Distributed Cloud
Computing Platform as a
Service (PaaS) Analysis and
Recommendations
OGF 34, 14 March 2012
Eugene Luster
Cloud Researcher, R2AD, LLC
David Moolenaar
VP West Cost, R2AD LLC
Michael V. Behrens
CTO, R2AD, LLC
OGF IPR Policies Apply
• “I acknowledge that participation in this meeting is subject to the OGF Intellectual Property Policy.” • Intellectual Property Notices Note Well: All statements related to the activities of the OGF and
addressed to the OGF are subject to all provisions of Appendix B of GFD-C.1, which grants to the OGF and its participants certain licenses and rights in such statements. Such statements include verbal statements in OGF meetings, as well as written and electronic communications made at any time or place, which are addressed to:
• the OGF plenary session,
• any OGF working group or portion thereof,
• the OGF Board of Directors, the GFSG, or any member thereof on behalf of the OGF,
• the ADCOM, or any member thereof on behalf of the ADCOM,
• any OGF mailing list, including any group list, or any other list functioning under OGF auspices,
• the OGF Editor or the document authoring and review process
• Statements made outside of a OGF meeting, mailing list or other function, that are clearly not intended
to be input to an OGF activity, group or function, are not subject to these provisions.
• Excerpt from Appendix B of GFD-C.1: ”Where the OGF knows of rights, or claimed rights, the OGF
secretariat shall attempt to obtain from the claimant of such rights, a written assurance that upon approval by the GFSG of the relevant OGF document(s), any party will be able to obtain the right to implement, use and distribute the technology or works when implementing, using or distributing technology based upon the specific specification(s) under openly specified, reasonable,
non-discriminatory terms. The working group or research group proposing the use of the technology with respect to which the proprietary rights are claimed may assist the OGF secretariat in this effort. The results of this procedure shall not affect advancement of document, except that the GFSG may defer approval where a delay may facilitate the obtaining of such assurances. The results will, however, be recorded by the OGF Secretariat, and made available. The GFSG may also direct that a summary of the
results be included in any GFD published containing the specification.”
• OGF Intellectual Property Policies are adapted from the IETF Intellectual Property Policies that support the Internet Standards Process.
Background: Cloud Computing Standards
Research Focus
We (R2AD, LLC) are sponsored by DISA’s Office of the CTO to pursue
cloud computing research with emphasis on the following:
5.
High Performance
6.
Transparency
7.
Ease of Management
We are currently directly involved with these standards groups:
–
Open Grid Forum (OGF)
• OCCI specification (more later)
–
Storage Network Industry Association (SNIA)
• CDMI specification (more later)
–
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
• Document roadmap of cloud standards
• Others as time/energy permit
1.
Open Source
2.
High Security
3.
Interoperability
4.
Portability
R2AD Android Cloud Management ClientGoal: Cloud Interoperability
•
Create a specification for PaaS which outlines the key
architecture components to enable interoperability
•
Document standards (de-facto or other) to include along
with open-source components
•
Specify APIs where needed which can be used by
cloud brokers or by developers
•
Facilitate resource utilization between clouds and
migration of data and VMs between clouds
Cloud
Computing
IaaS
PaaS
SaaS
Cloud
Computing
Inter-Cloud
Web
Data
IaaS
PaaS
SaaS
Recommend OCCI Platform as a Service
(PaaS) Specification
•
PaaS next big wave of cloud technology
•
It’s the next generation for enterprise workloads
•
Operating System really should not matter
•
black cloud computing
•
PaaS layer should be Operating System agnostic
•
Separating allows a set of heterogeneous systems to handle the workflow.
Performance/Efficiency/Cost based decisions on back-end instead of technical.
•
Major new choices available for open on-premise private clouds
•
OpenShift
• Backed by Red-Hat. Uses JBoss, Spring, etc.
•
Cloud Foundry
• Backed by VMware. Uses Tomcat, Spring, etc.
•
Jelastic
• Available for on-premise in near future – not fully open however.
•
Globus
• Open source private cloud PaaS. Globus World is next April in Chicago
•
Others: Cumulogic, DISA’s, Services, etc.
NIST Definition of PaaS: Platform as a Service (PaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages, libraries, services, and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly configuration settings for the application-hosting environment.
OCCI PaaS Standardization
Recommendations
•
Evaluate existing PaaS Products/Standards
•
Understand the impact to overall integration and interoperability.
•
Compare requirements/features with existing legacy or proprietary PaaS.
•
Apply use case approach to help evaluation each offering
•
Create a set of requirements based on this evaluation period
•
Engage open PaaS offerings to gain support from the get go
•
Contact OpenShift, Cloud-Foundry, others?
•
Involve Cloud Brokers, i.e.: CompatibleOne, Open Nebula, jCloud, Deltacloud
•
Focus on a standardized Architecture and APIs (REST Based)
•
Mark out key architecture components and needed interaction
•
Database Layer, Web Layer, Control/Management Layer, Load Balancer, provision/config
•
Interactions with IaaS for scalability
•
Incorporation of OCCI IaaS and CDMI
•
Document key interfaces for developers and create new OCCI PaaS
Specification
•
Consider these areas: Security/Identity, Data access, CRUD, Monitoring, Tenants of
distributed computing (inter-cloud scalability or bursting), Load balancer
PaaS Vision (work in progress)
•
Replace stove pipe architectures and proprietary use of APIs with one or more standardized PaaS
and Cloud APIs
• Common services (ReSTful APIs) for data storage and access, identity, logging/auditing, messaging, processing, monitoring, deployment, replication, SLA
• Use pattern based APIs/Tools in order to remain focus on application logic instead
• Do not keep re-inventing the platform (identity management, logging, database, management, etc)
• J2EE helped us through the last decade. PaaS binds scalable components together, similar to what Sun did with J2EE (EJB, JMS, JDBC, JSP, etc). PaaS supports multiple languages and web engines (Weblogic, glassfish, JBoss, Tomcat, Jetty, Nginx , node.js, etc)…however ideally using same REST APIs to ensure portability in a heterogeneous cloud environment (i.e. CouchDB).
• Engine and Operating System should not matter….black box cloud computing
•
Provide On-Demand scalability
• Automatic load balancing for web and data.
• Distributed data for speed and redundancy
• Built in replication/synchronization/caching, based on API which specifies data policy
•
Provide automated self-service for full life cycle
• Use cloud based repository development, test, and field
• Forge.mil: GIT, SVN, Maven, DISA CM
•
Cloud Oriented
• Runs on top of IaaS in production. Agnostic as to which IaaS.
• Use the cloud to test the cloud, monitor the cloud, etc.
•
Supporting Mobile end-user
• Data and apps accessible to mobile user (location transparency)
SaaS Applications, Software
PaaS
Application Infrastructure Web Server+Data Storage
IaaS
Hardware Infrastructure Servers, Raw Storage, Network
End Users/Customers
Developers
Data Center/Integrators
Cloud Technologies Compared
(work in progress)
Offering
Reference URL
Installable
On-Premise
Open
Source
Cloud Style
OpenShift https://openshift.redhat.com/app/ Yes Soon PaaS (backed by RedHat)
Cloud Foundry http://www.cloudfoundry.com/ Yes Yes PaaS (backed by VMware)
Stackato http://www.activestate.com/cloud Yes Yes PaaS (based on cloud foundry)
Cumulogic http://www.cumulogic.com Yes No PaaS
Jelastic http://www.jelastic.com Soon No PaaS
Apprenda http://apprenda.com/ Yes No PaaS (primarily .Net focused)
Appistry http://www.appistry.com/ Yes No PaaS –Hadoop Analytics RightScale http://www.rightscale.com/ No Management
Google App Engine http://code.google.com/appengine No. IaaS and PaaS SalesForce Force.com http://www.salesforce.com/ http://www.force.com/ No SaaS PaaS Microsoft Azure Services Platform
http://www.microsoft.com/windowsazure No. PaaS + DaaS + IaaS Amazon EC2, Amazon
S3, Amazon Beanstalk http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/ http://aws.amazon.com/s3/ http://aws.amazon.com/elasticbeanstalk/ No. IaaS DaaS PaaS Rackspace http://www.rackspace.com/ No IaaS
OpenStack http://www.openstack.org/ Yes IaaS and DaaS
CloudStack http://www.cloud.com/ Yes IaaS (backed by Citrix)
© 2012 Open Grid Forum
Generic Cloud PaaS Model
9
Proxy Load Balancer
Mashups (Distributed Observed State)
https (RESTful)
Management &
Se
curity
Perimeter Security
Source/App/VM
Repository
Scalable Platform
Distributed &
Indexed -
Synchronization
Memory
Cache
Node Data
Algorithms
PaaS Node
REST Web
Memory
Cache
Node Data
Algorithms
PaaS Node
REST Web
Consider: Open PaaS Offerings that include well known/used/documented/supported components Hadoop, HAProxy, Restlet, ProxyCA, Node.js, web server, etc.
Messages/Queue
Auto Deploy/Configure
Big Data & Storage
Survey: OpenShift PaaS
•
OpenShift is a PaaS backed by Red Hat since 2011
–
Languages: Java, Perl, PHP, Python, and Ruby
–
Application Services: SQLite, Apache HTTP, JBOSS,
Spring, built-in management layer
–
Open Sourced: Not yet (planned)
–
On-Premise: Future Offering
•
OpenShift Express
–
Free version, no auto-scaling. Good for developers
–
Hosting: Amazon initially
•
OpenShift Flex
–
Auto-scaling, performance monitoring, app management
–
Can autodeploy into OpenShift using tools like
http://www.jboss.org/arquillian
•
Web Site(s):
Survey: Cloud Foundry PaaS
•
Cloud Foundry is a PaaS backed by VMware since 2011
–
Languages: Java, .NET, Ruby, Scala, Node.js, PHP, Python
–
Application Services: RabbitMQ, vFabric PostgreSQL, MySQL,
MongoDB, Redis, Spring, Chef Configuration Management
–
Open Sourced: Yes
–
On-Premise: Yes
•
Cloud Foundry Open Source
–
CloudFondry.org is the open source site. Others, like VMware,
and Stackato build on it.
•
Micro Cloud Foundry
–
A VM which is available from VMware to run the PaaS
environment on your laptop. Alternatively, VMware is hosting a
free cloud for developers to experiment with.
•
Web Site(s):
–
http://www.cloudfoundry.com/
–
http://www.cloudfoundry.org/
Globus Toolkit (Potential PaaS)
globusWorld, April 10-12, 2012 at Argonne National Laboratory
http://globusworld.org/
Metacomputin g Directory Service GRAM Globus Security Interface Replica Catalog GASS GridFTPLocal
Services
LSF Condor MPI NQE PBS TCP AIX Linux UDPHigh-level Services and Tools
Cactus MPI globusrun PUNCH Nimrod/G Condor-G Grid Status I/O Solaris DRM
