Chapter 30_US in WWI_ppt_APUS

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_{US Entrance into the War}

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_{US Mobilization}

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_{The role of the Government}

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_{Limiting Civil Liberties}

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_{War Propaganda}

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_{The Doughboys and “Over There”}

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_{Ending the War}

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_{The Fourteen Points Speech}

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_{The Treaty of Versailles}

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_{The League of Nations}

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_{The Great War Starts!}

Period 7: Chapter 30 – The

Events and Impact of WWI

“But the right is more precious than peace, and we shall fight for the things which we have always carried nearest our hearts”

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• _{Lets Remember back from Chapter 29…}

what things are going that would make the US want to get involved???

• _{Only go to war over “actual overt acts”}

– Zimmerman Telegraph does this!

• From German foreign minister to German ambassador of Mexico proposing an alliance against US - Mex. would get territory from US.

• _{April 2, 1917 – US declares war –}

Wilson said the US has to “make the world safe for democracy.”

• _{Jeanette Rankin}_{– first woman}

congressman – only one to vote against declaration of war.

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• _{War Industries Board (WIB)}_{led by}_{Bernard Baruch}_–

encouraged mass production and standardization of products – more efficiency.

• _{Labor generally supports the war – union}

membership increases A LOT…

• _{However, mistreatment during the war will}

lead to conflict once we are done fighting!

• _{Conservation of}_{fuel administration}_{with “gasless}

Sundays” or “lightless nights”.

• _{Food Administration}_{(led by}_{Herbert Hoover)}_-

“meatless, sweetless, and wheatless” and “victory gardens.”

• _{War bonds were promoted – “victory bonds.”}

• _{Propaganda for war support –}_{Committee on Public}

Information led by George Creel – created posters to promote the war and got speakers to support the

war.

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• _{Unemployment virtually}

disappeared.

• _{Expansion of “big government.”}

• _{Excessive govt. regulations in}

economy.

• _{Some gross mismanagement}

_

overlapping jurisdictions.

• _{Close cooperation between}

public and private sectors.

• _{Unprecedented opportunities}

for disadvantaged groups.

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US Mobilization – Limiting Civil

Liberties

• _{War hysteria – anti-immigrant sentiment}

against Germans and A-H’s.

• _{Liberty measles, Liberty cabbage, and}

Liberty sandwiches – measles, sauerkraut, hamburgers.

• _{Espionage and Sedition Acts}_{– fined 10k and}

jailed 20 years for hurting the war effort.

• _{Cannot speak out against the government in}

anyway.

• _{Cannot spy or aid other nations.}

• _{Targeted socialists like}_{Eugene Debs (}

anti-war advocate and former Socialist presidential candidate).

• _{Schenck v. US}_{(1919) - If an act of speech posed}

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• _Mobilization_{– US not prepared (only 200K in}

service in 1917) – passed the Selective Service Act

– men must register for a draft (2M in 1918).

• _{Mass production of ships – ship yards were draft}

exempt, emphasized shipyard importance, reduced assembly time, and took over private/commercial ships.

• _{Used the}_{convoy system}_{– destroyers escorted}

merchant ships for protection against subs.

• _{Sent the}_{American Expeditionary Force (AEF)}_led

by Gen. John Pershing to Europe to fight – US infantry called “doughboys” (they cleaned their belts with white clay).

• _{First Mechanized War! New Weapons – machines}

guns, tanks, airplanes, mustard gas, barbed wire, grenades, u-boats.

• _{Conditions were bad! – filth, lice, rats, polluted}

water, dysentery, shell shock, trench mouth.

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US Mobilization – Minorities in

the War Effort

Women

• _{Workers needed and men are fighting – more}

women go to work!

• _{Served as nurses, National League for Women’s}

Service, munitions workers, YWCA war effort.

• _{Many feminists were against the war.}

• _{Larger population supported it as a way to spread}

“true” democracy (votes for women).

• _{Suffrage Movement – still hot and heavy!}

African Americans

• _{The Great Migration}_{starts - large numbers of}

African-Americans moved to northern cities as industrial jobs became more widely available.

• _{400K Afam soldiers fight – served in segregated}

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US Mobilization – Propaganda!

Why is Propaganda needed???

Posters – What types, who did they speak to, how?:

• _Enlistment!

• _{Buying War Bonds}

• _{Supported Government Activity} • _{The Role of women at home}

• _{The Role of African Americans} • _{Use of emotion – fear, guilt,}

pride, etc. Music

• _{“Over There”}_{by George Cohen} • _{Became the “unofficial” war}

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• _{Wilson’s Plan - Fourteen Points Speech – plan for}

world peace (most important are 1-5 and 14). 1. No secret treaties

2. Freedom of seas for all

3. Foster free trade (no trade barriers)

4. Arms reduced to lowest point for national security – no military responses

5. Self-determination for colonized ppl

14. League of Nations – international org for diplomatic settling of problems.

• _{Plan rejected by France and GB – too easy on}

Germany.

• _{Instead, the Big Four (Wilson of US,}

Clemenceau of France, Lloyd George of GB, and Orlando of Italy) came up with a plan – NO German, A-H, Russian input.

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• _{Established 9 new nations – Poland,}

Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, etc.

• _{Gave France and GB control of temporary colonies}

from A-H.

• _{Germany couldn’t have an army and had to pay}

reparations (war damages of 33B).

• _{Germany’s treatment created a problem for}

lasting peace (Humiliation – War Guilt Clause, suffered most losses, and no way to make

money).

• _{Took lots of land from Russia – Soviet Union}

wanted it back.

• _Ignored_{self-determination}_{for colonies –}

Vietnam wants rights from France!

• _Included_{League of Nations (LoN)}_{– international}

peace keeping agency (to please the US).

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1920

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• _{US didn’t like the LoN –}_Henry

Cabot Lodge (Rep Leader of

Opposition) and Irreconcilables

(thought domestic reforms would suffer).

• _{Members had to get}

approval to declare war - Said it was unconstitutional (US should be able to declare war alone).

• _{Wilson is growing less popular}

(due to Progressive stance and inflation).

• _{Wilson pushes the League of}

Nations on a nation wide tour – has a stroke in 1919 – US never signed Treaty and never joined the LoN.

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Is the League of Nations

Strong?

“We are citizens

of the world. The

tragedy of our

times is that we

do not know

this.”

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World War I Casualties

0 1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

8,000,000

9,000,000

10,000,000

Russia

Germany

Austria-Hungary

France

Great Britain

Italy

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Results of the War

I. Social

1. Changes the way nations view war – no longer a glorious event.

2. Lots of Death – 9M casualties!!!

3. Change in America is both unwanted and welcomed – The Roaring 1920’s!

II. Economic

1. Global Depression, especially in Europe (need to rebuild)

2. US boom until 1929 – Great Depression

3. Germany is worse than everyone – leads to Nazism! III. Political

1. US becomes a world power – politically and militarily but Isolationists again.

2. League of Nations is ineffective!