Accessibility and simple language: experiences with automatic compliance tools

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Accessibility and simple language:

experiences with automatic compliance

tools

Dr. Carlos A Velasco

Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Information Technology FIT

http://www.fit.fraunhofer.de/

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Agenda



_{About us}



About our research



_{Readability and accessibility}



The Web then and now

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The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft



The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft

undertakes applied research

of direct utility to private

and public enterprise and of

wide benefit to society



Our Customers:



Industry



Service sector

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

_{60 Institutes}



More than

18,000 employees

München

Holzkirchen

Freiburg

Efringen-

Kirchen

Freising

Stuttgart

Pfinztal

Karlsruhe

Saarbrücken

St. Ingbert

Kaiserslautern

Darmstadt

Würzburg

Erlangen

Nürnberg

Ilmenau

Schkopau

Teltow

Oberhausen

Duisburg

Euskirchen

Aachen

St. Augustin

Schmallenberg

Dortmund

Potsdam

Berlin

Rostock

Lübeck

Itzehoe

Braunschweig

Hannover

Bremen

Bremerhaven

Jena

Leipzig

Chemnitz

Dresden

Cottbus

Magdeburg

Halle

Fürth

Wachtberg

Ettlingen

Kandern

Oldenburg

Freiberg

Paderborn

Kassel

Gießen

Erfurt

Augsburg

Oberpfaffenhofen

Garching

Straubing

Bayreuth

Bronnbach

Prien

Hamburg

The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft

in Germany

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Fraunhofer FIT



Investigates

human-centered computing in a

business or engineering

process context



More than 100 scientists:

Engineering, Computer

Science, Medicine,

Psychology, Business

Administration, etc.

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Fraunhofer FIT: research areas



_{Cooperation Systems}



User-centered

Computing



Web Compliance

Center



Process Management



Life Science

Informatics

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Web Compliance Center (WebCC)



_{Interdisciplinary team:}



Computer science



Engineering



Pedagogics



Linguistics

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WebCC work areas



Web Compliance Engineering for Web (2.0) applications,

including Mobile Web



Technical implementation



User studies



Accessibility



SEO



…



Development and commercialization of software tools (imergo®)



Consultancy and training: industry and public sector



Participation to international standards & recommendation bodies

(W3C)

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Agenda



_{About us}



About our research



_{Readability and accessibility}



The Web then and now

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Research on Web testing



_{BenToWeb - Benchmarking Tools and Methods}

for the Web:

http://bentoweb.org/



IST Programme (FP6): 2004 – 2007



Objectives:



Support EARL



Support WCAG 2.0 techniques and test-suites



Feasibility of automatic testing procedures for: colour-contrast,

low-vision, colour-blindness, navigation consistency

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BenToWeb: DeLite test tool



_{Developed by FU Hagen}



http://pi7.fernuni-hagen.de/forschung/bentoweb/index.html



Validated with end users

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Research on Web testing



_{I2Web - Inclusive Future-Internet Web Services:}

http://i2web.eu/



ICT Programme (FP7): 2010 – 2013



Objectives:



Develop application Meta-models and abstractions



Extend existing Mobile Device models to cope with: standard

desktops, consumer electronics, …



Develop user models based on an analysis of user requirements for

disabled and older people

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imergo®:

http://imergo.com/

or

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imergo® Web Compliance Manager



_Compliance

Framework



_{Addressing the needs}

of industry and public

sector portals



Testing content,

protocols, SEO, ...

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Agenda



_{About us}



About our research



_{Readability and accessibility}



The Web then and now

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Measuring readability (I)



_{Readability ~ Simple language (for us)}



Linguistic phenomena that influence

comprehension



Morphology and lexicon – the word level



Syntax – the sentence level

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Measuring readability (II)



_{Flesch's Reading Ease Score (en-US!)}



number between 0 (for very difficult) to 100 (for

very easy)



average sentence length (ASL)



average number of syllables per word (ASW)



Score = 206.835 – (1.015 * ASL) – (84.6 * ASW)

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Measuring readability (III)



Style recommendations for readable texts



http://www.plainlanguage.gov/



http://www.plainlanguagenetwork.org/



…



Controlled vocabularies



CFE - Caterpillar Fundamental English



ScaniaSwedish



Siemens-Dokumentations-Deutsch (SDD)

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Boeing Simplified English Checker (BSEC)



…

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Simple language (accessibility) ... the

history



_{Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0}



Guideline 14. Ensure that documents are clear and

simple.



… so they may be more easily understood.



Checkpoints:

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14.1 Use the clearest and simplest language appropriate for a site's

content. [Priority 1]

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14.2 Supplement text with graphic or auditory presentations

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Simple language (accessibility) ... the

history (II)

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Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0



Guideline 3.1 Readable: Make text content readable and

understandable.



3.1.1 Language of Page: The default human language of each Web

page can be programmatically determined. (Level A)



3.1.2 Language of Parts: The human language of each passage or

phrase in the content can be programmatically determined except for

proper names, technical terms, words of indeterminate language, and

words or phrases that have become part of the vernacular of the

immediately surrounding text. (Level AA)



3.1.3 Unusual Words: A mechanism is available for identifying specific

definitions of words or phrases used in an unusual or restricted way,

including idioms and jargon. (Level AAA)

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Simple language (accessibility) ... the

history (III)



Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0



Guideline 3.1 Readable: Make text content readable and

understandable.



3.1.4 Abbreviations: A mechanism for identifying the expanded form

or meaning of abbreviations is available. (Level AAA)



3.1.5 Reading Level: When text requires reading ability more advanced

than the lower secondary education level after removal of proper

names and titles, supplemental content, or a version that does not

require reading ability more advanced than the lower secondary

education level, is available. (Level AAA)



3.1.6 Pronunciation: A mechanism is available for identifying specific

pronunciation of words where meaning of the words, in context, is

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Simple language (accessibility) ... the

history (IV)



Barrierefreie Informationstechnik-Verordnung 2.0

(BITV 2.0)



Hauptunterschied zu BITV 1.0 - auf Homepage

von Internet- und Intranetangeboten müssen in

Leichter Sprache sowie Gebärdensprache

angeboten werden:



Informationen zum Inhalt (z.B. über die Behörde, Anlaufstellen)



Hinweise zur Navigation (Navigationsprinzipien)



Verweise auf weitere Informationen, die in Leichter Sprache oder

Gebärdensprache vorliegen

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WCAG 2.0



_{Lower secondary education level}



the two or three year period of education that

begins after completion of six years of school and

ends nine years after the beginning of primary

education

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WCAG 2.0: Sufficient Techniques for 3.1.5



G86: Providing a text summary that requires reading

ability less advanced than the upper secondary

education level



G103: Providing visual illustrations, pictures, and

symbols to help explain ideas, events, and processes



G79: Providing a spoken version of the text

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G153: Making the text easier to read

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G160: Providing sign language versions of information,

ideas, and processes that must be understood in order

to use the content

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Agenda



_{About us}



About our research



_{Readability and accessibility}



The Web then and now

(28)

(29)

(30)

Agenda



_{About us}



About our research



_{Readability and accessibility}



The Web then and now

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