

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Name Date

Career Spotlight

Marine Engineers

Where do boats come from? Marine engineers design boats.

Some boats are bigger than three football fields. Some boats are for fishing.

Some boats carry people on vacation.

Some boats are too small to hold three people.

Different boats need to be made in different ways. Marine engineers make all kinds of boats.

Marine engineers know about different kinds of metal, wood, and other things boats are made of.

They know how boats can be steered and moved.

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Name Date

Design It

You are a marine engineer. You have to design a boat.

Tell where you would use the boat. Tell what would make the boat move.

Tell what materials you would use to build the boat. Now design and draw your boat.

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Name Date

Notes Grid

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Name Date

Enrichment

How Do Things Move?

Things move in different ways. Things can move up and down. Things can move left and right. Forces change the way things move.

Gravity pulls things down. Buoyancy pushes things up.

1. Which way does gravity pull on the boat? Use an arrow to show the direction.

2. What force pushes up on a boat in water?

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Name Date

Assessment

Building Boats

Use the pictures to help answer the questions.

1. Tell how the boats are alike and different.

2. Each boat has a different design. Pick one part of the design.

Tell how that part helps the boat.

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How does design affect buoyancy?

3. Nancy is a marine engineer.

People will fish off her boat using poles. Make a drawing of her boat design.

4. Circle the heavier object.

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Name Date

Performance Assessment

Building a More Stable Boat

Some boats have many forces that could tip the boat over.

A trimaran has a very tall sail. On a windy day, the sail makes the boat go very fast.

The sail can also pull the trimaran over. To keep the boat balanced, it has

three hulls.

Mark the three hulls on the trimaran.

Your design challenge is to design a boat that will be more stable if there is a tall load in it.

Think about how the new boat will be like the first boat. Think about how the new boat will be different.

Design It

1. Draw a picture of the new boat.

2. How is the new boat design like your first design?

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Name Date

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Name Date

Test Prep

Read each question and choose the best answer. Then fill in the circle next to the correct answer.

1. Which of the following are in order from heaviest to lightest?

A book, pencil, dime, grape

B pencil, book, grape, dime

C dime, grape, book, pencil

D grape, dime, pencil, book

2. Which tool can you use to measure the weight of a penny?

A clock

B thermometer

C ruler

D balance

3. Which of these is a technology that helps solve problems?

A science

B computer

C book

D need

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Name Date

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STEM GLOSSARY

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Lab Safety

Use these tips to stay safe in the lab. • Listen to your teacher’

s instructions.

•

Never taste or smell materials.

•

W

ear safety goggles when needed.

•

Tie your hair back when needed.

•

Handle tools carefully

.

•

Keep your workplace neat and clean.

•

Clean up spills immediately

.

•

W

ash your hands well after ever

y

activity

.

Look for this stop sign in your book. It war

ns you to be careful in the lab. Read the directions.

Follow the directions to stay safe.

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y Safety Contract

y Safety Rules. y Safety Rules.

y Safety Rules.

.

Keep my workplace clean. Clean up spills. Wash my hands after an activity

.

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Metric and Customar

y Measurements

Scientists use the metric system to measure things. Metric measurement is used around the world. Here is how dif

ferent metric measurements

compare to customar

y measurements.

Volume Liquid volume is measured in

liters (L).

Volume is the amount of space a liquid takes up. One liter is greater than 4 cups. Length Length is measured in

meters (m).

Length is the distance between two points. One meter is longer than 3 feet.

1 foot

1 meter

1 cup

1 liter

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grams (g)

or

kilograms (kg).

Celsius scale

to measure temperature.

. .

Fahrenheit

Celsius

1 kilogram

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Plan a fair test.

Change only one thing. Keep ever

ything else the same.

Record your steps. Someone else should get the same answer

if they follow your steps.

Scientific Methods

Scientific methods are ways of finding answers. Some scientists use scientific methods when they do experiments. Scientists may not follow these steps in the same order each time.

Make your hypothesis.

A hypothesis is a possible answer to your question.

Ask a question.

Ask a question that you want answered.

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Tell your conclusion.

Think about the results of your test.

Decide if your hypothesis is suppor

ted.

Tell what you decide.

Collect and record your data. Keep records of what you obser

ve.

Use words, numbers, or drawings to help.

Do your test.