Indian Streams Research Journal

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

ISSN No : 2230-7850

International Multidisciplinary

Research Journal

Indian Streams

Research Journal

Executive Editor

Ashok Yakkaldevi

Editor-in-Chief

H.N.Jagtap

Mohammad Hailat

Dept. of Mathematical Sciences, University of South Carolina Aiken Abdullah Sabbagh

Engineering Studies, Sydney Ecaterina Patrascu

Spiru Haret University, Bucharest Loredana Bosca

Spiru Haret University, Romania Fabricio Moraes de Almeida

Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil George - Calin SERITAN

Faculty of Philosophy and Socio-Political Sciences Al. I. Cuza University, Iasi

Hasan Baktir

English Language and Literature Department, Kayseri

Ghayoor Abbas Chotana

Dept of Chemistry, Lahore University of Management Sciences[PK]

Anna Maria Constantinovici AL. I. Cuza University, Romania Ilie Pintea,

Spiru Haret University, Romania Xiaohua Yang

PhD, USA

...More Flávio de São Pedro Filho

Federal University of Rondonia, Brazil Kamani Perera

Regional Center For Strategic Studies, Sri Lanka

Janaki Sinnasamy

Librarian, University of Malaya Romona Mihaila

Spiru Haret University, Romania Delia Serbescu

Spiru Haret University, Bucharest, Romania

Anurag Misra DBS College, Kanpur

Titus PopPhD, Partium Christian University, Oradea,Romania

Pratap Vyamktrao Naikwade

ASP College Devrukh,Ratnagiri,MS India R. R. Patil

Head Geology Department Solapur University,Solapur

Rama Bhosale

Prin. and Jt. Director Higher Education, Panvel

Salve R. N.

Department of Sociology, Shivaji University,Kolhapur

Govind P. Shinde

Bharati Vidyapeeth School of Distance Education Center, Navi Mumbai Chakane Sanjay Dnyaneshwar Arts, Science & Commerce College, Indapur, Pune

Awadhesh Kumar Shirotriya

Secretary,Play India Play,Meerut(U.P.)

Iresh Swami

Ex - VC. Solapur University, Solapur N.S. Dhaygude

Ex. Prin. Dayanand College, Solapur Narendra Kadu

Jt. Director Higher Education, Pune K. M. Bhandarkar

Praful Patel College of Education, Gondia Sonal Singh

Vikram University, Ujjain G. P. Patankar

S. D. M. Degree College, Honavar, Karnataka Maj. S. Bakhtiar Choudhary

Director,Hyderabad AP India. S.Parvathi Devi

Ph.D.-University of Allahabad Sonal Singh,

Vikram University, Ujjain

Rajendra Shendge

Director, B.C.U.D. Solapur University, Solapur

R. R. Yalikar

Director Managment Institute, Solapur Umesh Rajderkar

Head Humanities & Social Science YCMOU,Nashik

S. R. Pandya

Head Education Dept. Mumbai University, Mumbai

Alka Darshan Shrivastava

Shaskiya Snatkottar Mahavidyalaya, Dhar Rahul Shriram Sudke

Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore S.KANNAN

Annamalai University,TN Satish Kumar Kalhotra

Maulana Azad National Urdu University

Editorial Board

International Advisory Board

Welcome to ISRJ

ISSN No.2230-7850 Indian Streams Research Journal is a multidisciplinary research journal, published monthly in English, Hindi & Marathi Language. All research papers submitted to the journal will be double - blind peer reviewed referred by members of the editorial board.Readers will include investigator in universities, research institutes government and industry with research interest in the general subjects.

RNI MAHMUL/2011/38595

Address:-Ashok Yakkaldevi 258/34, Raviwar Peth, Solapur - 413 005 Maharashtra, India Cell : 9595 359 435, Ph No: 02172372010 Email: [email protected] Website: www.isrj.org

Indian Streams Research Journal Impact Factor : 3.1560(UIF)

ISSN 2230-7850 Volume - 5 | Issue - 9 | Oct - 2015

“A STUDY OF NETWORKING AND TOPOLOGY”

Ujwala Gyanoji Maske

Assistant Professor, Department of Management Science, V. S. S. College, Jalna , Maharashtra.

ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS INTRODUCTION:

REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

Amin Vahdat, Ken Yocum, Kevin Walsh, Priya Mahadevan, Dejan Kosti´c, Jeff Chase, and David Becker:

Santanu Santra1 , Pinaki Pratim Acharjya2 (2013): The large-scale networking nature of the Internet and how to account for it adequately when studying core internet issues such as topology, routing, traffic, performance, and control. One approach is to use a combination of large-scale network measurement infrastructures and large-scale network simulation engines. A central problem in faithfully simulating large-scale networks is that packet-level descriptions scale poorly.

:Networking , Topology , The large-scale networking nature , environment.

The network is made up of hardware and software components, the hardware consist of network interface card in all the machines and the cable that tie them together.

the present study relates with “Scalability and Accuracy in a Large-Scale Network Emulator” the study suggested that Ideally, an environment for evaluating large-scale distributed services should support: i) unmodified applications, ii) reproducible results, iii) experimentation under a broad range of network topologies and dynamically changing network characteristics, and iv) large-scale experiments with thousands of participating nodes and gigabits of aggregate cross traffic. In this paper, we present the design and evaluation of ModelNet, a large-scale network emulation environment designed to meet these goals.

The study relates with “A Study And Analysis on Computer Network Topology For Data Communication” the present study represents the performance of different kinds of topologies is considered and studied. Description of some inherent advantages and disadvantages computer network topologies to any system under study also has been described in this paper. This paper has provided some knowledge of analysis approaches for dealing with network topology related

“A STUDY OF NETWORKING AND TOPOLOGY”

problems. The techniques covered in this discussion can be adapted to related computer network applications. This research work can also be extended further.

The study related to “Network Topology Availability Analysis” In this paper the availabilities of some network topologies are analyzed and calculated. Software based on exact All-terminal Graph reduction Algorithm is developed and applied. Results, conclusions and solutions are presented, demonstrated and discussed.

The present research article is mostly depends on secondary sources of data, which is collected by the research from various books, research journals, research articles and various official websites.

Following are the objectives have been made for the current study: 1.To know the Large Scale Networking Nature

2.To Study the History of Large Scale Networking 3.To understand Mobile Networking

4.To Study the Generations of Large Scale Networking 5.To Know the Types of Mobile Social Networks and Models 6.To Study the Advantages of Network

In business having a number of computer system dispersed in organizational units both within and outside countries depending on the business. Computer networks mean a collection of autonomous computers interconnected by a single technology. In short the two computers are interconnected each other and share the information.

The numbers of computers are connected to each other through the data communication system in that computer microprocessor minicomputers medium scale computer and also the large scale computers are present. In networks can have its own processing capabilities and can also share computer hardware programs software and data files.

The internet is internally connected to the persons or people . in business recognized how much money they could save and how much productivity they could gain by using networking technology. They started adding networks and expanding existing networks almost as rapidly as new network technologies and products were introduced at that time in 1980 the tremendous expansion in net workings

In studies of the networks of citations between scientific papers, Derek de Solla Price showed in 1965 that the number of links to papers—i.e., the number of citations they receive—had a heavy-tailed distribution. He did not however use the term "scale-free network", which was not coined until some decades later. In a later paper in 1976, Price also proposed a mechanism to explain the occurrence of power laws in citation networks, which he called "cumulative advantage" but which is today more commonly known under the name preferential attachment.

Recent interest in scale-free networks started in 1999 with work by Albert-László Barabási and colleagues at the University of Notre Dame who mapped the topology of a portion of the World Wide Web, finding that some nodes, which they called "hubs", had many more connections than others and Milan Cabarkapa, Djordje Mijatovic, and Nenad Krajnovic (2011):

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

HISTORY:

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that the network as a whole had a power-law distribution of the number of links connecting to a node.

Mobile social networking is social networking where individuals with similar interests converse and connect with one another through their mobile phone . Much like web-based social networking, mobile social networking occurs in virtual communities. A current trend for social networking websites, such as Face book is to create mobile apps to give their users instant and real-time access from their device. More and more, the line between mobile and web is being blurred as mobile apps use existing social networks to create native communities and promote discovery, and web-based social networks take advantage of mobile features and accessibility. As mobile web evolved from proprietary mobile technologies and networks, to full mobile access to the Internet, the distinction changed to the following types:

1) Web based social networks being extended for mobile access through mobile browsers and smart phone apps.

2) Native mobile social networks with dedicated focus on mobile use like mobile communication, location-based services, and augmented reality, requiring mobile devices and technology.

The evolution of social networking on mobile networks started in 1999 with basic chatting and texting services. With the introduction of various technologies in mobile networks, social networking has reached to an advance level over four generations.

First generation began in 1999 or early 2000. Technologies used in this generation are application based, pre-installed on mobile handsets. Features such as text only chat via chat rooms.

Second generation began in 2004 through 2006. Introduction of 3G and camera phones added many features such as uploading photos, mobile search for person based on profile, contact with person anonymously etc. The applications are mostly useful for dating purpose. The services of this generation mobile social networks can be used by pay as you go or subscription to service.

The experiments for this generation mobile social networks started in 2006. It was adopted widely in 2008/2009. This generation brought tremendous changes and made mobile social networks as a part of daily life. The features include richer user experience, automatic publishing to web profile and status updates. Technologies for WAP 2.0, Java on the server, MMS, voice capture etc. Applications introduced were customized with general interests such as music, mobile specific content distribution. The services in this generation can be used by plans such as pay as you go; subscription based still popular networks gain scale to become content distribution platform.

Fourth generation began in 2008 and reached in 2010.All the features in third generation are advanced in this generation of social mobile networks. The features of this generation include the features of third generation, ability to hide/ mask presence, asynchronous video conversation, multi MOBILE NETWORKING:

First Generation:

Second Generation:

Third Generation:

Fourth Generation:

point audio chat conversation with one button, multiplayer mobile gaming etc. Technologies which made these features possible are web 2.0 widgets, Flash lite, open social, open handset alliance. The business model of previous generation continued along with virtual currency –purchase and trade of virtual goods.

1] Companies that partner with wireless phone carriers to distribute their communities via the default start pages on mobile phone browsers.

2] Companies that do not have such carrier relationship and rely on other methods to attract users.

Mobile social networking sites allow users to create a profile, send and receive messages through phone or computer and visit an on-line version of mobile site. There are different models which were displayed by different networking sites. Most of these sites have many features in unique feature or special function that other sites don’t share, but the main function of the site is exactly the same as other services. All these sites are categorized according to the following business models.

This model focuses on ability to send short, text based messages to a large group of people simultaneously. It can be by SMS. This category enables messages reach right people as quickly as possible.

This model relies on geotaxis to provide location information about users and content. This allows users to tag particular locations with images and other information. These tags can be accessible by the users which are mapped on world map. Some of the sites in this category enable to receive alerts when the user passes by the location in which somebody was tagged in. Some location-aware applications function more like radar. They take advantage of growing interest in location-based services by keeping track of all the contacts. This allows knowing people who are nearest to the user. A lot of these sites also allow you to check if there’s anyone near a particular venue or location, and some of them will actively alert you if any of your contacts comes within a certain distance.

The sites using this try to use on-line social networking sites as closely as possible. Many of these sites use mobile portals of already existing and successful sites such as Facebook. They offer vast number of functions including multimedia posts, photo sharing instant messaging etc. Most of these sites offer inexpensive international calling and texting facilities.

This model can be viewed as an advanced version of the Group Text category. Instead of text messages, audio and video files are transmitted among the group, or, as in the case of Instagram and its competitors, shared to the public. Most of them store media content online for easy storage and access.

Types of Mobile Social Networks:

Models: 1. Group Text: 2. Location-Aware: 3. Social Network: 4. Media Share:

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5. Social Gaming:

Safety Issues in Mobile Social Networks:

Network Security:

Network Security Concepts:

Security Management:

Advantages of Network:

1 Multi-User Computing Environment:

2. Centralized Network Distributed Network:

This model is about connecting people through both multi-player games and competitive single-player games. Mobile devices are always increasing their capacity for graphics performance and computing power, making them capable gaming devices.The leader in this category is Zynga, creators of Farmville and Words with Friends, though it has suffered a decline.

Safety issues in mobile social networks are concerned about the condition of being protected against different types of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other non-desirable event, while mobile carriers contact each other in mobile environments.

'Network security consists of the different types of authorized access and also the misuse and modification of the computer network and network resources, this Network security controlled by the network administrator. Users choose or are assigned an ID and password or other authenticating information that allows them access to information and programs within their authority. Network security covers a variety of computer networks, both public and private, that are used in everyday jobs; conducting transactions and communications among businesses, government agencies and individuals. Networks can be private, such as within a company, and others which might be open to public access.

Network security starts with authenticating, commonly with a username and a password. Since this requires just one detail authenticating the user name i.e., the password this is sometimes termed one-factor authentication. In that two different authentication are present like security token and ATM card and also the fingerprint. In network some harmful content are present like worms in that worms remove through the antivirus software.

Security management for networks is different for all kinds of situations. A home or small office may only require basic security while large businesses may require high-maintenance and advanced software and hardware to prevent malicious attacks from hacking and spamming.

Network having following advantages over single user computer system.

Sharing of resources and database to improve performance and quality of the system it provides multiuser computer environment

Higher powerful computer such as mini or mainframe computers available to provide multiuser facility to this central machine various terminal are connected users used to work this central machine through these terminals such a network known as centralized network.

3. Price Factor:

4. Familiar Environment:

5. Simultaneously Access:

6. Shared Peripheral Devices:

7. Personal Communication: 8. Easier Backup: 9. Transmission Speed: Network Topology: 1. Bus Topology: 2. Mesh Topology:

Higher computer initial investment is too large as compare to LAN .LAN are very easy to install and easy to operate compare to minicomputer.

Users all ready working with single user micro computers having windows. Environment can easily works with minimum training where as it required and a large control training to work with minicomputer.

A nosiness computing multiple employes is using computer often need access to send data at the same time if employes keep separate copy of data on different computers updating data become very difficult.

It is not very cost effective for each user to have an independent peripheral device especially expensive one such as laser printer scanner. Shairing such devices on network make cost much less.

Single user computer system exchange of information and data is very difficult data can be transferred from one machine to another by using floppy cd.

In many business data is extremely valuable with single user computer system if any machine fail the important data of business will loss.

In case of minicomputer transmission speed is 9600kbps in case of LAN transmission speed is in the range of 2.6mbps.

There are different topologies in which computers can be connected to one another over networks. The different topologies are present in the network like BUS, MESH, RING and STAR.

In bus topology all nodes are connected using a single communication through interface units and cable tab.Messages are broadband along whole cable to recognize its own address only that node receive the messages which address available along with message.

Bus topology having a some advantages like a it is a short cable length and simple wiring lay out also the simple architecture and easy to expand.

The different disadvantages also present in that bus topology like fault diagnosis is difficult, repeater configuration.

Mesh is a network topology in which devices are connected with many interconnection

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between network node in a true mesh topology every node has a connection to every other connection in the network.

In that mesh topology the full mesh topology and partial topology are present. Mesh topology connected to the different node each other and pass the data from one to other its main advantages is the arrangement of node is such that it is possible to transmit data from one node to many node. But the arrangement of each and every network node is connected to each and every other node of the network create a problem for implementation of cables and it is having a large cost for the cable it’s a disadvantage of mesh topology.

Ring topology is also known as loop topology in which each node is connected to its only two adjutant neighboring node data accepted from one node and transmitted on works to another data travels in only one direction all nodes connected forming a ring using connecting point.

Its having some advantages like short cable length, suitable for optical fiber no wiring closet space required but it also disadvantages like node failure causes network failure , difficult to dingoes fault, affect the access protocol and network reconfiguration is difficult.

In that topology the hub is used the hub means the center computer or the files server are present these computer is connected to the different computer. All communication in the network has to essential to pass through the central computer with acts as the control center. This means that when messages is going to one computer to another it send to server which then transmit the messages to its destination.

This topology is easy of service because of the number of connection point at the center server , also its one device per connection means that the failuare of single connection does not disturb network it can be easily remove and centralized control in that the any problem is detected and also its main advantages is simple access protocol.

But in star topology the long cable length are used because each node is directly connected to center node and also the central node dependency means the fails entire network it’s the disadvantages of star topology.

1.Amin Vahdat, Ken Yocum, Kevin Walsh, Priya Mahadevan, Dejan Kosti´c, Jeff Chase, and David Becker “Scalability and Accuracy in a Large-Scale Network Emulator”

2.Santanu Santra1 , Pinaki Pratim Acharjya2 (2013): “A Study And Analysis on Computer Network Topology For Data Communication” International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering Website Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2013)

3. Milan Cabarkapa, Djordje Mijatovic, and Nenad Krajnovic (2011): “Network Topology Availability Analysis”, Telfor Journal, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2011. P. P. No. 23-27

4.https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=6&cad=rja&uact=8&ved= 0CFUQFjAFahUKEwjjvsf6l5TIAhVScI4KHf5IBtI&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcommunity.jisc.ac.uk%2Flibrary %2Fadvisory-services%2Fmobile-networking-1g-4g&usg=AFQjCNFsuRbe1YnsailxOQAbR0kWYl31xw 5. www.google.co.in

6. data Center Networking | Extreme Networks 7. www.extremenetworks.com

3. Ring Topology:

4. Star Topology:

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

8. Mobile networking: 1G to 4G | Jisc community 9. Network security - Google Search

10. www.google.co.in

11. Network security - Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaen.wikipedia.org

12. Large-Scale Communication Networks: Topology, Routing, Traffic, and Control 13. www.ipam.ucla.ed

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