Application Note No. 143

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Application Note No. 143

A Low-Cost Low Noise Amplifier + Bandpass Filter

Rx Front End for Improved-Sensi

ti

vity / Enhanced

Range 315 and 434 MHz RKE Applications using

the ESD-Robust BFP460 RF Transistor

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THE INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE IS GIVEN AS A HINT FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT ONLY AND SHALL NOT BE REGARDED AS ANY DESCRIPTION OR WARRANTY OF A CERTAIN FUNCTIONALITY, CONDITION OR QUALITY OF THE INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES COMPONENT. THE RECIPIENT OF THIS APPLICATION NOTE MUST VERIFY ANY FUNCTION DESCRIBED HEREIN IN THE REAL APPLICATION. INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES HEREBY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES AND LIABILITIES OF ANY KIND (INCLUDING WITHOUT

LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF NON-INFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF ANY THIRD PARTY) WITH RESPECT TO ANY AND ALL INFORMATION GIVEN IN THIS APPLICATION NOTE.

Information

For further information on technology, delivery terms and conditions and prices please contact your nearest Infineon Technologies Office (www.infineon.com).

Warnings

Due to technical requirements components may contain dangerous substances. For information on the types in question please contact your nearest Infineon Technologies Office.

Infineon Technologies Components may only be used in life-support devices or systems with the express written approval of Infineon Technologies, if a failure of such components can reasonably be expected to cause the failure of that life-support device or system, or to affect the safety or effectiveness of that device or system. Life support devices or systems are intended to be implanted in the human body, or to support and/or maintain and sustain and/or protect human life. If they fail, it is reasonable to assume that the health of the user or other persons may be endangered.

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Application Note 3 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-19

Application Note No. 143

Revision History: 2008-02-19, Rev. 1.2 Previous Version: 2004-08-02, Rev. 1.1

Page Subjects (major changes since last revision)

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1 A Low-Cost Low Noise Amplifier + Bandpass Filter Rx Front End

for Improved-Sensivity / Enhanced Range 315 and 434 MHz RKE

Applications using the ESD-Robust BFP460 RF Transistor

Overview

• The Infineon BFP460 "EHRT" (ESD-Hardened RF Transistor) is investigated for use as a low-current, wideband feedback LNA to demonstrate feasibility as an external LNA for boosting sensitivity / range of Infineon Technologies' Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) ICs in the TDA52x0 / TDA52x1 family

• The BFP460 is specially designed for improved robustness against Electro Static Discharge (ESD) events and is rated for 1500 V ESD between any pair of terminals, using the Human Body Model (HBM).

• The test board includes an optional, simple, low-cost, lumped element bandpass filter tuned for 315 MHz which follows the BFP460 LNA stage. The filter may be re-tuned for 434 MHz. The addendum in Appendix A shows the 434 MHz filter, and LNA + Filter performance. The applications PC board is set up such that either the LNA or the Bandpass filter may be tested alone, or the cascade of LNA + Bandpass filter may be tested as a complete chain.

Figure 1 Block Diagram

Design Goals

• LNA: Gain > 15 dB, Noise Figure < 2.0 dB, Input / Output Return Loss 10 dB or better over the entire 300 - 928 MHz frequency range, current < 5 mA. Provide one external LNA solution that is usable over the 315 - 900 MHz frequency range, for improving sensitivity / range of the Infineon Technologies Remote Keyless Entry (RKE) receiver products TDA52x0 / TDA52x1 in a variety of applications. Note this LNA should improve range of TDA52xx by a factor of approximately two. It has been verified in the lab that there is 5 - 6 dB improvement in sensitivity with a similar external LNA and TDA5211 receiver IC.

• Bandpass Filter: provide for rejection / attenuation of potential "receiver blocking" signals arising from FM or TV broadcast emitters, cellular phones or base stations, etc. Do this with minimal use of components, at minimal cost. Note filter uses only 2 chip inductors and 5 chip capacitors. Filter shown in this document is set up for

f

0= 315 MHz, but it may be re-tuned for 434 MHz.

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7RWHVWFDVFDGHRI/1$)LOWHU,QDW-RXWDW-Application Note 5 Rev. 1.2, 2008-02-19 Potential target markets for TDA52xx RKE products requiring improved sensitivity / improved range (e.g. requiring external LNAs) include:

• NAFTA automotive market for remote keyless entry systems (RKE) at 315 MHz

• Security market at 345 MHz, 433.92 MHz (e.g. alarm systems controlled with radio links) • Garage door opener market, 390 MHz range

• European automotive RKE market at 434 MHz

• Various 900 MHz ISM Band Applications in the 902-928 NAFTA ISM Band

Printed Circuit Board is P/N 460-021104 Rev B. Standard FR4 material is used in a simple 3 layer design. Low-cost, standard SMT passive components of "0402" case size are used throughout. No chip coils are required for this LNA design, further reducing cost. (Only resistors and capacitors are required for the LNA). The optional bandpass filter uses 2 chip coils and 5 chip capacitors. Refer to cross sectional diagram schematic diagram and Bill Of Material (BOM).

PC Board Cross-Sectional Diagram

Figure 2 PCB - Cross Sectional Diagram

The LNA is unconditionally stable from 5 MHz to 6 GHz.

Total PCB area used for the single LNA stage is approximately 50 mm². Total Parts count, including the BFP460 transistor, is 10. Total area for 315 MHz bandpass filter is approx. 40mm².

LNA: Achieved ≅16.8 dB gain, 1.5 dB Noise Figure @ 315 MHz, from a 5.0 V supply drawing 5.2 mA. Note usable gain, good input / output matching and < 2 dB noise figure is achieved over the entire 300 - 1000 MHz range in this wideband design. Note noise figure result does NOT "back out" FR4 PCB losses - if the PCB loss at LNA input were extracted, Noise Figure result would be approximately 0.1 to 0.2 dB lower.

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Summary of LNA Data

T

= 25 °C, network analyzer source power = -25 dBm

Table 1 Summary of LNA Data

Parameter Result Comments

Frequency Range 300 - 1000 MHz 315, 345, 390, 434 & 900 MHz ISM bands covered

DC Current 5.2 mA

DC Voltage,

V

CC 5.0 V 5.0 V standard in automotive

applications

Collector-Emitter Voltage,

V

CE 3.1 V BFP460

V

CE MAX= 4.5 V

Gain 16.8 dB @ 315 MHz 16.3 dB @ 434 MHz 14.2 dB 9 0 MHz Noise Figure 1.5 dB @ 315 MHz 1.5 dB @ 434 MHz 1.4 dB @ 900 MHz

These values do not extract PCB losses, etc. resulting from FR4 board an passives used on PCB - these results are at input SMA connector.

See Figure 4 and Table 5. Input Return Loss 13.5 dB @ 315 MHz

13.0 dB @ 434 MHz 11.2 dB @ 900 MHz

Good broadband match.

Output Return Loss 21.2 dB @ 315 MHz 19.6 dB @ 434 MHz 15.3 dB @ 900 MHz

Good broadband match.

Reverse Isolation 21.9 dB @ 315 MHz 21.8 dB @ 434 MHz 21.0 dB @ 900 MHz

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Summary of 315 MHz Bandpass Filter Data

T

Please refer to network analyzer plots of Bandpass Filter which appear later in this document.

Table 2 Summary of 315 MHz Bandpass Filter Data

Center Frequency 315 MHz Top-C Coupled Bandpass Filter, with 2 coils and 5 capacitors. May be re-tuned for 434 MHz applications. Insertion Loss 2.4 dB @ 315 MHz Insertion loss may be further

optimized by using higher-Q chip coils. Coils used are low-cost versions and have Q values of approx. 35 at 300 MHz. Attenuation at 216 MHz, relative to

insertion loss at 315 MHz

30.1 dB Upper edge of Television Channel 13 in North America (potential "blocker" for 315 MHz receiver). See

Figure 25 and Figure 26. Input Return Loss 13.0 dB @ 315 MHz

Output Return Loss 13.7 dB @ 315 MHz Asymmetry between S11 and S22 due to PC board - refer to PCB scanned images.

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Summary of Cascade (LNA + Bandpass Filter together) Data

T

Please refer to network analyzer screen-shots at end of this document to get a better idea of performance of LNA + Filter Cascade.

Table 3 Summary of Cascade Data, 315 MHz

Frequency Range 315 MHz Bandpass filter following LNA causes limitation of bandwidth. Filter may be re-tuned for other

frequencies of interest. DC Current 5.2 mA

DC Voltage,

V

applications

V

_CE 3.1 V BFP460

V

_{CE MAX} = 4.5 V Gain 14.4 d 315 MHz

Noise Figure 1.6 dB @ 315 MHz These values do not extract PCB losses, etc. resulting from FR4 board an passives used on PCB - these results are at input SMA connector.

See pages Figure 5 and Table 6. Input

P

1dB -20.1 dB @ 315 MHz See input power sweep vs. gain plot,

Figure 9.

Input 3rd_{Order Intercept} _{-10.6 dBm @ 315 MHz} _{Two tones, 314.5 MHz and}

315.5 MHz, -33 dBm per tone. Input Return Loss 18.0 dB @ 315 MHz

Output Return Loss 12.7 dB @ 315 MHz Reverse Isolation 24.4 dB @ 315 MHz

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Bill of Material

Broadband BFP460 UHF Feedback LNA (Yellow shading) and Lumped-Element Top-C Coupled Bandpass Filter (Blue Shading)

Table 4 Bill of Material for 315 MHz variant Reference

Designator

Value Manufacturer Case Size Function

C1 390 pF Various 0402 DC blocking, input.

C2 390 pF Various 0402 DC block for feedback network. C3 390 pF or

10 pF

Various 0402 For LNA alone, output DC block 390 pF. If bandpass filter is used, then C3 = 10 pF, serves as DC block & filter element. C4 0.1µF Various 0402 Decoupling, low frequency.

C5 390 pF Various 0402 Decoupling.

R1 110 kΩ Various 0402 DC bias for base of Q1. R2 560Ω Various 0402 Feedback resistor for LNA

R3 300Ω Various 0402 Bring DC to collector, high resistor values does not load LNA output.

R4 130Ω Various 0402 Provides some negative feedback for DC bias / DC operating point to compensate for variations in transistor DC current gain, temperature variations, etc. Also drops 5 V down to 4.4 V (below maximum collector-emitter voltage for BFP540F).

Q1 - Infineon Technologies SOT343 BFP460EHRT ESD-Robust Transistor (1500 V HBM).

f

T= 22 GHz

J1, J2, J3 - Johnson 142-0701-841 - RF input / output connectors J4 - AMP 5 pin header

MTA-100 series 640456-5 (standard pin plating) or 641215-5 (gold plated pins) - DC connector Pins 1, 5 = ground Pin 3 =

V

CC Pins 2, 4 = no connection L1, L2 5.6 nH Coilcraft 0402CS-5N6XJBU chip inductor

0402 Coil for shunt resonators in bandpass filter.

C6, C8 30 pF Various 0402 Capacitor for shunt resonators in bandpass filter.

C7 5.6 pF Various 0402 Coupling cap between filter resonators. C9 10 pF Various 0402 Output cap of filter.

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Schematic Diagram for UHF LNA and Optional 315 MHz Bandpass Filter

Note low parts count and simple design. No chip inductors are required for the LNA.

Figure 3 Schematic Diagram for UHF LNA and Optional 315 MHz Bandpass Filter

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Noise Figure, Plot, LNA alone, Center of Plot (x-axis) is 1065 MHz.

Figure 4 Noise Figure of LNA alone @ 315 MHz

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Noise Figure, LNA alone, Tabular Data

From Rohde & Schwarz FSEK3 + FSEM30 System Preamplifier = MITEQ SMC-02

Table 5 Noise Figure LNA @ 315 MHz

Frequency Noise Figure

115 MHz 1.42 dB 215 MHz 1.40 dB 315 MHz 1.50 dB 415 MHz 1.52 dB 515 MHz 1.52 dB 615 MHz 1.52 dB 715 MHz 1.47 dB 815 MHz 1.41 dB 915 MHz 1.42 dB 1015 MHz 1.41 dB 1115 MHz 1.48 dB 1215 MHz 1.50 dB 1315 MHz 1.54 dB 1415 MHz 1.57 dB 1515 MHz 1.62 dB 1615 MHz 1.67 dB 1715 MHz 1.70 dB 1815 MHz 1.82 dB 1915 MHz 1.89 dB 2015 MHz 1.92 dB

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Noise Figure, Plot, Cascade of LNA + BPF, Center of Plot (x-axis) is 315 MHz.

Figure 5 Noise Figure of Cascade @ 434 MHz

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Noise Figure, Cascade of LNA + Bandpass Filter, Tabular Data

From Rohde & Schwarz FSEK3 + FSEM30

Table 6 Noise Figure Cascade @ 434 MHz

250 MHz 3.08 dB 255 MHz 2.63 dB 260 MHz 2.33 dB 265 MHz 2.06 dB 270 MHz 1.90 dB 275 MHz 1.83 dB 280 MHz 1.72 dB 285 MHz 1.66 dB 290 MHz 1.61 dB 295 MHz 1.57 dB 300 MHz 1.57 dB 305 MHz 1.55 dB 310 MHz 1.57 dB 315 MHz 1.56 dB 320 MHz 1.57 dB 325 MHz 1.56 dB 330 MHz 1.57 dB 335 MHz 1.58 dB 340 MHz 1.60 dB 345 MHz 1.58 dB 350 MHz 1.63 dB 355 MHz 1.65 dB 360 MHz 1.70 dB 365 MHz 1.73 dB 370 MHz 1.77 dB 375 MHz 1.78 dB 380 MHz 1.86 dB

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Scanned Image of PC Board

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Scanned Image of PC Board, Close-In Shot, showing LNA and Optional Bandpass Filter

Figure 7 Image of PC Board, Close-In Shot

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Stability Factor K and Stability Measure B1

Note that K > 1 and B1> 0, the amplifier is unconditionally stable. Measured LNA s-parameters were taken on a

Network Analyzer & then imported into GENESYS simulation package, which calculates and plots K and B₁.

Figure 8 Plot of K(f) and B1(f)

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Power Sweep at 315 MHz (CW), Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter

Source Power (Input) swept from -35 to -7 dBm Input

P

_1dB≅-20.0 dBm

Figure 9 Plot of Power Sweep @ 315 MHz

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Input 3rd_{Order Intercept Test, for Cascade of LNA + Bandpass Filter}

Two Tones,

f

1= 314.5 MHz,

f

2= 315.5 MHz, -33 dBm power each tone.

Input

IP

3= -33 + (44.7 / 2) = -10.6 dBm

Figure 10 Tow-Tone Test @ 315 MHz, LNA alone

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Input Return Loss, Log Mag, Narrow Span, LNA alone

65 MHz - 565 MHz

Figure 11 Plot of Input Return Loss, Narrow Span, 315 MHz, LNA alone

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Input Return Loss, Smith Chart, Narrow Span, LNA alone

Reference Plane = PCB Input SMA Connector 65 MHz - 565 MHz

Figure 12 Smith Chart of Input Return Loss, Narrow Span, 315 MHz, LNA alone &+ 6 8)6 &(17(50+] 63$10+] &RU 35P -XQ B S) 0+] B 0+] $1BVPLWKBLQSXWBUHWXUQBORVVBQDUURZB/1$BYVG

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Forward Gain, Narrow Span, LNA alone

65 MHz - 565 MHz

Figure 13 Plot of Forward Gain, Narrow Span, 315 MHz, LNA alone

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Reverse Isolation, Narrow Span, LNA alone

65 MHz - 565 MHz

Figure 14 Plot of Reverse Isolation, Narrow Span, 315 MHz, LNA alone &+ 6 ORJ0$* G% 5()G% &(17(50+] 63$10+] &RU 35P -XQ BG% 0+] BG% 0+] $1BSORWBUHYHUVHBLVRODWLRQBQDUURZB/1$BYVG

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Output Return Loss, Log Mag, Narrow Span, LNA alone

65 MHz - 565 MHz

Note good output return loss - makes integration with bandpass filter easier

Figure 15 Plot of Output Return Loss, Narrow Span, 315 MHz, LAN alone &+ 6 ORJ0$* G% 5()G% &(17(50+] 63$10+] &RU 35P -XQ BG% 0+] BG% 0+] $1BSORWBRXWSXWBUHWXUQBORVVBQDUURZB/1$BYVG

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Output Return Loss, Smith Chart, Narrow Span, LNA alone

Reference Plane = PCB Output SMA Connector 65 MHz - 565 MHz

Note good output return loss - makes integration with bandpass filter easier

Figure 16 Smith Chart of Output Return Loss, Narrow Span, 315 MHz, LNA alone &+ 6 8)6 &(17(50+] 63$10+] &RU 35P -XQ B S) 0+] B 0+] $1BVPLWKBRXWSXWBUHWXUQBORVVBQDUURZB/1$BYVG

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Input Return Loss, Log Mag, Wide Sweep, LNA alone

5 MHz - 6 GHz

Note Broadband match of feedback amplifier design.

Figure 17 Plot of Input Return Loss, Wide Sweep, 315 MHz, LNA alone &+ 6 ORJ0$* G% 5()G% 67$570+] 67230+] &RU 'HO 35P -XQ BG% 0+] BG% 0+] BG% 0+] BG% 0+] BG% 0+] $1BSORWBLQSXWBUHWXUQBORVVBZLGHB/1$BYVG

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Input Return Loss, Smith Chart, Wide Sweep, LNA alone

Reference Plane = PCB Input SMA Connector 5 MHz - 6 GHz

Figure 18 Smith Chart of Input Return Loss, Wide Sweep, 315 MHz, LNA alone &+ 6 8)6 67$570+] 67230+] &RU 'HO 35P -XQ B S) 0+] B 0+] B 0+] B 0+] B 0+] $1BVPLWKBLQSXWBUHWXUQBORVVBZLGHB/1$BYVG

(28)

Forward Gain, Wide Sweep, LNA alone

5 MHz - 6 GHz

Figure 19 Plot of Forward Gain, Wide Sweep, 315 MHz, LNA alone &+ 6 ORJ0$* G% 5()G% 67$570+] 67230+] &RU 'HO 35P -XQ BG% 0+] BG% 0+] BG% 0+] BG% 0+] BG% 0+] $1BSORWBIZBJDLQBZLGHB/1$BYVG

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Reverse Isolation, Wide Sweep, LNA alone

5 MHz - 6 GHz

Figure 20 Plot of Reverse Isolation, Wide Sweep, 315 MHz, LNA alone &+ 6 ORJ0$* G% 5()G% 67$570+] 67230+] &RU 'HO 35P -XQ BG% 0+] BG% 0+] BG% 0+] BG% 0+] BG% 0+] $1BSORWBUHYHUVHBLVRODWLRQBZLGHB/1$BYVG

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Output Return Loss, Log Mag, Wide Sweep, LNA alone

5 MHz - 6 GHz

Figure 21 Plot of Output Return Loss, Wide Sweep, 315 MHz, LAN alone

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Output Return Loss, Smith Chart, Wide Sweep, LNA alone

Reference Plane = PCB Output SMA Connector 5 MHz - 6 GHz

Figure 22 Smith Chart of Output Return Loss, Wide Sweep, 315 MHz, LNA alone

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Input Return Loss, Log Mag, Narrow Span, 315 MHz Bandpass Filter alone

65 MHz - 565 MHz

Figure 23 Plot of Input Return Loss, Narrow Span, 315 MHz Bandpass Filter alone

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Input Return Loss, Smith Chart, Narrow Span, 315 MHz Bandpass Filter alone

Figure 24 Smith Chart of Input Return Loss, Narrow Span, 315 MHz Bandpass Filter alone

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Insertion Loss, Narrow Span, 315 MHz Bandpass Filter alone

65 MHz - 565 MHz

Note Insertion Loss is approx. 2.4 dB @ 315 MHz

Figure 25 Plot of Insertion Loss, Narrow Span, 315 MHz Bandpass Filter alone

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(35)

Insertion Loss, Wide Span, 315 MHz Bandpass Filter alone

5 MHz - 6 GHz

Note suppression at North American FM Broadcast Band (e.g. 105 MHz), TV Broadcast Channel 13 (210 - 216 MHz), TV Channel 14 (470 - 476 MHz), Cellular Tx (≅900 MHz) and PCS Tx (≅1900 MHz)

Figure 26 Plot of Insertion Loss, Wide Span, 315 MHz Bandpass Filter alone

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Output Return Loss, Log Mag, Narrow Span, 315 MHz Bandpass Filter alone

65 MHz - 565 MHz

Figure 27 Plot of Output Return Loss, Narrow Span, 315 MHz Bandpass Filter alone

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(37)

Output Return Loss, Smith Chart, Narrow Span, 315 MHz Bandpass Filter alone

Figure 28 Smith Chart of Output Return Loss, Narrow Span, 315 MHz Bandpass Filter alone

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Input Return Loss, Log Mag, Narrow Span, Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter together

65 MHz - 565 MHz

Figure 29 Plot of Input Return Loss, Narrow Span, 315 MHz, Cascade

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Input Return Loss, Smith Chart, Narrow Span, Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter together

Figure 30 Smith Chart of Input Return Loss, Narrow Span, 315 MHz, Cascade

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Forward Gain, Narrow Span, Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter together

65 MHz - 565 MHz

Note insertion gain of LNA + Bandpass Filter = 14.2 dB

Figure 31 Plot of Forward Gain, Narrow Span, 315 MHz, Cascade

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(41)

Reverse Isolation, Narrow Span, Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter together

65 MHz - 565 MHz

Note vertical scale is 20 dB / div

Figure 32 Plot of Reverse Isolation, Narrow Span, 315 MHz, Cascade

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(42)

Output Return Loss, Log Mag, Narrow Span, Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter together

65 MHz - 565 MHz

Figure 33 Plot of Output Return Loss, Narrow Span, 315 MHz, Cascade

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(43)

Output Return Loss, Smith Chart, Narrow Span, Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter together

Figure 34 Smith Chart of Output Return Loss, Narrow Span, 315 MHz, Cascade

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(44)

Input Return Loss, Log Mag, Wide Sweep, Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter together

5 MHz - 6 GHz

Figure 35 Plot of Input Return Loss, Wide Sweep, 315 MHz, Cascade

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(45)

Forward Gain, Wide Sweep, Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter together

5 MHz - 6 GHz

Figure 36 Plot of Forward Gain, Wide Sweep, 315 MHz, Cascade

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(46)

Reverse Isolation, Wide Sweep, Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter together

5 MHz - 6 GHz

Figure 37 Plot of Reverse Isolation, Wide Sweep, 315 MHz, Cascade

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(47)

Output Return Loss, Log Mag, Wide Sweep, Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter together

5 MHz - 6 GHz

Figure 38 Plot of Output Return Loss, Wide Sweep, 315 MHz, Cascade

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(48)

Appendix A. Measurement Results of a PCB showing filter re-tuned for 434 MHz Operation

For 434 MHz, LNA Section has no changes, and filter elements in filter section change as follows: • C3 and C9 change from 10 pF to 5.6 pF

• C7 changes from 5.6 pF to 2.7 pF • C6 and C8 change from 30 pF to 15 pF

Effort was made to maintain same coil type and value to simplify shift of filter passband from 315 to 434 MHz. Changes are to capacitor values only.

Summary of 434 MHz Bandpass Filter Data

T

Please refer to network analyzer plots of Bandpass Filter which appear later in this document.

Table 7 Summary of 434 MHz Bandpass Filter Data

Center Frequency 434 MHz Top-C Coupled Bandpass Filter, with 2 coils and 5 capacitors. Kept same coil values as values for 315 MHz filter shown earlier for convenience.

Insertion Loss 2.0 dB @ 434 MHz Insertion loss may be further optimized by using higher-Q chip coils. Coils used are low-cost versions and have Q values of approx. 35 at 300 MHz. Attenuation at 216 MHz, relative to

54.7 dB Upper edge of Television Channel 13 in North America (potential “blocker” for 315 MHz receiver). See

Figure 25 and Figure 26. Attenuation at 470 MHz, relative to

2.9 dB Lower edge of Television Channel 14 in North America. See Figure 25

and Figure 26. Input Return Loss 21.7 dB @ 434 MHz

Output Return Loss 25.6 dB @ 434 MHz Asymmetry between S11 and S22 due to PC board - refer to PCB scanned images.

(49)

Summary of Cascade (LNA + Bandpass Filter together) Data

T

Please refer to network analyzer screen-shots at end of this document to get a better idea of performance of LNA + Filter Cascade.

Table 8 Summary of Cascade Data, 434 MHz

Frequency Range 434 MHz Bandpass filter following LNA causes limitation of bandwidth. Filter may be re-tuned for other

frequencies of interest. DC Current 5.2 mA

DC Voltage,

V

applications

V

_CE 3.1 V BFP460

V

_{CE MAX}= 4.5 V Gain 14.3 dB @ 434 MHz

Noise Figure 1.6 dB @ 315 MHz These values do not extract PCB losses, etc. resulting from FR4 board an passives used on PCB - these results are at input SMA connector.

See Figure 5 and Table 6. Input Return Loss 13.3 dB @ 434 MHz

Output Return Loss 20.7 dB @ 434 MHz Reverse Isolation 23.5 dB @ 434 MHz

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Bill of Material

Broadband BFP460 UHF Feedback LNA (Yellow shading) and Lumped-Element Top-C Coupled Bandpass Filter (Blue Shading), for 434 MHz variant

Table 9 Bill of Material for 434_MHz variant Reference

Designator

Value Manufacturer Case Size Function

C1 390 pF Various 0402 DC blocking, input.

C2 390 pF Various 0402 DC block for feedback network. C3 390 pF or

5.6 pF

Various 0402 For LNA alone, output DC block 390 pF. If bandpass filter is used, then C3 = 5.6 pF, serves as DC block & filter element. C4 0.1µF Various 0402 Decoupling, low frequency.

C5 390 pF Various 0402 Decoupling.

R1 110 kΩ Various 0402 DC bias for base of Q1. R2 560Ω Various 0402 Feedback resistor for LNA

R3 300Ω Various 0402 Bring DC to collector, high resistor values does not load LNA output.

R4 130Ω Various 0402 Provides some negative feedback for DC bias / DC operating point to compensate for variations in transistor DC current gain, temperature variations, etc. Also drops 5 V down to 4.4 V (below maximum collector-emitter voltage for BFP540F).

Q1 - Infineon Technologies SOT343 BFP460EHRT ESD-Robust Transistor (1500 V HBM).

f

T= 22 GHz

J1, J2, J3 - Johnson 142-0701-841 - RF input / output connectors J4 - AMP 5 pin header

MTA-100 series 640456-5 (standard pin plating) or 641215-5 (gold plated pins) - DC connector Pins 1, 5 = ground Pin 3 =

V

CC Pins 2, 4 = no connection L1, L2 5.6 nH Coilcraft 0402CS-5N6XJBU chip inductor

0402 Coil for shunt resonators in bandpass filter.

C6, C8 15 pF Various 0402 Capacitor for shunt resonators in bandpass filter.

C7 2.7 pF Various 0402 Coupling cap between filter resonators. C9 5.6 pF Various 0402 Output cap of filter.

(51)

Schematic Diagram for UHF LNA and Optional 434 MHz Bandpass Filter

Note low parts count and simple design. No chip inductors are required for the LNA.

Figure 39 Schematic Diagram for UHF LNA and Optional 434 MHz Bandpass Filter

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(52)

Noise Figure, Plot, Cascade of LNA + BPF, Center of Plot (x-axis) is 434 MHz.

Figure 40 Noise Figure of Cascade @ 434 MHz

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(53)

Noise Figure, Cascade of LNA + 434 MHz Bandpass Filter, Tabular Data

From Rohde & Schwarz FSEK3 + FSEM30

Table 10 Noise Figure, Cascade @ 434 MHz

383.92 MHz 1.87 dB 388.92 MHz 1.82 dB 393.92 MHz 1.74 dB 403.92 MHz 1.70 dB 408.92 MHz 1.67 dB 413.92 MHz 1.65 dB 418.92 MHz 1.60 dB 423.92 MHz 1.63 dB 428.92 MHz 1.62 dB 433.92 MHz 1.61 dB 438.92 MHz 1.62 dB 443.92 MHz 1.62 dB 448.92 MHz 1.59 dB 453.92 MHz 1.60 dB 458.92 MHz 1.60 dB 463.92 MHz 1.61 dB 468.92 MHz 1.64 dB 473.92 MHz 1.61 dB 478.92 MHz 1.64 dB 483.92 MHz 1.63 dB

(54)

Input Return Loss, Log Mag, Narrow Span, 434 MHz Bandpass Filter alone

84 MHz - 784 MHz

Figure 41 Plot of Input Return Loss, Narrow Span, 434 MHz BPF alone

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(55)

Input Return Loss, Smith Chart, Narrow Span, 434 MHz Bandpass Filter alone

Figure 42 Smith Chart of Input Return Loss, Narrow Span, 434 MHz, BPF alone

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(56)

Insertion Loss, Narrow Span, 434 MHz Bandpass Filter alone

84 MHz - 784 MHz

Note Insertion Loss is appro. 2.0 dB @ 433.92 MHz

Figure 43 Plot of Insertion Loss, Narrow Span, 434 MHz BPF alone

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(57)

Insertion Loss, Wide Span, 434 MHz Bandpass Filter alone

5 MHz - 6 GHz

Note suppression at North American FM Broadcast Band (e.g. 108 MHz), TV Broadcast Channel 13 (210 - 216 MHz), TV Channel 14 (470 - 476 MHz), Cellular Tx (≅900 MHz) and PCS Tx (≅1900 MHz)

Figure 44 Plot of Insertion Loss, Wide Span, 434 MHz BPF alone

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(58)

Output Return Loss, Log Mag, Narrow Span, 434 MHz Bandpass Filter alone

84 MHz - 784 MHz

Figure 45 Plot of Output Return Loss, Narrow Span, 434 MHz BPF alone

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(59)

Output Return Loss, Smith Chart, Narrow Span, 434 MHz Bandpass Filter alone

Figure 46 Smith Chart of Output Return Loss, Narrow Span, 434 MHz BPF alone

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(60)

Input Return Loss, Log Mag, Narrow Span, Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter together

84 MHz - 784 MHz

Figure 47 Plot of Input Return Loss, Narrow Span, 434 MHz, Cascade

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(61)

Input Return Loss, Smith Chart, Narrow Span, Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter together

Figure 48 Smith Chart of Input Return Loss, Narrow Span, 434 MHz, Cascade

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(62)

Forward Gain, Narrow Span, Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter together

84 MHz - 784 MHz

Note insertion gain of LNA + Bandpass filter = 14.3 dB

Figure 49 Plot of Forward Gain, Narrow Span, 434 MHz, Cascade

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(63)

Reverse Isolation, Narrow Span, Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter together

84 MHz - 784 MHz

Figure 50 Plot of Reverse Isolation, Narrow Span, 434 MHz, Cascade

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(64)

Output Return Loss, Log Mag, Narrow Span, Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter together

84 MHz - 784 MHz

Figure 51 Plot of Output Return Loss, Narrow Span, 434 MHz, Cascade

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(65)

Output Return Loss, Smith Chart, Narrow Span, Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter together

Figure 52 Smith Chart of Output Return Loss, Narrow Span, 434 MHz, Cascade

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(66)

Input Return Loss, Log Mag, Wide Sweep, Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter together

5 MHz - 6 GHz

Figure 53 Plot of Input Return Loss, Wide Sweep, 434 MHz, Cascade

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(67)

Forward Gain, Wide Sweep, Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter together

5 MHz - 6 GHz

Figure 54 Plot of Forward Gain, Wide Sweep, 434 MHz, Cascade

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(68)

Reverse Isolation, Wide Sweep, Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter together

5 MHz - 6 GHz

Figure 55 Plot of Reverse Isolation, Wide Sweep, 434 MHz, Cascade

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(69)

Output Return Loss, Log Mag, Wide Sweep, Cascade = LNA + Bandpass Filter together

5 MHz - 6 GHz

Figure 56 Plot of Output Return Loss, Wide Sweep, 434 MHz, Cascade

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