REAL TIME BUS TRACKING SYSTEM
MUHAMMAD ADDEIB BIN MOHD SUBARI
BACHELOR OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
(SOFTWARE ENGNEERING)
SUPERVISOR’S DECLARATION
I hereby declare that I have checked this thesis and, in my opinion, this thesis is adequate in terms of scope and quality for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Computer Science (Software Engineering) with Honors.
_______________________________ (Supervisor’s Signature)
Full Name : DR. ADZHAR BIN KAMALUDIN
Position : SENIOR LECTURER
Date : 8 JANUARY 2019 _______________________________ (Co-supervisor’s Signature) Full Name : Position : Date :
STUDENT’S DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work in this thesis is based on my original work except for quotations and citations which have been duly acknowledged. I also declare that it has not been previously or concurrently submitted for any other degree at Universiti Malaysia Pahang or any other institutions.
_______________________________ (Student’s Signature)
Full Name : MUHAMMAD ADDEIB BIN MOHD SUBARI
ID Number : CB15133
REAL TIME BUS TRACKING SYSTEM
MUHAMMAD ADDEIB BIN MOHD SUBARI
Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Computer Science (Software Engineering)
Faculty of Computer System & Software Engineering UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all, I want to thank God for giving me knowledge and health to complete the journey of this project. Besides, this project will not be able to complete without the help and support of all lecturers and individuals.
I would like to thanks my supervisor, Dr. Adzhar Bin Kamaludin for the guidance and the knowledge I have given to complete this project. This project will not be complete without his help in terms of information. In addition, I would like to thanks my friends for helping me.
Next, I am very grateful to my family members for giving providing motivation and moral support during the making of this project. Lastly, I would like to thanks all lecturers at FSKKP who always give their support and advice.
iii ABSTRAK
Rapid Kuantan adalah jenama bas milik Prasarana Malaysia Berhad untuk menjalankan perkhidmatan bas di Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Apabila menaiki bas, orang ramai ingin tahu masa ketibaan mereka kerana kadang-kadang jadual bas tidak mempunyai kebolehpercayaan dari segi ketepatan masa. Salah satu masalah utama ialah pengguna bas tidak mengetahui masa sebenar bas ketibaan. Pengurusan bas hanya menyediakan jadual waktu bas untuk pengguna. Pengguna bas perlu keluar sebelum perhentian bas untuk menunggu bas. Ini kerana mereka tidak mahu ketinggalan bas yang mereka targetkan pada jadual waktu bas. Kadang-kadang, pengguna bas perlu menunggu terlalu lama untuk bas ketibaan kerana mereka tidak tahu masa yang tepat bas akan tiba dan ketika mereka ingin mengejar masa untuk alasan tertentu mereka akan menjadi marah. Dengan membazirkan banyak masa menunggu bas, masa itu sebenarnya boleh melakukan sesuatu yang bermanfaat. Objektif utama adalah menerapkan teknologi pengesanan GPS ke dalam sistem pengangkutan bas. Ini adalah untuk mencadangkan kepada admin bas untuk memasang aplikasi Sistem Penjejakan Bas yang dapat menjejaki kedudukan sebenar bas. Seterusnya, aplikasi ini akan menghantar data kedudukan bas ke pangkalan data dan data akan dipaparkan sebagai ikon bas bergerak di peta. Objektif seterusnya adalah untuk menyediakan lokasi sebenar bas yang berfungsi bergerak. Lokasi yang tepat akan membantu pengguna menguruskan masa mereka kerana tidak menunggu terlalu lama untuk bas. Sistem Penjejakan Bas Masa Sebenar telah dibangunkan dengan menggunakan kaedah Rapid Application Development (RAD). Ini kerana kaedah ini boleh membuat proses pembangunan pesat. Permohonan ini akan digunakan oleh ramai orang pada masa akan datang. Manfaat aplikasi ini dapat mengurangkan masa menunggu bas dan membantu orang untuk menetapkan waktu apa yang mereka akan tiba di destinasi.
ABSTRACT
Rapid Kuantan is a bus brand owned by Prasarana Malaysia Berhad to conduct bus services in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. When travelling in buses, public want to know their exact arrival time because sometimes the bus schedule does not have the reliability in terms of punctuality. One of the main problems is the bus’s user did not know the exact time of the arrival bus. Bus management only provide bus’s timetable for the user. The bus’s user needs to go out earlier to the bus stop to wait for the bus. This is because they did not want to miss the bus that they target at the bus’s timetable. Sometimes, the bus’s user needs to wait for too long for the arrival bus because they did not know the exact time the bus will arrive and when they want to chasing time for the certain reason they will become angry. By wasting a lot of time waiting for the bus, that time actually can do something else beneficially. The main objective is to apply GPS tracking technology into bus transportation system. This is to propose to the bus admin to install the Bus Tracking System application that able to track the actual position of the bus. Next, this application will be sending position data of the bus to database and the data will be display as moving bus icon on the map. Next objective is to provide the exact location of the moving working bus. The exact location will help user to manage their time for not waiting too long for the bus. Real Time Bus Tracking System was developing by using Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology. It is because this method can make rapid development process. This application will be used by many people in the future. The benefits of this application are it can reduce bus waiting time and help people to set what time they will arrive at destination.
v TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION TITLE PAGE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRAK iii ABSTRACT iv TABLE OF CONTENT v
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 11 1.1 INTRODUCTION 11 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT 11 1.3 OBJECTIVE 12 1.4 SCOPE 12 1.5 THESIS ORGANIZATION 12
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 13
2.1 INTRODUCTION 13
2.2 STUDIES ON EXISTING SYSTEMS 13
2.2.1 Bus Tracking System by Asia Pacific University (APU) 14
2.2.2 Bus Tracking System by Northern Illinois University (NIU) 16
2.3 COMPARISON ON EXISTING SYSTEM 20
2.4 STUDIES ON TECHNOLOGY INVOLVED 21
2.4.1 Global Positioning System (GPS) 21
2.4.2 Hybrid Application 21
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 23
3.1 INTRODUCTION 23
3.2 RAPID APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT (RAD) 24
3.2.1 Context Diagram 27
3.2.2 Use Case Diagram 28
3.2.3 Dialog Diagram 29
3.2.4 Software Requirement Specification (SRS) 30
3.2.5 Software Design Document (SDD) 30
3.3 HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT 30
3.3.1 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT 30
3.3.2 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT 31
3.4 GANTT CHART 32
3.5 CONCLUSION 32
CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 33
4.1 INTRODUCTION 33 4.2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 33 4.3 IMPLEMENTING REQUIREMENTS 37 4.4 TESTING 39 4.5 USER MANUAL 39 4.6 CONCLUSION 39
vii CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 40 5.1 INTRODUCTION 40 5.2 CONSTRAINT 40 5.3 FUTURE WORK 41 REFERENCES 42
APPENDIX A GANTT CHART 43
APPENDIX B SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION (SRS) 44
APPENDIX C SOFTWARE DESIGN DOCUMENT (SDD) 45
APPENDIX D USER ACCEPTANCE TEST (UAT) 46
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1 Comparison of existing system 20
Table 2.2 Comparison between native app, mobile well app and hybrid app 22
Table 3.1 Hardware Requirement 30
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1 Screenshot for APU Road map bus tracking system 14
Figure 2-2 Screenshot for APU Satellite imagenary bus tracking system 14
Figure 2-3 Screenshot for Route 7 in NIU bus tracking system 16
Figure 2-4 Screenshot for Route 11 in NIU bus tracking system 16
Figure 2-5 Screenshot for Rice University bus tracking system – Route Inner
Loop 18
Figure 2-6 Screenshot for Rice University bus tracking system – Route Greater
Loop 18
Figure 3-1 Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model 25
Figure 3-2 Context Diagram for Real Time Bus Tracking System 27
Figure 3-3 Use Case Diagram for Real Time Bus Tracking System 28
Figure 3-4 Dialog Diagram for Real Time Bus Tracking System 29
Figure 4-1 Figure 4-2 Figure 4-3 34
Figure 4-4 Figure 4-5 34
Figure 4-6 Figure 4-7 35
Figure 4-8 Figure 4-9 36
Figure 4-10 Figure 4-11 36
Figure 4-12 Registration page in Android Studio Coding 37
Figure 4-13 Data in Firebase Database 38
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ABBREVATION TITLE
API APP
Application Programming Interface Application
APU Asia Pacific University
GPS Global Positioning System
IDE Integrated Development Environment
NIU Northern Illinois University
RAD Rapid Application Development
RFID Radio Frequency Identification
RTBTS Real Time Bus Tracking System
SDD Software Design Document
SDLC Software Development Life Cycle
SRS Software Requirement Specification
11 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Rapid Kuantan is a bus services owned by Prasarana Malaysia Berhad to conduct bus services in Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. Rapid Kuantan was launched on 1 December 2012.(MyRapid, 2012).
When travelling in buses, public want to know their exact arrival time because sometimes the bus schedule does not have the reliability in terms of punctuality. Thus, the bus arrival information system is a service that aim to provide a friendlier bus service. This project has been proposing to develop a prototype application for public to track the position of the bus by installing the application that been develop through out of this project. This application is able to receive and send GPS data, and bus distance.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
There is no easy way for travellers to check the location of buses in real time. Bus travellers want to know the bus’s accurate arrival times because they tend to maximize their personal time to wait for the bus. Peoples usually go to the bus stop early to wait for the bus. Although the bus timetable is available for free on the Web, bus operators often do not follow, and another factor have been proved that the schedule provides limited information to the public. The peoples will disappoint when their miss a bus trip before, and the next bus service will cause them late for their arrangement. A long wait at the bus stop can make people angry and will make them unwilling to take the bus for the next day. In the end, they decide to use their own transport to go to other places, which resulted in increased traffic jam.
One of the main problems is the bus’s user did not know the exact time of the arrival bus. Bus management only provide bus’s timetable for the user. The bus’s user needs to go out earlier to the bus stop to wait for the bus. This is because they did not want to miss the bus that they target at the bus’s timetable. Sometimes, the user needs to wait for too long for the arrival bus because they did not know the exact time the bus will arrive and when they want to chasing time for the certain reason, they will become angry. By wasting a lot of time waiting for the bus, that time actually can do something else beneficially.
1.3 OBJECTIVE
The aim of this project is to develop an application what able to track the location of the bus by using GPS technology. In order to achieve this aim, the following objectives are listed:
i. To study how GPS can connect with application
ii. To design and implement the real time application that can track bus
location.
iii. To test the proposed application in term of functionality.
1.4 SCOPE
The scope of this project is limited on bus trip number 100. GPS will be use as main technology in this project. The position of the bus is based on real time database. 1.5 THESIS ORGANIZATION
This thesis consists of five (5) chapters. Chapter 1 shall discuss about the introduction of the project. Chapter 2 would be Literature Review that discuss about the comparison with the other project that already exist and the compared technology used. Following by Chapter 3, Methodology shall discuss about methodology of the project. Chapter 4 will discuss about the implementation on develop this project. Also, testing will be performed in this chapter too. For the last Chapter is Conclusion for this project that will provides the summary of the report for this project.
13 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 INTRODUCTION
There are many bus transportation services in every country, but many of them are lack of management system. In these days, majority of bus services are not performing the real time bus tracking system. This is because they only provide scheduled timetable to follow which are not accurate in real time. By having the GPS tracking system, it will describe the location of the current bus.
However, some countries have already succeeded in implemented the real time bus tracking system. There are many universities in oversea country that already implemented the bus tracking system for their shuttle bus service.
2.2 STUDIES ON EXISTING SYSTEMS
There are many existing bus tracking systems implemented by other universities. The university that already implemented this bus tracking system are Rice University, Northern Illinois University (NIU) and Asia Pacific University (APU) (LOONG, 2013).
REFERENCES
Etaspot. (2012). niupublic.etaspot.net. Retrieved from http://niupublic.etaspot.net/
eVideoTuition. (2014). Native Apps versus Web-Apps und mobile Webapplikationen. Apps mit PhoneGap entwickeln, 8. Retrieved from
https://www.slideshare.net/videotuition/mobile-application-landscape-native-hybrid-mobile-web-apps-introduction-comparison
Leick, A., Rapoport, L., & Tatarnikov, D. (2015). GPS satellite surveying: John Wiley & Sons.
LOONG, C. C. (2013). BUS TRACKING SYSTEM. Retrieved from http://eprints.utar.edu.my/1178/1/IA-2013-1100590.pdf
MyRapid. (2012). MyRapid Your Public Transport Portal. Retrieved from https://www.myrapid.com.my/corporate-information/who-we-are
Point, T. (2017). SDLC RAD Model. Retrieved from www.tutorialspoint.com
Powell-Morse, A. (2016). What Is Rapid Application Development (RAD) and How Do
You Use It? Retrieved from
https://airbrake.io/blog/sdlc/rapid-application-development
