Progressive Movement

Progressive Movement

 Progressive groups

 Muckrakers (leave room)  Suffrage

 New Cabinet positions  Curb Trusts

 Too citified  No third term  1907 Panic

 TR’s contributions  16th Amendment  17th Amendment  Trusts

 American Tobacco v. US, 1911  Payne-Aldrich Tariff, 1909  Conservation

 Progressive Party  New Nationalism  Woodrow Wilson

 Triple Wall of Privilege  Progressives decline  Wilson’s personality  Underwood Tariff  18th Amendment  19th Amendment  Alice Paul

What is the

Progressive

Movement?

#31

Greatest reform movement since abolition

Called for govt. to correct the social and economic

problems

What are the shared goals of

the movement? #32



Limit big business



Improve democracy



Strengthen social justice

Religious Groups

 Social Gospel

Movement

 YMCA

 Salvation Army  Temperance

The Press and

Muckrakers

The Octopus

1901



Frank Norris



Conflicts with

Upton Sinclair

 Wrote The Jungle

(1906)

 Showed problems with

Ida B. Tarbell

History of

Standard Oil

(1902)



Problems with

Lincoln Steffens

 Wrote The Shame of

Cities (1904)

 Describes the

Jacob Riis

 Showed problems of the poor in cities;

urban slums

 Wrote How the Other Half Lives (1890)  Some say he may have staged some of

Utilities

 Who should control

Local government reforms #36



Commission form of govt.



Different departments in charge of city

management



Council-Manager form of govt.



City council and city manager control

the city govt.

State Reforms

#37

 Robert M. LaFollette  Fightin’ Bob

 Governor of Wisconsin  Used many Populist ideas

in government

 He introduced the idea of

direct primaries

 Nominating candidates

directly

 Before this state

Worker Reforms #38

 Child labor regulations  Workman’s

compensation

 Maximum hours

 Minimum wages in some

Suffrage

 Women’s movement to get the right to vote  Susan B. Anthony among the leaders

 Elizabeth Cady Stanton, etc.

 They petitioned at the local, state and federal level

 On November 5, 1872, Susan B. Anthony cast a ballot in the presidential election, though women at the time were prohibited from doing so.

 Two weeks later, she was arrested, and the following year, she was found guilty of illegal voting.

 Among most militant was Alice Paul

 Minor v. Happersett, 1875  Women were citizens

 That didn’t give them the right to vote  If you can keep the right to vote from the

1. On an imaginary report card for 1901, rate the success of TWO of Anthony’s concerns —civil, political, industrial, and educational. Base your answer on solid evidence.

2. If we could talk with Susan B. Anthony today, how satisfied would she be with her stated objective of acquiring “perfect equality of rights for women”?

3. In 1901, many men and even women considered Anthony and her followers aggressive, unreasonable, and demanding. Why did they hold these opinions?

Writing at the age of eighty, having just retired from a long public life as an advocate for abolition and women’s rights, Susan B. Anthony trenchantly summarized the gains that had been made in women’s rights. Her energetic tone suggests the inner

resilience that had established her as a leader in the drive for women’s voting rights and would propel the movement far into the twentieth century.

The one purpose of my life has been the establishment of perfect Equality of rights for women – civil and political – industrial and educational – We have attained equal chances in nearly all of the colleges & Universities – equal chances to work – but not equal pay – we have school suffrage in half the states, taxpayers' suffrage in a half–dozen states – Municipal suffrage in one state – Kansas – and full suffrage in favor – Wyoming, Colorado, Utah, Idaho – and hope and work in faith till the end –

Theodore Roosevelt

(1901-1909)

 Republican

 Became President after

who was assassinated?

 Killed by Leon Czolgoz

(anarchist)

 Inspired by the killing of

the King of Italy

 Doctors flushed his

system

1902 Anthracite

Coal Strike #41

in Pennsylvania, 1902

 President can end

New Departments Created

Dept. of Commerce and Labor,

1903

Later divided into two

Curb Trusts

TR didn’t think all trusts were bad

He wanted to keep the good ones and get rid of the bad ones

Northern Securities Company,

1902 #42

 TR’s first big victory

against trusts

 It was a holding

company owned by JP Morgan

 Tried to gain a

monopoly in the northwest railroads

 TR attacked it and it

was upheld by the courts

 Other trusts were

declared

Northern Securities v. US,

1904

 Upheld Roosevelt’s

actions in breaking up the railroad

monopoly

 Led to more attacks

TR gave more power to the Interstate

Commerce Act and attacked the Railroads

#43



1903-Elkins Act

MEAT #44

 After Sinclair’s book……

what was is called?

 Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906:

 Many times coal was

used to change color and formaldehyde used for preservation

Mary had a little lamb, And

when she saw it sicken

She shipped it off to

Conservation

#45

TR considered this the most important problem in the US

Set up wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, etc.

148 million acres; same size of Germany

Too Citified

question if they were too citified

 Books on nature

sold out

 “Call of the Wild”,

etc

 Boy Scouts grew

 Spies!

No Third Term

 TR made a promise

not to run for a third term

 This made him a lame

duck president

 Lost some of his power  “The power of a king

1907 Panic



Economic panic blamed on TR



Led the way for monetary reform



Showed the need for elastic currency



National banks given authority to issue

emergency currency backed by various

collateral

TR’s Contributions

 Expanded power of

the executive branch

 Shaped the

Progressive movement

 Precursor to New

Deal

TR

 Boxer

 Injured eye (partially blind)

 Hunter

 Went to Africa to big game hunt

 Fighter

William H. Taft (1909-1913)

TR supported Taft

 Taft was Republican

 More conservative than

TR; Still a progressive

 Attacked all trusts

 Defeated William J.

Bryan (again…)

 Sold some of the land

set aside by TR

16th Amendment

17th Amendment

Trusts

 Taft attacked all trusts

 Attacked more than TR

(90 to 44)

 Over ruled some of TR’s

decisions on trusts

 TR allowed US Steel

meger and Taft attacked it

 Widened the gap

American Tobacco v. US, 1911



Founded by JB Duke



Broke the tobacco trust into several

companies



Taft was President



Broken into other companies

 American Tobacco Company  R. J. Reynolds

Also broke up Standard Oil



Standard Oil

 Esso Eastern States Standard Oil (Exxon)  Mobil

 Amoco-American Oil Company (BP)  Chevron

Payne-Aldrich

Tariff, 1909

Taft had promised to lower

tariffs, but he raised tariffs

Tariffs

Senate added on

hundreds of revisions

 When it was signed it

actually raised tariffs on most goods

 Not sea moss, hides,

Mann-Elkins Act, 1910



#46



More control over

railroads and

telegraph companies

(trusts) under the

Conservation and Taft

 Taft was an avid conservationist  But he would open up more

land to be developed and sold including land TR set aside

 When criticized by a member of

the Dept. of Agriculture (Gifford Pinchot…TR’s buddy), Taft fired him

 Protests

 Conservatives in the party were

Joe Cannon #47

 Conservative Speaker of

the House (Rep)

 Seemed like a dictator

to some in the house

 Taft did little to control

him

 Hurt mid-term elections

 Mid-term elections saw

the loss of Republican seats

 Taft blamed for no

TR Returns

 TR didn’t like what Taft

was doing and decided to run for President

 Progressive Party

 Bull Moose Party

 New third party by TR

 His platform was a New

Nationalism

 Like an evangelical revival  Battle Hymn of the

Republic and Onward Christian Soldiers were party songs

"It Takes More Than That

to Kill a Bull Moose"

 TR was shot in an assassination attempt by

John Schrank, who had been having disturbing dreams about TR's predecessor, William McKinley and also thought that no president should serve more than two terms.

 Schrank spent the rest of his life in a mental

institution.

 I saw President McKinley sit up in his

coffin pointing at a man in monk's attire in whom I recognized Theodore Roosevelt.

The dead president said, "This is my murderer, avenge my death."

 Schrank had stalked TR for thousands of

TR and Wilson’s Plans

C o n s o l i d a t i o n o f t r u s t s G r o w t h o f r e u l a t o r y a g e n c i e s S u f f r a g e S o c i a l W e l f a r e N e w N a t i o n a l i s m

T e d d y R o o s e v e l t

S m a l l e n t e r p r i s e E n t r e p r e n u r s h i p

U n r e g u la t e d a n d U n m o n o p o liz e d m a r k e t s

C o m p e t it i o n

N o s o c i a l w e l f a r e V ig o r o u s e n f o r c e m e n t

o f a n t i- t r u s t l a w s N e w F r e e d o m

Woodrow Wilson (1913-1920)

 Democrat  Progressive

 Minority president (41% of the

vote)

 First Democrat since Cleveland

and Johnson

 Wilson also believed in a strong

executive branch like TR

 TR, Taft and Wilson were all

Progressive Presidents

 Congress was a Democratic

Progressives Decline

Few candidates in local and state

offices

Wilson’s Personality

 Didn’t have touch with

the common people

 More at home with

intellectuals than politicians

 He looked down at

lesser minds and stupid senators

 He wouldn’t bend

 No gray areas

 Would rather break

New Freedom



#55



Wilson’s platform



Attacks the Triple Wall of Privilege The

Three T’s

Tariffs

 Underwood Tariff

 Lowers tariffs

 Lowest since the

Civil War

 Where would the

Wilson would pass other

Amendments



18th Amendment



Prohibition



19th Amendment

Suffragettes we discussed

 Lucretia Mott (1793–1880) - Quaker, abolitionist, a women's rights activist, and a social reformer  Sojourner Truth (c. 1797–1883) - abolitionist, women's rights activist, speaker, gave women's

rights speech "Ain't I a Woman?"

 Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815–1902) - initiator of the Seneca Falls Convention, author of

the Declaration of Sentiments, co-founder National Women's Suffrage Association, major pioneer of women's rights in America

 Susan B. Anthony (1820–1906) - co-founder and leader National Women's Suffrage Association,

created the National American Woman's Suffrage Association

 Harriet Tubman (1822–1913) - African-American abolitionist, humanitarian and Union spy during

the American Civil War

 Carrie Chapman Catt (1859–1947) - president of the National American Woman Suffrage

Association, founder of the League of Women Voters and the International Alliance of Women, campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

 Jane Addams (1860–1935) - social activist, president Women's International League for Peace and

Freedom

 Alice Paul (1885–1977) - Leader, main strategist, and inspiration for the 1910s Women's Voting



Alice Paul was among

the most militant of

suffragettes



Hunger strikes



Jail time

Decentralized Banking #50

 Still using the National Banking Act from the

Civil War

 Problems shown in 1907 Panic

 Most of the money was in large cities and

couldn’t be mobilized

 Wilson wanted to decentralize the bank in

govt. hands

 Republicans supported a private bank system

High Finance

 Federal Reserve Bank System, 1913  divided the nation into

12 districts with federal reserve banks

 Controls the money

Attacking trusts #51

 Federal Trade

Commission, 1914  investigate unfair

business practices

 Clayton Act, 1914

 unions have a right to

Civil Rights