Oracle
Enterprise Manager
Concepts Guide
Release 9.0.1
June 2001
Oracle Enterprise Manager Concepts Guide, Release 9.0.1 Part No. A88770-01
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iii
Contents
Send Us Your Comments
... viiPreface
... ixIntended Audience ... ix
How this Guide Is Organized ... x
Documentation Set ... xi
Related Documents... xi
Conventions... xiii
Documentation Accessibility ... xiv
1
Overview of Oracle Enterprise Manager
Three-Tier Framework... 1-3 Clients... 1-5 Oracle Management Server... 1-7 Managed Nodes... 1-8 Benefits of Oracle Enterprise Manager... 1-10 Single Point of Management ... 1-10 Multi-Administrator System... 1-11 Scalability for Growing, Distributed Environments ... 1-11 Extensible Architecture... 1-12 Automated Lights-out Administration ... 1-12 Autonomous Intelligent Agent... 1-12 Database Administration Functionality ... 1-13 Ease of Use... 1-13
Common Services... 1-14
2
The Console
Console Graphical User Interface... 2-2 Console Views... 2-3 Navigator ... 2-3 Groups... 2-3 Jobs... 2-5 Events ... 2-8
3
Job and Event Systems
Job System... 3-2 Pre-defined System Tasks ... 3-3 Job Scheduling ... 3-4 Lights-out Management ... 3-5 Cross-Platform Job Scripts ... 3-5 Job Progress ... 3-5 Job Notification and Filtering ... 3-5 Communication with the Intelligent Agent... 3-6 Complex Jobs... 3-6 Scalability... 3-6 Security and Jobs ... 3-6 Event System... 3-7 Proactive Event Management ... 3-8 Scalability... 3-9 Event Notification and Filtering... 3-9 Event Log ... 3-11 Unsolicited Error Detection ... 3-11 Event Handler ... 3-11
4
Database Administration
Common Features of DBA Management Functionality... 4-3 Tree Views ... 4-3 General Information about Databases... 4-3
v
Comprehensive Overview Pages ... 4-3 Property Sheets ... 4-3 Multi-Column Lists ... 4-3 Database Version Awareness... 4-3 Database Reports ... 4-4 Logging of Database Changes ... 4-4 Showing Object DDL ... 4-4 Show SQL ... 4-4 Show Dependencies ... 4-4 Right-Mouse Commands... 4-4 DB Search Capabilities... 4-5 DBA Management Functionality and Wizards... 4-6 Instance Management ... 4-7 Schema Management ... 4-13 Security Management ... 4-16 Storage Management ... 4-19 Replication Management... 4-22 Oracle 9i JVM ... 4-23 OLAP Services... 4-23 Workspace Management ... 4-24 SQL*Plus Worksheet ... 4-24 Wizards ... 4-25
5
Oracle Management Packs and Integrated Applications
Oracle Diagnostics Pack... 5-2 Oracle Advanced Events ... 5-3 Oracle Performance Manager ... 5-5 Oracle Capacity Planner ... 5-5 Oracle TopSessions... 5-6 Oracle Trace... 5-7 e-Business Management Tools ... 5-8 Oracle Tuning Pack... 5-10 Oracle Expert... 5-10 Oracle Index Tuning Wizard ... 5-11 Oracle SQL Analyze ... 5-12
Oracle Tablespace Map ... 5-14 Reorg Wizard... 5-14 Outline Management... 5-15 Outline Editor... 5-16 Oracle Change Management Pack... 5-17 Change Manager... 5-18 Oracle Standard Management Pack... 5-21 Oracle Management Pack for Oracle Applications... 5-22 Oracle Management Pack for SAP R/3... 5-23 Integrated Applications... 5-24
A
Keyboard Navigation
vii
Send Us Your Comments
Oracle Enterprise Manager Concepts Guide, Release 9.0.1Part No. A88770-01
Oracle Corporation welcomes your comments and suggestions on the quality and usefulness of this document. Your input is an important part of the information used for revision.
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ix
Preface
The Oracle Enterprise Manager Concepts Guide presents a general overview of Oracle® Enterprise Manager Release 9.0.1.Oracle Enterprise Manager is a system management tool which provides an integrated solution for managing your heterogeneous environment. The product combines a graphical console, agents, common services, and tools to provide an integrated, comprehensive systems management platform for managing Oracle products.
Refer to the Oracle Enterprise Manager online help or the Oracle Enterprise Manager
Administrator’s Guide for information on how to use Oracle Enterprise Manager.
For program updates and important notes on using Oracle Enterprise Manager, refer to the Oracle Enterprise Manager Readme.
Intended Audience
This guide explains the general concepts of Oracle Enterprise Manager. You should already be familiar with Oracle and the administrative tasks you wish to perform. For general information about the Oracle9i and how it works, refer to Oracle9i
Database Concepts. For information about database administration procedures, refer
to the Oracle9i documentation set. The Oracle9i documentation set contains specific and thorough descriptions of the database administration tasks you can perform with Oracle Enterprise Manager tools. In addition, the Oracle9i documentation set provides recommendations on how to administer your database optimally.
You should also be familiar with the operation of your specific Microsoft Windows or Unix system. Refer to the documentation for your Windows or Unix system, if necessary.
How this Guide Is Organized
This guide is divided into the following chapters:
Chapters Description
Chapter 1, "Overview of Oracle Enterprise Manager" Chapter 1 describes the overall architecture and features of Oracle Enterprise Manager: the Console, Oracle Management Server, and the common services.
Chapter 2, "The Console" Chapter 2 describes the layout and use of the Oracle Enterprise Manager Console.
Chapter 3, "Job and Event Systems" Chapter 3 describes the Job Scheduling and Event Systems, which execute jobs and monitor for occurrences on sites throughout the network.
Chapter 4, "Database Administration" Chapter 4 describes the database administrative functionality bundled with Oracle Enterprise Manager.
Chapter 5, "Oracle Management Packs and Integrated Applications"
Chapter 5 describes Oracle Enterprise Manager’s integrated applications and the optional system management packs which extend Oracle Enterprise Manager’s functionality.
xi
Documentation Set
The Oracle Enterprise Manager Release 9i documentation includes the following: ■ The Oracle Enterprise Manager Readme Release 9i provides important notes on
updates to the software and other late-breaking news, as well as any differences between the product’s behavior and how it is documented.
■ The Oracle Enterprise Manager Configuration Guide Release 9i provides information about configuring the Oracle Enterprise Manager system.
■ The Oracle Enterprise Manager Concepts Guide Release 9i provides an overview of the Enterprise Manager system.
■ The Oracle Enterprise Manager Administrator’s Guide Release 9i describes the components and features of the Oracle Enterprise Manager system.
■ The Oracle Intelligent Agent User’s Guide describes how to administer the Oracle Intelligent Agent.
■ The Oracle Enterprise Manager Messages Manual Release 9i contains probable causes and recommended actions for Oracle Enterprise Manager errors. In addition to the Oracle Enterprise Manager documentation set, extensive on-line help is provided for components in Oracle Enterprise Manager.
To download free release notes or installation documentation, please visit the Oracle Documentation Center at http://docs.oracle.com/
Printed documentation is available for sale in the Oracle Store at http://oraclestore.oracle.com/
Related Documents
Related publications are listed below:
■ For information on the new features, new options, and enhancements of Oracle9i, refer to Oracle9i Database New Features. It identifies what is available with each edition of Oracle9i (Standard Edition, Enterprise Edition, and Personal Edition). It references the documentation that is available for Oracle9i and identifies deprecated or desupported features.
■ For information on how the Oracle server functions, Oracle9i Database Concepts offers a conceptual foundation for much of the practical information contained in other Oracle server manuals.
■ For information on administering the operation of an Oracle database system, refer to the Oracle9i Database Administrator’s Guide. This guide will contain information for creating Oracle databases, ensuring their smooth operation, and monitoring their use.
■ For information on Oracle’s SQL commands and functions, refer to the
SQL*Plus User’s Guide and Reference.
■ For information on error messages that may appear while using products that are part of Oracle, refer to Oracle9i Database Error Messages. Each message listing in the manual contains the message statement, an explanation of the probable cause(s) of the message, and a recommended action.
■ For information about Oracle Globalization Technology matters, refer to
Oracle9i Globalization Support Guide.
■ For information about the process of planning and executing migrations, upgrades, and downgrades on the Oracle database system, refer to Oracle9i
Database Migration.
■ For information about ways to enhance Oracle performance by writing and tuning SQL properly, using performance tools, and optimizing instance performance, refer to Oracle9i Database Performance Guide and Reference.
■ For information on ways to improve Oracle performance by starting with good application design and using statistics to monitor application performance, refer to Oracle9i Database Performance Methods.
■ For information on how to use the Oracle9i utilities for data transfer, data maintenance, and database administration, refer to Oracle9i Database Utilities. ■ For a basic conceptual overview of Oracle backup and recovery, refer to Oracle9i
Backup and Recovery Concepts.
■ For conceptual and task-oriented information you need to perform backup and recovery procedures using the Recovery Manager utility, refer to Oracle9i
Recovery Manager Reference and Oracle9i Recovery Manager User’s Guide.
■ For information about the Oracle networking system, refer to your network-specific documentation.
xiii
Conventions
The following sections explain the conventions used in this guide.
Examples
This guide contains code examples. Note that the text of examples appears in a different font than the text of the guide. This is an example of a SELECT statement: SELECT * FROM emp
Examples in this guide follow these case conventions:
■ Keywords, such as CREATE and NUMBER, appear in uppercase. Keywords have special meanings. When you specify them, they can be in uppercase or lowercase, but they must be used exactly as they appear in the code example. ■ Names of database objects and their parts, such as emp and empno, appear in
lowercase. However, in the text of this guide, names of database objects and their parts appear in uppercase.
■ Parameters act as place holders in examples. They appear in lowercase. Parameters are usually names of schema objects, Oracle datatypes, or expressions. When there is parameter in a syntax diagram, you should
substitute an object or expression of the appropriate type. Note that parameter names appear in italics in the text of this guide.
Command Syntax
■ Italics is used for variables, such as application_name. Substitute an appropriate value.
■ | denotes alternative choices
■ {param1 | param2 | ... } signifies that one of the parameters in {} must be used. Do not type the brackets.
Documentation Accessibility
Oracle’s goal is to make our products, services, and supporting documentation accessible to the disabled community with good usability. To that end, our documentation includes features that make information available to users of assistive technology. This documentation is available in HTML format, and contains markup to facilitate access by the disabled community. Standards will continue to evolve over time, and Oracle is actively engaged with other market-leading
technology vendors to address technical obstacles so that our documentation can be accessible to all of our customers. For additional information, visit the Oracle Accessibility Program web site at http://www.oracle.com/accessibility/.
Overview of Oracle Enterprise Manager 1-1
1
Overview of Oracle Enterprise Manager
Oracle Enterprise Manager is a system management tool that provides an integrated solution for centrally managing your heterogeneous environment. Combining a graphical console, Oracle Management Servers, Oracle Intelligent Agents, common services, and administrative tools, Oracle Enterprise Manager provides a comprehensive systems management platform for managing Oracle products.
From the client interface, the Oracle Enterprise Manager Console, you can perform the following tasks:
■ Administer the complete Oracle environment, including databases, iAS servers, applications, and services.
■ Diagnose, modify, and tune multiple databases.
■ Schedule tasks on multiple systems at varying time intervals. ■ Monitor database conditions throughout the network.
■ Administer multiple network nodes and services from many locations. ■ Share tasks with other administrators.
■ Group related targets together to facilitate administration tasks. ■ Launch integrated Oracle and third-party tools.
■ Customize the display of an Enterprise Manager administrator.
This chapter presents an overview of Oracle Enterprise Manager’s benefits, architecture, and major components.
The chapter is divided into the following sections: ■ Three-Tier Framework
■ Benefits of Oracle Enterprise Manager ■ Common Services
Three-Tier Framework
Overview of Oracle Enterprise Manager 1-3
Three-Tier Framework
Oracle Enterprise Manager architecture consists of a three-tier framework. Unlike a two-tier client-server structure, where a client tier responsible for the presentation of information accesses data from a server, Oracle Enterprise Manager utilizes a three-tier architecture which includes:
■ Console clients and integrated tools provide a graphical interface for administrators—first tier
■ Management Servers and a database repository provide a scalable middle tier for processing system management tasks—second tier
■ Intelligent Agents installed on each node monitor its services and execute tasks from the Management Server—third tier
Figure 1–1 Three-Tier Architecture
With Oracle Enterprise Manager’s three-tier framework, data-intensive business logic is moved off the client and is recast as shared services on one or more
Three-Tier Framework
middle-tier Oracle Management Servers, providing reliability, scalability, and fault tolerance for enterprise environments.
Because not all enterprises need to implement Enterprise Manager as a three tier system,
Enterprise Manager is also available in standalone mode, a two-tier framework which connects directly to the databases. The Console launched standalone allows a single person to use one or more applications without requiring an Oracle
Management Server or Intelligent Agent.
Use the standalone Console if you want to perform basic administrative tasks that do not require the job, event, or group system.
If you want to use events, jobs, sharing of administrative data, blackouts, groups, enhanced notifications, historical collections, and have the ability to run
applications in a web browser, use Enterprise Manager connected to the
Management Server. For more information about the standalone Console, see the
Three-Tier Framework
Overview of Oracle Enterprise Manager 1-5
Clients
The first tier of Oracle Enterprise Manager is comprised of clients such as consoles and management applications, which present a graphical user interface to
administrators for all management tasks. These client components can be installed locally or brought up with a web browser.
The first-tier clients depend on second-tier Oracle Management Servers for the bulk of their application logic.
Figure 1–2 First Tier
The Oracle Enterprise Manager Console provides menus, toolbars, and drawers allowing access to Oracle tools.
Three-Tier Framework
The Console is partitioned into a two-pane master/detail view of the
administrator’s global environment. The "master" left pane displays the Navigator tree while the "detail" right pane shows property sheets for objects which are selected within the Navigator. In addition, Events, Jobs, Groups, and Report definitions have been integrated into the Navigator as well.
Figure 1–3 Oracle Enterprise Manager Console
Note: See Chapter 2, "The Console" for descriptions of the basic
components of the Console and how they are organized. For information about the Console menus, see the Oracle Enterprise Manager
Three-Tier Framework
Overview of Oracle Enterprise Manager 1-7
Oracle Management Server
The second tier of the Oracle Enterprise Manager framework is comprised of one or more Oracle Management Servers. The Management Server is the core of the Enterprise Manager framework. It provides administrative user accounts, processes management functions such as jobs and events, and manages the flow of
information between the Console (first tier) and the nodes with Intelligent Agents (third tier).
Figure 1–4 Management Server
The Oracle Management Server uses a repository to store all system data,
application data, information about the state of managed nodes, and information about any system management packs. A repository is a set of database tables that must be located in a supported Oracle database accessible to the Oracle
Management Server.
If necessary, a large enterprise can use more than one Oracle Management Server in the middle tier. When multiple Oracle Management Servers are used, they share and balance the workload, ensuring high performance and scalability.
Three-Tier Framework
Figure 1–5 Second Tier
One of the most important responsibilities of the Oracle Management Server is distributing tasks to the Oracle Intelligent Agents, which run on managed nodes in the third tier. The Intelligent Agents are responsible for the localized execution of tasks and the on-going monitoring of databases and other targets on the managed nodes.
Also, the Administrator can reconnect to a Management Server from within the Console should the Management Server to which the Console was originally connected become unavailable whether due to scheduled maintenance on the node or a power outage in the area where the Management Server resides.
Managed Nodes
The third tier of the Oracle Enterprise Manager framework is comprised of managed nodes which contain databases and other managed targets. Residing on each node is an Oracle Intelligent Agent, which communicates with the Oracle Management Server(s) and performs tasks sent by consoles and client applications.
Three-Tier Framework
Overview of Oracle Enterprise Manager 1-9
Figure 1–6 Third Tier
The Oracle Intelligent Agent monitors databases and other targets in the node for registered events (potential problem occurrences) and scheduled jobs (activities), both sent by the client via the middle-tier Oracle Management Server(s).
Intelligent Agents function independently of the databases and other targets they support, and also function independently of the Console, management applications, and Oracle Management Servers. By running independently of other components, Intelligent Agents can perform such tasks as starting up and shutting down a database and staying operational if another part of the system is down. In the Intelligent Agent version 9.0.1, the Intelligent Agent process will be
automatically restarted in cases where the Intelligent Agent process exits due to an abnormal condition within the environment in which the Intelligent Agent is running.
Intelligent Agents support Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP),
enabling third-party applications to communicate with the Intelligent Agent and be managed along with Oracle targets.
The Intelligent Agent handles the collection of system performance data (for example, file I/O or CPU usage data) for Capacity Planner and Performance Manager, which are data-analysis applications in the optional Oracle Diagnostics Pack, Oracle Management Pack for Oracle Applications, and Oracle Management Pack for SAP R/3. You do not have to configure a separate data collection service for this purpose.
Benefits of Oracle Enterprise Manager
Benefits of Oracle Enterprise Manager
Oracle Enterprise Manager enables administrators to maintain the highest level of performance and availability while controlling system management costs. This section describes the major benefits of Oracle Enterprise Manager and its scalability, power, and reliability.
Single Point of Management
From the Oracle Enterprise Manager Console, you can manage and administer all your distributed systems, databases, tools, and users from a central location. An intuitive graphical user interface that provides powerful and robust system management, the Console gives you a central point of control for the Oracle environment. The easy-to-use interface can simplify tasks for the system administrator.
With Oracle Enterprise Manager, a distributed enterprise can be managed as easily and effectively as a local workgroup, lowering the cost of system ownership. The Oracle Enterprise Manager framework allows the automation and delegation of
Note: For more information about the Intelligent Agent, see the Oracle
Intelligent Agent Users Guide. For more information about the Oracle
Diagnostics Pack, Oracle Management Pack for Oracle Applications, and Oracle Management Pack for SAP R/3, see Chapter 5, "Oracle
Management Packs and Integrated Applications".
Topic See Page
Single Point of Management 1-10
Multi-Administrator System 1-11
Scalability for Growing, Distributed Environments 1-11
Extensible Architecture 1-12
Automated Lights-out Administration 1-12
Autonomous Intelligent Agent 1-12
Database Administration Functionality 1-13
Benefits of Oracle Enterprise Manager
Overview of Oracle Enterprise Manager 1-11
routine, time-consuming tasks on multiple targets. Jobs can be scheduled on multiple nodes simultaneously and groups of targets can be monitored together.
Multi-Administrator System
In many enterprises, teams of database administrators must cooperate to manage numerous systems, often remotely. With Oracle Enterprise Manager, database management tasks can be organized and distributed in multi-administrator enterprises, and system data can be safely shared among administrators. With Oracle Enterprise Manager, system data, application data, and the state of managed targets is contained in the repository, which stores all administrative data. If you are using more than one Oracle Management Server, they can share a
repository. The Oracle Management Server handles security and distributes notifications and management information to administrators based on the access levels that are set up for them in the repository. Each administrator has an account which provides access to the Oracle Management Server and the central data stored in the repository.
The Oracle Management Server filters information as it flows between different consoles and the targets on the managed nodes. Because all administrative data is stored in a central repository, administrators can work together and see the activity of other administrators. This distribution of information reduces redundancy, which saves time and keeps administrative costs down.
Scalability for Growing, Distributed Environments
With its three-tier architecture, Oracle Enterprise Manager has the ability to maintain performance and automate routine tasks in rapidly growing, distributed environments. As the number of nodes and managed targets in your network increases, or if the current Oracle Management Server is overloaded, you can add more Oracle Management Servers to the middle tier to share and balance the workload. Balancing the workload in the middle tier rather than investing in additional systems management overhead, controls the cost of systems management.
Because multiple Oracle Management Servers can share a repository as their back-end store, they provide fault tolerance for each other. If one Oracle
Management Server fails, the clients registered with it can immediately log in again and register with any of the other Oracle Management Servers running with that repository, and work continues seamlessly. Any clients registered with an Oracle Management Server other than the failed one are unaffected.
Benefits of Oracle Enterprise Manager
For failover and scalability of the repository database, Oracle has database solutions such as Oracle9i Real Application Clusters, Oracle Failsafe, Replication
Management, and others.
Extensible Architecture
Oracle Enterprise Manager’s flexible architecture allows new products and additional modules to be written and added to the suite. Oracle Enterprise
Manager’s use of open standards (CORBA, IIOP, etc.) makes it possible to integrate third-party tools into the Console.
Automated Lights-out Administration
In a large, distributed database environment, the proportion of managed nodes per administrator increases rapidly, requiring tools that can automate tasks. Oracle Enterprise Manager offers automated, “lights-out” task management and proactive target monitoring for events, which enables control of the enterprise without necessarily needing additional staff to meet increasing system responsibilities. Using the Job System, you can automate routine tasks such as database backups or running reports on a regular basis. Using the Event System, you can have remote databases and other targets monitored for important occurrences (events) and set up “fixit” jobs that automatically execute in response to events. Monitoring of targets for occurrences and automatic problem correction ensures that problems are dealt with before they noticeably impact end users.
Autonomous Intelligent Agent
Because jobs are executed locally at the managed nodes, they can be completed even when a crucial part of the network is down. Localized tasks are dependable because all jobs are processed by the Intelligent Agents on the individual managed nodes.
For example, if you schedule a job to run on a node, the job will be executed locally at the node at the specified time, and will run even if a network outage occurs between the node, the Oracle Management Server, and the Console. If a target on the node is down, the Intelligent Agent stores any jobs to be performed on the target until the target is back up. If the Console is down, the Intelligent Agent stores any information about the status of the job until the Console is back in service and can receive information.
Benefits of Oracle Enterprise Manager
Overview of Oracle Enterprise Manager 1-13
Database Administration Functionality
Oracle Database Administrators (DBAs) are commonly required to perform tasks such as creating users, performing backups, adding tablespaces or datafiles, managing database objects, and changing instance parameters.
The Oracle Enterprise Manager Console offers database administration functionality that help automate and simplify the daily tasks of a DBA: Oracle Enterprise Manager also contains integrated applications for help in managing the Oracle Environment.
Ease of Use
Oracle Enterprise Manager provides a complete user-friendly system management solution that allows administrators to manage distributed environments with a minimum of effort. With the ability to access and manage remote targets, an administrator can more easily make changes and execute commands. The Oracle Enterprise Manager framework is designed to offer high scalability without
increasing complexity, allowing an administrator to manage more and more targets, confident that the environment is under control.
In addition, all Oracle Enterprise Manager applications have a similar graphical user interface allowing the administrator to manage the Oracle enterprise using the same familiar front end with each application. This interface can be used by both beginning and advanced users, and also can serve as a training tool when used with the Oracle Enterprise Manager wizards and quick tours.
Note: For an overview of the database administration functionality, see
Chapter 4, "Database Administration" or the Oracle Enterprise Manager online help. For information on the integrated applications, see
Common Services
Common Services
Oracle Enterprise Manager is made up of common services that help you manage the Oracle environment.
These common services include: ■ Target Discovery
■ Job System ■ Event System
■ Notification System and Filtering ■ Paging/E-mail Blackouts
■ Security
■ Comprehensive Reporting ■ Font Control
Target Discovery
When you launch the Console with a Management Server connection, you have access to a Discovery Wizard. This wizard is used to identify nodes in your environment that you want to manage with Enterprise Manager. In order for a node to be automatically discovered, an Intelligent Agent must be running on the node. When discovered, the node and any supported targets installed on that node are added to the Console Navigator tree and stored in the repository.
Job System
The Job System enables the automation of standard and repetitive administrative tasks. With the Job System, you can create and manage jobs, schedule their execution, and view and share information about defined jobs with other administrators connected to the repository.
In-place modification also allows administrators to add and/or remove targets for submitted jobs, regardless of the version of the Intelligent Agent.
Upon job completion or failure, the system can be configured to automatically notify you and/or other administrators through Console alert, e-mail, or page, depending on the access levels and preferred credentials.
Because a job is an administrative entity (object) within the Oracle Enterprise Manager framework, an owner is always specified for the job as well as basic
Common Services
Overview of Oracle Enterprise Manager 1-15
security parameters, which prevent or allow viewing and modifications by other administrators.
Event System
The Event System allows the Oracle environment to be monitored for operational occurrences and borderline conditions such as loss of service, shortage of storage, and resource problems such as high CPU usage.
These critical occurrences, called “events”, are each made up of one or more "tests" which an Intelligent Agent makes towards a managed target when an event is registered against it. When you register an event through the Console, you define the event condition by selecting one or more tests.
You can also dynamically change parameters of a registered event by selecting a registered event, adding and/or removing targets, changing some attributes, and then applying the changes to all the targets of that event. For 9i, you can perform a full modification. For pre-9i, you can perform limited modification. For information on Intelligent Agent restrictions, refer to the Oracle Enterprise Manager
Administrator’s Guide.
In Oracle9i, you can also specify custom operating system scripts as new event tests that will be included as part of the Enterprise Manager events system. User-Defined Events expands the breadth and flexibility of the events system by allowing you to write and incorporate custom scripts that are particular to your environment. Also, you can tie in your existing monitoring scripts into the events system, and thus take advantage of the services provided by the Enterprise Manager framework:
paging/e-mail notifications for events that go in alarm, and collaborative administration of targets.
Note: For more information about the Job System, see Chapter 3, "Job and Event Systems".
Note: Only up/down events are shipped with base Oracle Enterprise Manager; all other more advanced events are bundled with the
Common Services
In the Event system, you have the flexibility to schedule the evaluation of an event at specified intervals, on specified day of the week, or on a specified day of the month. It is a useful feature since you can schedule resource intensive jobs during off-peak periods.
When an event occurs and is detected by an Intelligent Agent, specified
administrators are notified by Console alert, e-mail, or page, depending on their access levels and preferred credentials. You can also set up a “fixit” job to run automatically in response to an event.
As in the Job System, you can share event information with other administrators connected to the repository. Events are also objects within the Oracle Enterprise Manager framework and are assigned owners and security parameters.
Notification System and Filtering
Administrators can be notified of the status of jobs and events by Console alert, e-mail, or page. When scheduling a job or registering an event, you set up notification procedures and choose which administrators to have notified of job completion or failure or event occurrence. Notification filters allow each
administrator to specify when to send an email notification as opposed to a page notification as a result of a job or event status change.
Paging/E-mail Blackouts
Oracle Enterprise Manager has a paging and e-mail blackout feature, which prevents administrators from being flooded with e-mails and pages if a managed target is brought down. For example, if a target is brought down on a regular basis for scheduled maintenance, you can specify paging and e-mail "blackouts" for the targets during those periods. During a specified blackout, enhanced notification (paging/e-mail) is deactivated while the target is down. You also have the options to start and stop blackout periods and show a list of existing blackout periods. Blackout periods can be set indefinitely until stopped, or you can specify a duration (days:hours:minutes) for a blackout period.
Note: For more information about the Event System, see Chapter 3, "Job and Event Systems".
Common Services
Overview of Oracle Enterprise Manager 1-17
Security
Security parameters in Oracle Enterprise Manager are defined for targets, objects, and administrators. All administrator accounts are defined by a Super
Administrator who creates and defines the access levels of all Enterprise Manager administrators. A Super Administrator can access any object and control its security parameters, including objects owned by other administrators. Security parameters are set up in the Preferences dialog box, shown in Figure 1–7, "Preferences Dialog Box".
Figure 1–7 Preferences Dialog Box
Oracle Enterprise Manager’s restricted access to target discovery provides better security of managed systems by allowing only Super Administrators to discover, refresh, and remove targets from the Enterprise Manager Console. This
functionality prevents novice or new administrators of a team from adding or deleting targets for which they are not responsible.
Common Services
The Console improves the security of managed environments by allowing Administrators who are actually responsible for specific targets to view and manipulate only those targets. This feature allows Super Administrators to control and customize the list of managed targets displayed in the Consoles of other, regular Administrators using Enterprise Manager. In addition, restricting certain targets from Administrators’ views improves Administrators’ ability to manage the targets to which they do have access. For example, rather than viewing all 300 discovered databases in his Console Navigator tree, Administrator Fred’s Super Administrator can customize Fred’s view such that only the 20 databases he is responsible for appear.
Comprehensive Reporting
Enterprise Manager provides comprehensive reporting so that administrators can quickly access information about the status of all monitored systems in their enterprise. The reporting functionality is fully integrated with the Enterprise Manager Job system, allowing reports to be generated automatically at specific times or at regular intervals.
This functionality, which is central to all Enterprise Manager applications, allows Administrators to create user-defined reports to satisfy unique business needs, publish reports to a central web site for general viewing, and to specify whether published reports should be generated on demand for constant access to up-to-date information or on a specified schedule to run time-consuming and/or
CPU-intensive reports during non-peak hours.
A rich set of predefined reports are supplied with Enterprise Manager out of the box such as:
■ Instance Configuration: Displays database instance information, options, system global area information, and initialization parameters.
■ Schema: Displays available schema objects, disk space used by tables, and invalid database objects. (non SYS and SYSTEM objects)
■ Storage Status: Displays current database storage information such as the number of objects nearing the maximum number of extents, non-extendable tables, rollback segment usage, rollback statistics, and I/O activity against individual files within a tablespace.
■ Topology: Displays a topological overview of all monitored targets and services. You can select any target or service of interest from this page to generate target-specific reports.
Common Services
Overview of Oracle Enterprise Manager 1-19
■ Event Reports: Displays information on outstanding alerts, information on alerts for a target that has moved to the event history, and lists all registered events for a target.
■ Service Level Reports: Displays combined availability of the services, availability information for selected services, downtime details for selected services, sequential service availability state changes, and captured low-level service availability data.
For more information, see the Oracle Enterprise Manager Administrator’s Guide and the online help.
Font Control
You can control font size and style of the Console and applications. If the default fonts are too large or small for your display, you can change them from the Console. Any application which is then launched from the Console will display the updated font size.
Note: More reports may be available depending on the Enterprise Manager options you have installed.
The Console 2-1
2
The Console
The Console is a client interface in the first tier of the Oracle Enterprise Manager framework and is used to centrally manage and administer multiple databases and other targets and your entire Oracle environment. This chapter describes the basic components of the Console and how they are organized, and is divided into the following sections:■ Console Graphical User Interface ■ Console Views
Console Graphical User Interface
Console Graphical User Interface
The Oracle Enterprise Manager Console uses a master/detail view to provide an integrated, consistent, and efficient way of managing your enterprise. When an object in the Navigator (master) is selected, the appropriate details are displayed on the right-hand side of the Console (the detail pane).
Figure 2–1 Oracle Enterprise Manager Console
The Console toolbar, located along the upper-left side of the Console, allows you to access basic functions for objects in the Navigator and the Console in general. The Console tool drawers, located below the toolbar, provides quick and easy access to a wide variety of integrated applications.
Console Views
The Console 2-3
Console Views
This section describes each of the views which you can access through the Console.
Navigator
The Navigator provides:
■ Identification of the targets on nodes in the managed environment.
■ Relationships among the objects; by expanding an object, you can display any objects it contains.
■ Methods for accessing and launching administration tools on objects. ■ A source of targets and nodes with which to populate groups.
■ A source of database objects upon which to access database administration functionality and integrated applications.
■ A source of objects for copying with a simple drag and drop action.
Because the Enterprise Manager Console uses a master/detail-type user interface, objects selected in the "master" Navigator tree control what is displayed in the "detail" pane to the right. This simple, yet effective interaction paradigm is consistent for all Enterprise Manager applications.
Groups
Groups allows you organize the objects you manage into logical categories for more efficient management and administration. You can organize groups based on any criteria you determine, such as function, department, geographical location, or
Topic See Page
Navigator 2-3
Groups 2-3
Jobs 2-5
Events 2-8
Note: For more information on the Navigator, see the Oracle Enterprise
Console Views
number of administrators. You can then place the groups on a map or graphical view of the network making it easy to locate, diagnose, and act on encountered conditions. The system also lets you schedule jobs against groups and to register events to monitor a group’s status. The Groups system is especially useful for managing environments with many databases and targets.
Probably the most important aspect of the Enterprise Manager Group system is that it provides an efficient way to monitor the alerts reported by the event system. If the object or group has events registered against it, a flag showing the state of the event condition is displayed. If an object in a group has more than one event registered against it, the flag will represent the most severe alert condition.
Figure 2–2 Groups
You can create, modify, and remove groups to further organize your network view.
There are three tabbed pages in a selected Group’s right-side detail view. The View page displays the targets in the group on an optional background image. The General page
Console Views
The Console 2-5
large or small group icons. The Access page lets you determine whether other administrators have permissions for the group. It also contains default settings defined with administrator Preferences. For more information on the tabbed pages, refer to the Oracle Enterprise Manager Administrator’s Guide.
A group is represented in the Navigator by an icon and a name. You can double-click on the group’s icon to expand the group, and view and update the group’s members and sub-groups. Groups can be populated by dragging and dropping databases, groups, nodes, listeners or any other discovered targets in the Navigator into the appropriate group in the Navigator Groups folder.
The Group View gives you a graphical view of the objects in the group and their individual status. You can also add background maps to Group to better visualize locations of particular objects. For example, if you are responsible for several systems in Europe, you could use a background map of Europe and place each system icon in the country where the system resides. If an event occurs on any of the systems, a flag appears on the system’s icon in Group.
Jobs
Jobs is the user interface to the Job System, which enables you to automate repetitive administrative tasks, providing the kind of “lights out” management which is vital in a large, distributed environment.
Note: For more information about Groups, see the Oracle Enterprise
Console Views
Figure 2–3 Jobs
Jobs contains two tabbed pages, described in the following table:
Page Function
Active The Active page contains a summary of active jobs on the network. These are jobs that have been submitted to the job system and have not yet been completed. A job listed in the Active Jobs page is scheduled or running.
History The History page contains a list of previous job activities, such as multiple runs of a job. These are jobs that have been submitted to an Intelligent Agent and have run successfully or unsuccessfully.
Console Views
The Console 2-7
The Active and History pages automatically refresh when toggling between tabs. A job is made up of one or more tasks. You select these tasks when you schedule a job to be run on the databases or other targets that you are administering. Jobs can be executed immediately, set for future execution, or scheduled to be performed at regular intervals.
Administrators can use any of the pre-defined job tasks offered with the base system, or define their own tasks using SQL or OS commands. Any tasks can be grouped together to create a single job.
Tasks within a job can be set to be executed based on the success or failure of previous tasks in the job. For example, if an administrator wants users to be notified before a system shuts down, but the notification fails, the system-shutdown task in the job can be halted to avoid unnecessary negative impact on the uninformed users. Depending on the success or failure of a previous task in a job, an administrator can choose to have certain tasks in the job performed or have the entire job halt midway.
Because jobs are executed by the nodes’ Intelligent Agents, jobs can be scheduled on multiple targets and groups of targets at once. Intelligent Agents function
independently of the Console, management applications, Oracle Management Server, and the targets residing on the nodes.
Once a job has been successfully performed, or if a job failure occurs, designated administrators can be notified by Console alert, page, or e-mail, depending on the access level and preferences. Jobs that have been scheduled and have not yet been completed can be viewed. When selecting a job from the Active pane, the only job attribute you can modify is the job permission. Jobs that have been successfully or unsuccessfully completed are stored in the Job History page, which keeps a historical record of jobs scheduled in your network. Jobs can also be saved in the Job Library to be scheduled at a future time.
An administrator sets access levels on jobs so that others administrators can view the job or alter it. He can also decide who is to be notified if certain conditions occur.
Note: For more information on the Job System, see Chapter 3, "Job and Event Systems". For detailed information on Jobs, see the Oracle
Console Views
Events
Events is the interface to the Event System and enables you to monitor your network for problem occurrences. To register an event, an administrator specifies one or more tests in Events and then registers the event against one or more managed targets or groups of targets. When the Intelligent Agent(s) detects an event occurrence by performing tests on the target(s), it notifies the Oracle Management Server, which then notifies the appropriate administrator Console based on the access levels that are set for the event.
Like Jobs, Events have assigned access levels such as which administrators can view or modify the event and who is to be notified when the event occurs. After
registering an event, Events can be used to modify, cancel, or check the status of the event and see information about past events.
Events contains the following tabbed pages:
Page Function
Alerts This page displays events that have occurred and have not yet been cleared by an administrator or have not yet been manually moved to the History page.
Registered This page displays events that have been registered and for which Intelligent Agents are currently testing targets. History This page displays events that have cleared or have been
Console Views
The Console 2-9
Figure 2–4 Events
The Alerts, Register, and History pages automatically refresh when toggling between tabs.
When you select an event listed in the History or Alerts page, you can select Edit Event Occurrence item from the Event menu to access the Event Viewer window. It appears containing the following pages:
Page Function
General This page displays properties of events and the tests that comprise them.
Log This page is for viewing and adding comments about events. Any administrator with Modify or Full permissions can add a comment to this page.
Notification Details This page contains information about all the notifications that were sent when an event occurred.
Console Views
Note: For more information on the Event System, see Chapter 3, "Job and Event Systems".
Job and Event Systems 3-1
3
Job and Event Systems
This chapter describes the Oracle Enterprise Manager Job System and EventSystem.
The Job System enables the automation of standard and repetitive tasks. With the Job system, you can create and manage jobs, and view information about jobs. Jobs can be scheduled against a single target (database or other service) or multiple targets in a network, provided that the node has an Intelligent Agent running on it. If the node or its Intelligent Agent is down, the job request is queued, and once the node can be contacted, the queued job is submitted to the Intelligent Agent.
The Event System monitors your network environment for specific event conditions, such as loss of service or lack of storage. You select tests to run on managed targets (databases, nodes, listeners, or other targets), then set the
threshold parameters for which you want to be notified. You can share events with other administrators, in addition to being able to notify specific administrators when an event condition occurs. For some event tests, you can also choose to execute a fixit job that automatically corrects the problem.
This chapter describes the Job System and the Event System:
Topic See Page
Job System 3-2
Job System
Job System
The Job System allows you to schedule and manage job tasks throughout the network, even remotely. Any job that an administrator can perform from the operating system command or with SQL can be sent from the Job System and can be performed on any remote system.
With the Job System, you can perform asynchronous tasks on multiple databases and other targets without having to maintain connections to all those targets. In addition, jobs can run simultaneously on different nodes in the system.
The three tiers of Oracle Enterprise Manager, which are the Console, the Oracle Management Server, and Intelligent Agents residing on managed nodes, work in unison to schedule and execute the job.
From job scheduling to job completion, the following steps occur:
1. From the Console Jobs pane, a job is scheduled against one or more targets of the same type that is made up of one or more tasks.
2. The Oracle Management Server stores the information and checks if the target node is up or down. If the node or its Intelligent Agent is down, the Oracle Management Server queues the job.
3. Once the node can be contacted, the Oracle Management Server sends the job information to the Intelligent Agent residing on the managed node. Jobs can be sent to multiple nodes concurrently.
4. The Intelligent Agent executes the job on schedule.
5. The Intelligent Agent returns any related job messages back to the Oracle Management Server for display in the appropriate consoles based on
administrator access levels. If the Intelligent Agent cannot get in touch with the Oracle Management Server, it queues the messages.
Job System
Job and Event Systems 3-3
This section discusses the benefits of the Job System. ■ Pre-defined System Tasks
■ Job Scheduling
■ Lights-out Management ■ Cross-Platform Job Scripts ■ Job Progress
■ Job Notification and Filtering
■ Communication with the Intelligent Agent ■ Complex Jobs
■ Scalability ■ Security and Jobs
Pre-defined System Tasks
When scheduling a job, you construct it with one or more tasks. The Job System includes a variety of pre-defined tasks from which to select, such as starting up and shutting down Oracle databases and Listeners; running SQL and DBA commands; and running operating system commands or shell scripts.
Job System
Figure 3–1 Selecting Tasks When Creating a Job
Job Scheduling
The Job System is simple to use because the task of scheduling and managing jobs is centralized in the Enterprise Manager Console. The administrator only needs to submit a job once, regardless of the number of targets on which the job will run.
When you submit a job, the Management Server sends the job information to the appropriate Intelligent Agents on the targets you selected. The Intelligent Agents are responsible for executing the job on the specified schedule and returning job status messages to the Console through the Management Server. Once submitted, jobs will run regardless of whether you are logged in or not.
When a job is submitted to one or more remote sites, it is possible that any one of those site may be down. If a site or its Intelligent Agent is down, the Management Server queues any job requests that could not be delivered to the site. Once the site can be contacted, the Management Server submits the queued job to the Intelligent Agent, which in turn executes the job on the node.
If a job has been scheduled with an Intelligent Agent, and the connection between the Intelligent Agent and the Oracle Management Server goes down, the Intelligent Agent still executes the job on schedule. When the job is completed, and if the
Job System
Job and Event Systems 3-5
Management Server, which then displays the status of the job on the Console. If the Oracle Management Server cannot be contacted, the Intelligent Agent queues the status message until the server is available.
To schedule a job, you do not have to connect directly to the node on which the job will be run. You only need to submit the job from the Console and specify the targets on which it should run. The targets can include databases, nodes, listeners, web servers, and groups of such targets.
Lights-out Management
The Job System allows you to automate repetitive and periodic tasks and problem correction. If a job needs to be run periodically, the Intelligent Agents reschedule the job without the need for additional intervention. Messages about a job’s status are reported back to the Console.
The Job System can be used with the Event System to automate problem correction. When you register an event, you have the option of specifying a fixit job, which will automatically be run in response to an event to correct the problem.
Cross-Platform Job Scripts
Jobs are implemented as Tool Command Language (Tcl) scripts. Tcl is a
platform-independent scripting language used to write both job and event scripts. For example, a job can be run against a UNIX and an NT machine at the same time, without changing a single byte of information in the job definition.
Job Progress
You can monitor the progress of a job by double-clicking on the job in the Active Jobs page of the Jobs pane. When you click on a job in the list, the Job Properties dialog box appears providing information about the job’s activities and progress. After a job is run, a list of tasks comprising the job and the time that each task completed or failed appears in the Progress tab of the Job Properties dialog box.
Job Notification and Filtering
Administrators can be notified in various ways of the status of jobs, such as by electronic mail or page, depending on the administrator’s preferences. With the Job System, you can set up notification procedures and choose which administrators to have notified of job completion or failure. You can also filter e-mail and pages sent to administrators according to a job’s status.
Job System
Communication with the Intelligent Agent
Although a job is submitted from the Console, the job scripts themselves reside on the Intelligent Agents residing on the managed nodes. Because the manner in which a job is implemented may depend on the platform, each Intelligent Agent keeps its own set of job scripts.
Complex Jobs
A complex job is a job comprised of more than one task. Tasks in a job can be set up in any order, and can be configured to depend on the success or failure of other tasks in the job. For instance, a task in a job can be configured to halt if the previous task in the job fails.
Scalability
The Job System allows you to run jobs efficiently on multiple remote nodes. When you submit a job to run on a remote node, all the information needed to run the job is transferred to the Intelligent Agent servicing the node.
When the job is run, it is run by the Intelligent Agent on that node, minimizing network traffic between the remote node, the Oracle Management Server, and the Console. The only communication between the Intelligent Agent and the Oracle Management Server is the initial transmission of the job and any subsequent messages about job status.
Because jobs are run independently by Intelligent Agents, you can submit any number of jobs on multiple nodes without affecting the Console. For example, you can submit several jobs and then immediately administer something else without waiting for the Intelligent Agents to schedule the jobs.
Additionally, because there is an Intelligent Agent residing on each managed node, jobs can run on multiple nodes simultaneously. For example, you can submit a job, such as running a report, on multiple databases worldwide. The job is then run independently by each Intelligent Agent servicing each database. In this way, all jobs are performed by their respective Intelligent Agents at the same time.
Security and Jobs
When jobs are run on a managed target, your preferred credentials for that target (stored in the repository) are used for accessing that target; therefore, you can perform any task from the Console that you could perform if you were logged directly into the target using those credentials.
Event System
Job and Event Systems 3-7
Event System
The Event system allows you to efficiently monitor a large system. Using the Event system and Intelligent Agents, you can effectively monitor any number of
databases, nodes, or other targets 24 hours a day, and be alerted when a problem or specific condition is detected. You can also pinpoint only the targets you wish to monitor. The Event system can be extended to include other third-party
applications that detect events independent of the Intelligent Agents.
Events are simply a group of event tests that you want to run on your managed systems. Oracle Enterprise Manager includes a variety of predefined event tests that you can use when creating events. The event tests are grouped by target type, for instance: ■ Database ■ Listener ■ HTTP Servers ■ Concurrent Manager ■ Node
You can create events using the predefined event tests that have been installed with Oracle Enterprise Manager. The events are created with information entered in the Event property sheet. You determine parameters such as the target that is
monitored, the specific tests to perform, the frequency that the event test is
executed, and whether other administrators can share the events. Some event tests have parameters with threshold values that you can customize for your system. In the Event system, event settings are stored based on the administrator registering the event. This allows administrators of large systems to customize their event systems to their preferences and tasks. Administrators receive messages for events for which they have been selected to receive notifications by other administrators.
Event System
The Event system includes the following processes:
1. Creating an event by completing the Event property sheet pages. This involves:
a. Determining the target and frequency of the event.
b. Selecting the event tests that you want to run.
c. Determining the parameters for the event tests.
d. Specifying a fixit job to be run when an event triggers. (Optional)
e. Assigning access levels to allow other administrators to share the event.
2. Saving and modifying an event.
3. Registering, or submitting, an event to a target.
4. Interpreting and correcting an event occurrence.
a. Logging information pertinent to your interpretation of the event to the Event log.
b. Assigning the Event to a different administrator if appropriate. The Event System contains the following features:
Proactive Event Management
When registering an event, in some cases you can create a fixit job that responds to specific event conditions. Refer to the Oracle Enterprise Manager Administrator’s Guide for more information about associating fixit jobs with events. These situations are noted in the online help for Oracle events.
Events and fixit jobs used together automate problem detection and correction. The proactive management of an event ensures that a problem is corrected before it noticeably impacts end-users.
Topic See Page
Proactive Event Management 3-8
Scalability 3-9
Event Notification and Filtering 3-9
Event System
Job and Event Systems 3-9
Scalability
The Event System allows administrators to monitor multiple databases and systems. For example, it would be difficult for one person to connect to 100 databases individually every day to check on each database’s performance. However, using the Event System, one person can effectively have the databases monitored 24 hours a day with minimal performance impact on the Console, and he can be alerted if a problem is detected. Because the monitoring is performed by Intelligent Agents independently of the Console, multiple targets can be monitored without slowing down other tasks.
The Event System also gives you the option of focusing on select systems and events. Rather than monitoring all targets or a large number of targets at once, you can choose to focus on select targets.
Event Notification and Filtering
Events can consist of multiple event tests.
Event Notification
If any one of these tests identify a specified condition, the event is triggered and a notification is sent to the Console. If enhanced notification is configured for your system, paging and/or e-mail notifications are sent.
Event notification occurs as follows:
■ A notification is sent when the threshold of an event test exceeds the level specified by parameter values. If the event does not have parameters, a notification is sent when the event occurs.
■ If the event test condition remains above the threshold specified, a new notification is not sent. If the condition does not exist when the next test is run, the event clears. Notifications can also be sent (e-mail/paging) when an event clears based on filtering.
■ If an event test condition changes from warning to critical or critical to warning, a new notification is sent to the Event pane or via e-mail or page.
■ If you acknowledge and move an alert to history, a new notification is not sent to the Alerts page unless a moved warning changes to a critical alert.
