Drilling Rig Selection

(1)

GUIDELINES

(2)

DRILLING RIGS

DRILLING RIGS--GeneralGeneral

Selection of Land drilling rig should be based on planed depth a

Selection of Land drilling rig should be based on planed depth and well construction in the long term drilling activities. nd well construction in the long term drilling activities. More important is to decide area of activity.

More important is to decide area of activity.

Nort Africa, Middle east and partlly Caspian region

Nort Africa, Middle east and partlly Caspian region: Majority of drilling contracts (activities) are related with : Majority of drilling contracts (activities) are related with

drilling wells depth range 3000 to 4500m (dominantlly deeper the

drilling wells depth range 3000 to 4500m (dominantlly deeper then 3900m).n 3900m).

Caspian region:

Caspian region: Still have great activities at depth range up to 3600m.

This fact determine drilling rig type selection. If rig is planed to work depth range up to 3600m then is prefferable to select mobile, telescopic drilling rig rated up to 1000 HP.

Drilling rig name is dictated bu name of Drawworks

.

Rig depth rating is determined by:

1.

1. Draworks capacityDraworks capacity 2.

2. Mast capacityMast capacity 3.

3. Crown block and travelling block capacityCrown block and travelling block capacity 4.

4. Drilling line size and pulling forceDrilling line size and pulling force

Some drawworks producer with number part of draworks name denote

Some drawworks producer with number part of draworks name denotes year of constructing, other most of them gives s year of constructing, other most of them gives rated capacity of draworks.

(3)

DRILLING RIGS

Advantage:

Advantage: 

 Smaller investment at startSmaller investment at start 

 Faster moving Less truck loads Less area for well site Smaller waste pit

Less number of drilling crew Less sparet parts stock

Disadvantage:

 Stands in the double- slow triping

 When drill deeper with 4 ½” DP or less, greater pressure drops.  Restricted running depth of intermediate casing if well

construction is complex due overpressure and lost circulation zones.  Mostly mechanical rigs – high noise level.

 Mud pump SPM restricted due drive diesel engine. Required 3 liner size

Restricted height bellow rotary table for BOP stack Less surface of drilling floor – safety

DP length restricted on bottom length limit. Advantage:

Advantage:

Stands in the tripple – faster tripping

 Porefull equipment – drawwork over 1000 HP, mud pumps over 1000 HP

Uses 5” DP – at greater depth less pressure losses. Havy casing string run deeper –Hook loads over 200 t Diesel electric drive.

Flexible range of RPM and SPM

Substructure higher and drilling floor greater area. DP length upper limit for range

Better Contractor’s References.

Disadvantage:

 Greater investmens at start More days for moving

More truck loads Longer rigging up

Large surface of well site

More personnel –more experienced and specialist Havy drilling and handling equipment

More investment for spare part stock

MOBILE DRILLING RIGS

STATIONARY DRILLING RIGS

If compare stationaru and mobile drilling rig we can notice foll

(4)

DRILLING RIGS

125 125 500 (368) 500 (368) 180 180 180 180 700 (515) 700 (515) 220 220 220 220 1000 (735) 1000 (735) 360 360 1500 (1100) 1500 (1100) 500 500 2000 (1470) 2000 (1470) 750 750 3000 (2200) 3000 (2200) 1000 1000 4000 (2940) 4000 (2940) 1500 1500 5000 (3728) 5000 (3728) 90 90--100100 300 (220) 300 (220) 80 80 250 (184) 250 (184) 75 75 200 (147) 200 (147) 60 60 150 (110) 150 (110) MOBILE RIGS MOBILE RIGS CONVENTIONAL RIGS CONVENTIONAL RIGS

HOOK LOAD CAPACITY (tons)

DRAWORKS RATED POWER

HP (kW)

(5)

MOBILE DRILLING RIG MOBILE DRILLING RIG

.

(6)

DRAWWORKS

(7)

DRAWWORKS

Basic configuration of Drawworks is:

MAIN DRUM:

Main drum of drawworks (Fig. 1) is intended to create enough f

Main drum of drawworks (Fig. 1) is intended to create enough force in the single line by wounding or reorce in the single line by wounding or re--wounding wounding drilling line while RIH , POOH or during drilling to slowlly rel

drilling line while RIH , POOH or during drilling to slowlly release weight on bit. Single line pull force depends on ease weight on bit. Single line pull force depends on

drawworks input power and drilling line size. Diameter and len

drawworks input power and drilling line size. Diameter and length of drum are in the direct relation with mast heightgth of drum are in the direct relation with mast height drilling line size and number of lines (determines hook load

drilling line size and number of lines (determines hook load capacity). Usually drum is grooved for selected drilling capacity). Usually drum is grooved for selected drilling

line size for beter wounding

line size for beter wounding ––extending usable life of drilling line. extending usable life of drilling line. Brake rimsBrake rimsare designed for band brake or for are designed for band brake or for disc brake. Brake rims surface depends of drawworks rated capaci

disc brake. Brake rims surface depends of drawworks rated capacity. Other components design depends on the type ofty. Other components design depends on the type of rih (conventional or mobile) and drive (diesel mechanic or dies

(8)

DRAWWORKS

Cat head: Cat head:

Cat head is mechanical device for Making

Cat head is mechanical device for Making--up or Breakingup or Breaking--out thread connection during connecting orout thread connection during connecting or triping. Pulling force created by cat head in the combination o

triping. Pulling force created by cat head in the combination of length of roetary tongs lever, should bef length of roetary tongs lever, should be enought for creating necessary torque when connecting. Whenacti

enought for creating necessary torque when connecting. Whenactivate at drilervate at driler’’s panel cathead s panel cathead control switch, friction plates at cat head matches and transfer

control switch, friction plates at cat head matches and transfer force to pulling line.force to pulling line. Make

Make--up cat head is located at LH side of drawworks, breakup cat head is located at LH side of drawworks, break--out cat head on RH side.out cat head on RH side. Most popular are cat heads:

.

(19)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION

DRILLING RIG SELECTION ––ROTARY TABLEROTARY TABLE

Rotary table should be at same lavel as drillig floor , both cov

(20)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION

DRILLING RIG SELECTION ––ROTARY TABLEROTARY TABLE

Rotary table opening depens on casing design.

Rotary table opening depens on casing design. Example

Example: If drilling rig 200 tons hook capacity should drill up to 390: If drilling rig 200 tons hook capacity should drill up to 3900m that assume that it will need to drill 260m that assume that it will need to drill 26””and and to run casing 20

to run casing 20”” at depth 30 or 100m. To perform that task it is neccesary to haat depth 30 or 100m. To perform that task it is neccesary to have rotary table opening 27 ve rotary table opening 27 ½”½”.. For running casing 20

For running casing 20”” with elevator and casing slips it is good to have and Casing bowith elevator and casing slips it is good to have and Casing bowl inserts 20wl inserts 20””.. Rotary torque usually not specified, but it is allways greater t

Rotary torque usually not specified, but it is allways greater than critical torque gor drill pipes. DRILL PIPE TORQUE han critical torque gor drill pipes. DRILL PIPE TORQUE

STRENGTH IS WEEAKEST POINT IN THE SYSTEM.

For well dipeer than 3000m (or drill string havier than 115 ton)

For well dipeer than 3000m (or drill string havier than 115 ton), it should be allweys used Pin drive kelly bushing, pin , it should be allweys used Pin drive kelly bushing, pin drive master bushing and SDU rotary slips.

drive master bushing and SDU rotary slips.

PIN DRIVE BOWL INSERTS

API Insert bowl

No. 1 2 3/8”-8 5/8”

No.2 9 5/8”-10 ¾”

No.3 11 ¾”-13 3/8”

(21)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION –– ROTARY TABLEROTARY TABLE

. .

(22)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION ––POWER EQUIPMENTPOWER EQUIPMENT



 Each rig must be equiped with 2 generator set appropirately rated so that one work 12 hours andEach rig must be equiped with 2 generator set appropirately rated so that one work 12 hours and second to be in the standba.

second to be in the standba.



 Basicaly rig rated 200 tons have following power consumption:Basicaly rig rated 200 tons have following power consumption:

-- 6060--110 Pcs. AC motors rated from 0,25 to 15 Kw that simultaniously 110 Pcs. AC motors rated from 0,25 to 15 Kw that simultaniously works at average works at average 90 kW90 kW

-- 4 Pcs AC motors rated 75 Kw each (2 Mud hopper, one desilter and4 Pcs AC motors rated 75 Kw each (2 Mud hopper, one desilter andone desander one desander 150 kW150 kW

-- 4 Pcs AC motors rated 35 kW each (two mud pumps, 2 compressor) 4 Pcs AC motors rated 35 kW each (two mud pumps, 2 compressor) 35 kW

35 kW

-- Heating / Cooling 7 Pcs air conditioner at 3 kW eachHeating / Cooling 7 Pcs air conditioner at 3 kW each 21 kW21 kW

-- Rig lighteningRig lightening 10 kW10 kW

TOTAL: 306 kW

TOTAL: 306 kW 

 That means that best selection is 2 generators rated 320 kW EachThat means that best selection is 2 generators rated 320 kW Each as minimum and one auhiliary generator for as minimum and one auhiliary generator for

moving rated 120 kW.



 Switch gear box (MCC) to be equiped with air conditioner. Plug iSwitch gear box (MCC) to be equiped with air conditioner. Plug in connection out door one to one.n connection out door one to one. 

 Mud agitators and shale shaker startMud agitators and shale shaker start--stop switch close to consumer.stop switch close to consumer. 

 All electrical instalation EXd protected.All electrical instalation EXd protected.

COMPRESSOR

-- One active and one standby compresor electricaly driven by 35kW One active and one standby compresor electricaly driven by 35kW motor AC.motor AC.

-- One air drayerOne air drayer

(23)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION ––MUD PUMPSMUD PUMPS

MUD PUMP



 Two mud pumps 1000 HP 6 ¾”Two mud pumps 1000 HP 6 ¾” x 10”x 10”each independently driven with torque converter C300each independently driven with torque converter C300--6565



 Two pre-Two pre-charging centrifugal pumps 5x6 driven with AC motor 35charging centrifugal pumps 5x6 driven with AC motor 35--45 kW45 kW 

 Pulsation dampener PD-Pulsation dampener PD-55 5000 psi WP55 5000 psi WP 

 Suction dampener horizontalSuction dampener horizontal 

 Pressure relief valve 1500Pressure relief valve 1500-5000 psi , reset, flanged-5000 psi , reset, flanged



 Vibration discharge hose 3 ½”Vibration discharge hose 3 ½” 5000 psi5000 psi



 Discharge manifold 4Discharge manifold 4”” 5000 psi welded connections5000 psi welded connections 

(24)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION ––BOPBOP’’ss

BOP

BOP’’s for drilling rig 200 ton should be 13 5/8s for drilling rig 200 ton should be 13 5/8”” 10000 psi rated as follows:10000 psi rated as follows:



 AnnularAnnular blowout preventer 13 5/8blowout preventer 13 5/8”” 5000 psi bottom flanged5000 psi bottom flanged



 Double ramDouble ramblowout preventer 13 5/8”blowout preventer 13 5/8” 10000 psi WP, flanged, with two side outlets 410000 psi WP, flanged, with two side outlets 4””

10000psi flanged. Top cavity equiped with 4

10000psi flanged. Top cavity equiped with 4 ½”½” DP rams, bottom cavity CSODP rams, bottom cavity CSO--blind rams.blind rams.



 Auxilliary rams 9 5 /8”Auxilliary rams 9 5 /8” one pair and 6 5/8one pair and 6 5/8”” or 7or 7”” casing rams.casing rams. 

 Drilling spoolDrilling spool 13 5/8”13 5/8” 10000 psi with two side outlets 410000 psi with two side outlets 4”” 10000psi flanged. 10000psi flanged.



 Addapter spoolAddapter spool 13 5/813 5/8”” 5000 psi x 13 5/85000 psi x 13 5/8”” 10000 psi, studded.10000 psi, studded.



 Addapter spoolAddapter spool 13 5/813 5/8”” 3000 psi x 13 5/83000 psi x 13 5/8”” 10000 psi, studded.10000 psi, studded. 

 Addapter spoolAddapter spool 11”11” 5000 psi x 13 5/8”5000 psi x 13 5/8” 10000 psi, studded.10000 psi, studded. 

 Choke lineChoke line 4 1/164 1/16”” 10K welded connection with one HRC 4 1/1810K welded connection with one HRC 4 1/18”” 10K and one gate valve 4 10K and one gate valve 4 1/16

1/16”” 10K flanged. Instead steel pipe 4 1/1610K flanged. Instead steel pipe 4 1/16””10K it can be flexibile hose 4 1/1610K it can be flexibile hose 4 1/16””10K.10K.



 Kill lineKill line 2 1/16”2 1/16” 10K welded connection with two gate valve 2 1/1610K welded connection with two gate valve 2 1/16””10K flanged and one check 10K flanged and one check valve 2 1/16

valve 2 1/16”” 10K.10K.



 Kill manifold Kill manifold (for Caspian region) with 3 gate valve 2 1/16(for Caspian region) with 3 gate valve 2 1/16”” 10K flanged. 10K flanged. 

 Accumulator unitAccumulator unit 160 gal minimum with appropirate triplex plunger pump driven by160 gal minimum with appropirate triplex plunger pump driven by AC motor AC motor

15 kW, two air operated pumps , manifold with valves for closing

15 kW, two air operated pumps , manifold with valves for closing anular, pipe rams, CSO rams, anular, pipe rams, CSO rams, HRC valve; three pressure transducer for Annu8lar pressure, low

HRC valve; three pressure transducer for Annu8lar pressure, low oil level and manifold pressure, oil level and manifold pressure, remote control panel with grafical illustration gauges for annul

remote control panel with grafical illustration gauges for annular pressure, and air system ar pressure, and air system pressure, air control hose, hypraulic pipe racks 1

pressure, air control hose, hypraulic pipe racks 1”” connecting accumulator unit with BOP’connecting accumulator unit with BOP’s.s.



 Cup testerCup tester for casing 9 5/8for casing 9 5/8”” 36-36-42# and 43,542# and 43,5--53,5#; 753,5#; 7”” 2929--38#, 13 3/838#, 13 3/8”” 72#.72#.



 BOP testing unitBOP testing unit air operated 15000 psi with recorderair operated 15000 psi with recorder 

(25)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION –– Cup testerCup tester

20 20”” 13 3/8 13 3/8”” 13 3/9 13 3/9”” 9 5/8 9 5/8”” 9 5/8 9 5/8”” 7 7”” 7 7”” 6 5/8 6 5/8”” 5 5 ½”½” 5 5”” 4 4 ½”½” Size Size Casing Casing 9.5 9.5 All All 270.000 270.000 2 3/8 2 3/8””IFIF 300,0 300,0 78,5 78,5--122,3122,3 103,3 103,3 61 61--7272 109,5 109,5 48 48--6161 42,4 42,4 43,5 43,5--53,553,5 44,1 44,1 32,2 32,2--4040 800.000 800.000 4 4 ½”½”IFIF 20,4 20,4 29 29--3838 23,5 23,5 17 17--2626 14,8 14,8 All All 500.000 500.000 3 3 ½”½”IFIF 16.0 16.0 All All 12.4 12.4 All All Weight, lb/ft Weight, lb/ft Cup area Cup area Sq.inch Sq.inch Load capacity, lb Load capacity, lb Connection Connection

CUP TESTER TYPE

(26)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION –– BOP accessoriesBOP accessories

DRILLING SPOOL

Adapter spool- studded

(27)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION ––MUD SYSTEMMUD SYSTEM

MUD SYSTEM

For 200 ton rig, based on well construction 13 3/8

For 200 ton rig, based on well construction 13 3/8””--200m; 9 5/8200m; 9 5/8””--1500m and 8 1500m and 8 ½”½” 3900m 3900m appropirate mud system total volume is 150m

appropirate mud system total volume is 150m33 _{consisting of:}_{consisting of:}

-- Mud tank suction 40mMud tank suction 40m3 3 equiped with 2 mud agitators 15HP each, mud gunsequiped with 2 mud agitators 15HP each, mud guns

-- Mud mixing tank 40mMud mixing tank 40m33 equiped with 2 mud agitators 15 HP each, mud gunsequiped with 2 mud agitators 15 HP each, mud guns

-- Mud tank –Mud tank –reserve mud 40mreserve mud 40m33 equiped with with 2 mud agitators 15 HP each, mud gunsequiped with with 2 mud agitators 15 HP each, mud guns

-- Mud threatment tank 40mMud threatment tank 40m3 3 with two chembers-with two chembers- suction and discharge compartment, 2 mud suction and discharge compartment, 2 mud

agitators 15 HP each, mud guns. On top of tank installed desande

agitators 15 HP each, mud guns. On top of tank installed desander, degaser and mud cleaner r, degaser and mud cleaner (optionaly

(optionaly –– centrifuge for unweighted mud for use in Caspian region).centrifuge for unweighted mud for use in Caspian region).

-- Shaker tank 20 + 12mShaker tank 20 + 12m33 with sand trap and two linear motion shakers.with sand trap and two linear motion shakers.

(28)

ELLIPTICAL MOTION SHAKER SWACO

HORIZONTAL VACUUM DR-GASR

DE-SANDER – 2 cone

(29)

CENTRIFUGE

SEPARATOR

MUD-GAS

(30)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION ––HANDLING EQUIPMENTHANDLING EQUIPMENT

ROTARY TONGS

Reliable rotary tongs produce BJ, Folley, Blohm & Vos, Web Wilso

Reliable rotary tongs produce BJ, Folley, Blohm & Vos, Web Wilson and all parts are interchangable.n and all parts are interchangable. For drilling rigs there is thre basic models: SXD

For drilling rigs there is thre basic models: SXD--200; SDD, DB and B.200; SDD, DB and B.

3 3 ½”½”––99”” 55.000 55.000 9 9””––11 11 ¼”¼” 40.000 40.000 13 3/8 13 3/8”” 30.000 30.000 B B 3 3 ½”½”––11 11 ¼”¼” 65.000 65.000 11 11 ¾”¾”––1717”” 40.000 40.000 DB DB 4 4””––1212”” 100.000 100.000 12 12””––1515”” 75.000 75.000 16 16””--1717”” 60.000 60.000 SDD SDD 8 8””--1616”” 200.000 200.000 SDX SDX--200200 Size range Size range Torque ft Torque ft--lblb TONGS TYPE TONGS TYPE

(31)

(32)

ELEVATOR LINKS

Nominal size of liks is measured on the body. They should be wel

Nominal size of liks is measured on the body. They should be weldless. Usualy rig is equiped withdless. Usualy rig is equiped with two pairs of links. One pair is shorter and is intendent for

two pairs of links. One pair is shorter and is intendent for normal drilling operations. Another pairnormal drilling operations. Another pair is is longer (and can be and larher size) for use in the specia

is is longer (and can be and larher size) for use in the special situations (when cementing casing l situations (when cementing casing string it is neccesary more space between hook and elevator to

string it is neccesary more space between hook and elevator to accomodate cementing head or accomodate cementing head or during DST to accomodate testing head).

during DST to accomodate testing head).

2 2 ¼”¼”x 132x 132”” 2 2 ¼”¼”x 108x 108”” 2 2 ¼”¼” x 108x 108”” 2 2 ¼”¼”x 96x 96”” 2 2 ¼”¼”x 84x 84”” 3 3 ½”½”x 144x 144”” 2 2 ¼”¼”x 84x 84”” 2 2 ¼”¼”x 72x 72”” 3 3 ½”½”x 132x 132”” 2 2 ¼”¼”x 72x 72”” 2 2 ¼”¼”x 60x 60”” Rated 500 tons Rated 500 tons Rated 350 tons Rated 350 tons Rated 250 tons Rated 250 tons

(33)

ELEVATORS (Drill pipe, Drill collar and casing)

Drill pipe elevator are side door elevators designed for shouler

Drill pipe elevator are side door elevators designed for shouler 90900 0 _{or 18}_{or 18}00_._.



 Type G elevator center latch with taper 18Type G elevator center latch with taper 1800 uses for Drill pipe ranging from 100 uses for Drill pipe ranging from 100 –– 500 ton 500 ton

capacity and sizes 2 3/8

capacity and sizes 2 3/8”” to 6 5/8to 6 5/8””OD.OD.



 Type X collar type side door elevators for handling Drill collarType X collar type side door elevators for handling Drill collar, Casing and Tubing ranging from 65 , Casing and Tubing ranging from 65

to 500 ton capacity and size range 1,66

to 500 ton capacity and size range 1,66”” to 30”to 30”OD.OD.



 Type A collar type side door elevators for handling Drill collar, Casing and Tubing in two basic Type A collar type side door elevators for handling Drill collar, Casing and Tubing in two basic design:

design:



 TA ranging from 35TA ranging from 35--150 ton capacity covering sizes 1,05150 ton capacity covering sizes 1,05”” to 11 to 11 ¼”¼”



(34)

(35)

(36)

(37)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION –– HANDLING EQUIPMENTHANDLING EQUIPMENT As stated previously for drill string loads up to 115 tons can b

As stated previously for drill string loads up to 115 tons can be used drill pipe slips Type DU having e used drill pipe slips Type DU having length of gripping with insets of 12

length of gripping with insets of 12””. For heavier strings it must be used SDU (or RD) type slips . For heavier strings it must be used SDU (or RD) type slips gripping 16

gripping 16”” length in the combination with pin drive system only.length in the combination with pin drive system only.

DRILL COLLAR SLIPS DRILL COLLAR SLIPS

Can be with standard inserts or with circular buttons. Bircular

Can be with standard inserts or with circular buttons. Bircular button inserts have better gripping with button inserts have better gripping with less possibility of slipping DC.

less possibility of slipping DC.

ROTARY SLIPS SDU

DRILL COLLAR SLIPS

WITH CIRCULAR BUTTONS

(38)

Casing multysegment slips with circular buttons

Covers casing sizes from 6 5/8

”

to 30

”

by changing numper of casing segments and

button size according manufacturers table.

(39)

(40)

DRILL PIPE AND DRILL COLLAR POWER TONGS

Hydraulically powered tongs (TW

-

60 Varco)male up and break out drill pipe tool joints

and drill collars from 4

”

to 8

”

OD. Torque can be pre

-

set to the required value.

Required hydraulic fluid flow 114

-

133 lpm at 135 Bar.

Size range

4

4 –

–

8

8 ”

”

(102

-

203mm)

Make up torque

63.000 ft

-

lbs (85.000 N

-

m)

Break out torque

(41)

Hydraulic spinning wrebch

Spinn drill pipe and drill collars from 2 7/8

”

to 9

½”

OD with no adjustments necessary.

Size range

2 7/8

”

to 9

½”

OD

Required hydraulic fluid flow

110

110 -

-

170 lpm at 135 Bar

Speed (5

”

DP)

100 rpm

Torque (5

(42)

KELLY SPINNER

Model 6600 (air operated ) and Model 6800 (hydraulically operate

d) can be used for

rotating drill pipe slowly for limited rat hole and mousehole dr

illing and for fast making

kelly connection. Unit can spin in and spin out.



Difference between air and hydraulically operater kelly spiner i

s in the drive motor

and auxxiliary equipment (valves, hose, manifold and discharge l

(43)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION ––INSTRUMENTATIONINSTRUMENTATION

RIG INSTRUMENTATION

Rig instrumentation can operate peumatically

-

hydraulically or electrically.

Pneumatic

-

hydrasulic systems

are cheap, long life, simple for installing, adjusting,

maintenance and needs small amount of spares.

Electrical systems

are expensive, installing, adjusting and maintenace must be per

formed

by specialist, needs large quantities of expesive spares.

Basic instrumentation systems conssit of:



Weight indicator with weight sensor



Pump pressure, two or three



SPM, Pump stroke per minute



RPM, rotary table rotational spped



Rotary torque



Tongs pull line force or torque



Pit level indikator



Flow meter



T

-

Km, Drilling line work



Recorder, drilling parameters

Instrument console

(44)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION –– INSTRUMENTATIONINSTRUMENTATION--WEIGHT INDICATORWEIGHT INDICATOR

WEIGHT INDICATOR WEIGHT INDICATOR

Most popular weight indicator systems is Martin Decker

Most popular weight indicator systems is Martin Decker-- Totco. Atlas instrument is copy of Martin Totco. Atlas instrument is copy of Martin Decker. Composition of one weight indicator system depends on:

Decker. Composition of one weight indicator system depends on:



 dead line anchor type,dead line anchor type, 

 drilling line size,drilling line size,



 sensor type, sensor type,



 indicator typeindicator type

Some Weight indicator systema are as follows: Some Weight indicator systema are as follows: System AW6

System AW6::

SYSTEM AWE6:

(45)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION –– INSTRUMENTATIONINSTRUMENTATION SYSTEM AWE6; AWE9 &AWE11

SYSTEM AWE6; AWE9 &AWE11

Martin Decker produces following Types of weight indicator: Martin Decker produces following Types of weight indicator:



 Weight indicator Type Slim holeWeight indicator Type Slim hole 

 Weight indicator Type ToolpusherWeight indicator Type Toolpusher 

 Weight indicator Type ClipperWeight indicator Type Clipper



 Weight indicator Type SealtiteWeight indicator Type Sealtite



 Weight indicator type Weight indicator type “FS“FS”” –– uses with anchor type Fuses with anchor type F 

 Weight indicator Type Weight indicator Type “D“D”” 

 Weight indicator Type Weight indicator Type “E“E”” 

 Weight indicator Type Weight indicator Type “EB“EB””

Mobile drilling rigs , small and medium deepth rating, ussualy

Mobile drilling rigs , small and medium deepth rating, ussualy uses weight indicator Type D (for uses weight indicator Type D (for drilling line size 1

drilling line size 1””; 1 1/8; 1 1/8”” and 1 and 1 ¼”).¼”).

Each weight indicator is equiped with appropirate dials

Each weight indicator is equiped with appropirate dials –– from one side 6 lines , reverse side 8 lines from one side 6 lines , reverse side 8 lines and bellow another dial with 8 lines and reverse side 12 lines,

and bellow another dial with 8 lines and reverse side 12 lines, or bigger rigs have 8 and 10 lines or bigger rigs have 8 and 10 lines –– another dial for 12 and 14 lines.

(46)

Next figure shows one weight indicator Type

Next figure shows one weight indicator Type ““DD”” adjusted for 8 lines and second figure shows adjusted for 8 lines and second figure shows changing dials.

(47)

Dead line anchor

Dead line anchor can be installed on the mast leg, drilling floor (drawworks levcan be installed on the mast leg, drilling floor (drawworks level) or bellow drilling el) or bellow drilling floor on the substructure. Basic types are:

floor on the substructure. Basic types are: National anchor: Type D, E and EB

National anchor: Type D, E and EB

Hercules anchor: 119; 120, 121; 129; 130T; 150T Hercules anchor: 119; 120, 121; 129; 130T; 150T

At mobile drilling rigs anchor is allways positioned in the fron

At mobile drilling rigs anchor is allways positioned in the front of drawworks.t of drawworks. For safer and easy slipping drilling line optionaly is available

For safer and easy slipping drilling line optionaly is available and drilling line tensioner at top of and drilling line tensioner at top of Anchor.

Anchor.

By design anchor can be constructed for: By design anchor can be constructed for:



 Tension load cell (sensor E80)-Tension load cell (sensor E80)- drilling line in and out from sensor side, left figuredrilling line in and out from sensor side, left figure 

 Compression load cell (ECompression load cell (E-543, E551 or 3 ) drilling linein from side oposite to cell and -543, E551 or 3 ) drilling linein from side oposite to cell and out from out from sensor side, middle figure,

sensor side, middle figure,



(48)

ANCHOR TYPE

ANCHOR TYPE ““DD””

Anchor Type

Anchor Type ““DD”” is structurally rated for 60000 lb single line pull to accomodate drilling line 1 1/8is structurally rated for 60000 lb single line pull to accomodate drilling line 1 1/8”” and 1

and 1 ¼”¼” buc can accomodate and 1”buc can accomodate and 1” line. Line clamp is bronze inserts different for each line sizeline. Line clamp is bronze inserts different for each line size using 6 bolts 1

using 6 bolts 1 ½”½” SAE 1020 steel for fastening. Drumm diameter is 24”SAE 1020 steel for fastening. Drumm diameter is 24”. .



 Anchor should be mounted so that dead line has a clear, unobstructed path to the crown blockAnchor should be mounted so that dead line has a clear, unobstructed path to the crown block 

 Senzor Type E80 is installed on the in-Senzor Type E80 is installed on the in-out line side of anchor. Senzor has an Fout line side of anchor. Senzor has an F--53 check valve 53 check valve

for loading the system with W

for loading the system with W--15 fluid.15 fluid. Factor affecting accuracy

Factor affecting accuracy

Accuracy of anchor Type D is

Accuracy of anchor Type D is ±±0,5%, but this can be affected by:0,5%, but this can be affected by:



 Type D is calibrated with 1 1/8”Type D is calibrated with 1 1/8” lineline



 With 1”With 1” line will read 0,5% lowline will read 0,5% low 

 With 1 ¼”With 1 ¼” line will read 0,5% high.line will read 0,5% high.

Accuracy of anchor type E is calibrated with line 1 Accuracy of anchor type E is calibrated with line 1 ½”½”..



 With 1 ¼”With 1 ¼” line will read 1% low.line will read 1% low.

Often it is necessary to mount the anchor several feet below the

Often it is necessary to mount the anchor several feet below the gauhe. In this case all readings gauhe. In this case all readings will be slightly low. One feet difference between the gauge and

will be slightly low. One feet difference between the gauge and the senzor will cause the followingthe senzor will cause the following weight indicator error:

weight indicator error:

EXAMPLE: A Type

EXAMPLE: A Type ““DD”” weight indicator with 8 lines, with senzor and anchor 10 ft below the gauge,weight indicator with 8 lines, with senzor and anchor 10 ft below the gauge, the indicator will read 1600 lb low at all readings.

the indicator will read 1600 lb low at all readings.

360 360 300 300 240 240 180 180 Type Type ““EE”” 240 240 200 200 160 160 120 120 Type Type ““DD”” 12 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 No. Of lines No. Of lines

(49)

Greatest error may occur as a result of the friction of the tack

Greatest error may occur as a result of the friction of the tackle system and friction of the hole.le system and friction of the hole. Hydraulic system is calibrated if gap between plates on the E80

Hydraulic system is calibrated if gap between plates on the E80 or compession cells is 0,62or compession cells is 0,62”” (16mm).(16mm). When, with hanged traveling block and kelly gap meassurement is

(50)

CHARGING SYSTEM WITH FLUID PROCEDURE:

To check peoblems with accuracy, shake hose violently or work an

To check peoblems with accuracy, shake hose violently or work anchor with pinch bar between stops.chor with pinch bar between stops.

-- If pointers are sluggish (lazy) problem is in the indicator and may be solved by A through D If pointers are sluggish (lazy) problem is in the indicator and may be solved by A through D

below. below.

-- If pointers react normally, the problem is in the anchor, senzorIf pointers react normally, the problem is in the anchor, senzor ot dead line and may be ot dead line and may be

solved by E through J below. solved by E through J below.

A)

A) Damper should be open to allow fluid pasage.Damper should be open to allow fluid pasage.

B)

B) Pointers could possibly be touching each other, dial or glass.Pointers could possibly be touching each other, dial or glass. C)

C) Remove glass and dials, clean the movement with kerosene or equivalent.Remove glass and dials, clean the movement with kerosene or equivalent. D)

D) Purge system of air by pumping W-Purge system of air by pumping W-15 fluid through check valve F15 fluid through check valve F--53 on the senzor. Bleed air 53 on the senzor. Bleed air

and excess fluid at the fitting at the base of the bourdon tube.

and excess fluid at the fitting at the base of the bourdon tube. Reassemble dials, glass and Reassemble dials, glass and case ring.

case ring.

E)

E) The dead line must have a clear unobstructed path to the crown and must not bind on the The dead line must have a clear unobstructed path to the crown and must not bind on the anchor flange. Any obstruction will createcpoor response in the

anchor flange. Any obstruction will createcpoor response in the indicator.indicator.

F)

F) The dead sheave in the crown block must be lubricated frequentlyThe dead sheave in the crown block must be lubricated frequently as in normal drilling this as in normal drilling this

sheave must move freely to providesensitive readings. sheave must move freely to providesensitive readings.

G)

G) The anchor is, in effect, a lever that must be allowed to move freely on its bearing. Therefore, The anchor is, in effect, a lever that must be allowed to move freely on its bearing. Therefore,

it should be lubricated frequently and kept free of dirt and ice it should be lubricated frequently and kept free of dirt and ice..

H)

H) The sensor must also be free of dirt and ice so that its movement is not restricted. The pins The sensor must also be free of dirt and ice so that its movement is not restricted. The pins connecting the sensor to the anchor must occasionally be removed

connecting the sensor to the anchor must occasionally be removed and cleaned of dirt and and cleaned of dirt and corrosion as they too must have some slight movement in order to

corrosion as they too must have some slight movement in order to have a sensitive have a sensitive instrument.

instrument.

I)

I) The kelly, kelly bushing, misalignment of the rotary table and other mechanical conditions of The kelly, kelly bushing, misalignment of the rotary table and other mechanical conditions of

the rig equipment may cause poor accuracy in the weight indicati

(51)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION –– INSTRUMENTATIONINSTRUMENTATION CHARGING SYSTEM WITH INSTRUMENT FLUID

CHARGING SYSTEM WITH INSTRUMENT FLUID

--

Check fluid load frequently and always before taking a heavy pul

l. The gap

“

A

”

in the

sensor should be 5/8

”

( 16mm) with block empty.

--

If gap is greater then this, it is possible that the system is o

verloaded to an extent

that the pointer will reading a preload figure. As soon as you a

pply enought weight to

overcome this preload the instrument will then read accuratelly.

-- When gap When gap ”A”A”” is LESS than 5/8”is LESS than 5/8” (16mm) as it is possible to apply enought weight to the hook (16mm) as it is possible to apply enought weight to the hook that stroke of the sensor is used up and it bottoms out, metal t

that stroke of the sensor is used up and it bottoms out, metal to metal. In this case the o metal. In this case the instrument will read correctly until it bottoms out and the poin

instrument will read correctly until it bottoms out and the pointer can then go no further.ter can then go no further.

-- Besides having the proper gap Besides having the proper gap “A“A””, the system should be free of air, as air will compress under , the system should be free of air, as air will compress under

load causing the gap to reduce prematurely and the possibility o

load causing the gap to reduce prematurely and the possibility of bottoming out may occur.f bottoming out may occur.

-- The gauge calibration should be checked periodically. This calibration is 816 psi for 360The gauge calibration should be checked periodically. This calibration is 816 psi for 36000 –– FOR FOR

INSTRUMENTS

(52)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION –– INSTRUMENTATIONINSTRUMENTATION SPM & RPM ELECTRIC TACHOMETER

SPM & RPM ELECTRIC TACHOMETER

Rotary table electric and pump SPM tachometer consists of gener

Rotary table electric and pump SPM tachometer consists of generator producing DC current 4ator producing DC current 4--20 mA.20 mA.

-- Generator is mounted close torotating part of unit and trough VGenerator is mounted close torotating part of unit and trough V-Belt, depending on rotating speed -Belt, depending on rotating speed produce DC current from 4 to maximum 20 mA.

produce DC current from 4 to maximum 20 mA.

-- Calibration can be performed by plastic screw positioned on the Calibration can be performed by plastic screw positioned on the right bottom side of dial.right bottom side of dial.

(53)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION

–

INSTRUMENTATION

PUMP STROKE INDICATOR

PUMP STROKE INDICATOR--ELECTRONICELECTRONIC

-- Pump stroke indicator gives SPM 1 , SPM 2 or for both pump togePump stroke indicator gives SPM 1 , SPM 2 or for both pump together. Also it gives and cumulative SPM from ther. Also it gives and cumulative SPM from begining of pumping.

begining of pumping.

-- Sensor (contact closure) works so that when actuing rod deflect Sensor (contact closure) works so that when actuing rod deflect after each passing of piston rod intersect after each passing of piston rod intersect

magnetic flux thet send weak electricity singnals ranging 4

magnetic flux thet send weak electricity singnals ranging 4--20 mA to totalizer.20 mA to totalizer.

-- For adjustment there are available folloving controls: Test buttFor adjustment there are available folloving controls: Test button, Reset button, Pump select, Alarm set and Main on, Reset button, Pump select, Alarm set and Main power switch. Input is AC Power 230V 50Hz 20W and at sensor inpu

power switch. Input is AC Power 230V 50Hz 20W and at sensor input id +15 VDCt id +15 VDC

-- Display 0 to 200 SPMDisplay 0 to 200 SPM

(54)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION

–

INSTRUMENTATION

PUMP STROKE INDICATOR

PUMP STROKE INDICATOR--NON CONTACTING PROXIMITY SENSORNON CONTACTING PROXIMITY SENSOR This SPM or RPM system consists of following components:

This SPM or RPM system consists of following components:



 Interface boxInterface box

-- Purged, nonPurged, non--purged or explosion proof.purged or explosion proof.

-- Two or three sensor capabilityTwo or three sensor capability

-- Analog voltage output (o to 10VDC)Analog voltage output (o to 10VDC)

-- Analog current output (0Analog current output (0--16 mA, 416 mA, 4--20 mA, 020 mA, 0--4 mA or 14 mA or 1--5 mA) field programmable.5 mA) field programmable.

-- Digital orDigital or”” cotact closurecotact closure”” output.output.



 SensorSensor

--There are thre types of proximity sensorThere are thre types of proximity sensor

-- First and third sensor at left figure require Barrier amplifier.First and third sensor at left figure require Barrier amplifier.



 Barrier box –Barrier box – purged enclosure with barrier amplifiers.purged enclosure with barrier amplifiers. 

 Puls signal conditioner boardPuls signal conditioner board--proces output signals from sensorproces output signals from sensor 

 Discriminator board develops an analog voltage received fromDiscriminator board develops an analog voltage received from

pulse signal conditioner and send this voltage to an analog pulse signal conditioner and send this voltage to an analog display and E/P board.

(55)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION

–

INSTRUMENTATION

HYDRAULICALLY OPERATED ROTARY TORQUE METER

HYDRAULICALLY OPERATED ROTARY TORQUE METER ““HYDROHYDRO--MECHMECH””Model FAModel FA--99



 Simple hydraulically operated rotary torque meter-Simple hydraulically operated rotary torque meter- dimensionlles readout. Mounting close , as dimensionlles readout. Mounting close , as

possible, to the rotary table to avoid aditional torque in the t

possible, to the rotary table to avoid aditional torque in the transmition. ransmition.



 Main parts are Frame, measuring wheel (Idler), hydraulic cylinder Hydraulic hose and Dial.Main parts are Frame, measuring wheel (Idler), hydraulic cylinder Hydraulic hose and Dial. 

 External surfaces od rubber Idler should have appropirate profiExternal surfaces od rubber Idler should have appropirate profil to accomodate size of chain, l to accomodate size of chain, single or double.

single or double.



 Calibration of meter, with idler suporting low side of chain in the middle, is correct when while Calibration of meter, with idler suporting low side of chain in the middle, is correct when while

loading system with instrument fluid W

(56)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION

–

INSTRUMENTATION

ELECTRIC TORQUE SYSTEM

This system measures voltage drop across a 50 micro ohms shunt p

This system measures voltage drop across a 50 micro ohms shunt placed in the series eith motor. laced in the series eith motor. Motor torque is proportional with motor current so voltage can b

Motor torque is proportional with motor current so voltage can be related to torque. e related to torque. Electric torque system consists of:

Electric torque system consists of:

-- Isolation amplifier instaled close to shuntin the rotary power lineShunt normally have a rating of Isolation amplifier instaled close to shuntin the rotary power lineShunt normally have a rating of

50 mV; 1000 A. 50 mV; 1000 A.

-- Recorder can be separate or standard Recor-Recorder can be separate or standard Recor-OO--Graph 7 pen if use E/P transducer between Graph 7 pen if use E/P transducer between Amplifier and recorder.

Amplifier and recorder.

Shunt

(57)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION

(58)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION

–

INSTRUMENTATION

TRU

TRU--TORQUE ROTARY RORQUE SYSTEM Model FATORQUE ROTARY RORQUE SYSTEM Model FA--1818 Is another hydraulicaly operated system for measuring rotary tab

Is another hydraulicaly operated system for measuring rotary table torque. Consists of two le torque. Consists of two compression sensors instaled diagonally on the two rotary sides

compression sensors instaled diagonally on the two rotary sides, hydraulic hose Dial indicator gauge , hydraulic hose Dial indicator gauge and hoses to recorder.

(59)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION

–

INSTRUMENTATION

EXAMPLE of calculations when selecting size of senzor. EXAMPLE of calculations when selecting size of senzor.

(60)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION

–

INSTRUMENTATION

MUD PUMP PRESSURE GAGE Model GM6A



 System operates in the temperature range of -System operates in the temperature range of -45 to + 6545 to + 6500C. C. 

 Accuracy of the system is ±Accuracy of the system is ± 1,0%.1,0%. 

 System consists of Diaphragm gage protector, hydraulic hose , dampener and Gage (dial).System consists of Diaphragm gage protector, hydraulic hose , dampener and Gage (dial).



 Diaphragm gage protector shoul always be installed vertivally (Left Figure) to anable purging Diaphragm gage protector shoul always be installed vertivally (Left Figure) to anable purging rubber cup when pumping stops.

rubber cup when pumping stops.

Hudraulic system loading with hydraulic fluid W Hudraulic system loading with hydraulic fluid W--1515



 Disassembly Diaphragm gage protector and place bottom up.Disassembly Diaphragm gage protector and place bottom up. 

 Connect hand operated hydraulic pump. Do nor tight connecting nut.Connect hand operated hydraulic pump. Do nor tight connecting nut. 

 Fill-Fill-up pump reservoir with instrument fluid Wup pump reservoir with instrument fluid W--15. During pumping minimum level should be 15. During pumping minimum level should be half of reservoir height.

half of reservoir height.



 Slowly operate pump while on the connecting thread leagks clear fluid (without air bubbles).Slowly operate pump while on the connecting thread leagks clear fluid (without air bubbles).



 Tight connection and start pumping while monitor runner cup. When inside sides of cup Tight connection and start pumping while monitor runner cup. When inside sides of cup taches stop pumping. System is loaded with fluid under proper pr

(61)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION

–

INSTRUMENTATION

TONG LINE PULL & TORQUE INDICATOR SYSTEM H6B

System uses when making

System uses when making--up Drill pipe, drill collar casing and tubing joints giving up Drill pipe, drill collar casing and tubing joints giving ““line pullline pull”” readings readings in pound, kilograms or decanewtons that can be easy converted to

in pound, kilograms or decanewtons that can be easy converted to ft-ft-lb or kglb or kg--m by multiplying the m by multiplying the line pull reading by the effective tong handle length.

line pull reading by the effective tong handle length.



 When ussing model H29A for makingWhen ussing model H29A for making-up casing it provides direct torque reading in ft-up casing it provides direct torque reading in ft--lb or kglb or kg--m.m.



 All line pull indicators consists of: Dial indicator and hydraulic cylindervwith connectinh high All line pull indicators consists of: Dial indicator and hydraulic cylindervwith connectinh high pressure hose.

pressure hose.



 Dial is equipped with a target pointer which can be set to a predetermined indication.Dial is equipped with a target pointer which can be set to a predetermined indication. 

 Hydraulic cylinder can be installed on the jarkline or back-Hydraulic cylinder can be installed on the jarkline or back-up line.up line.



 For accurate indication the line must be 90For accurate indication the line must be 9000 to the tong armat point of taking the reading and to the tong armat point of taking the reading and

parallel to rig floor. parallel to rig floor.



 The indicator do not need field or operational calibration.The indicator do not need field or operational calibration.



 If the measured dimension “If the measured dimension “AA”” is equal to, or larher then the recharge dimension shown in theis equal to, or larher then the recharge dimension shown in the

figure

figure recharge system as followsrecharge system as follows::



 Remove all weight from the cylinder and ensure the hose is free Remove all weight from the cylinder and ensure the hose is free of kinks and sharp bends.of kinks and sharp bends.



 Remove the cap from the check valve on the indicator dampener onRemove the cap from the check valve on the indicator dampener onthe gage, close the dampener.the gage, close the dampener.



 Attach hand pump YA2 with swivel to the check valve, and fill reAttach hand pump YA2 with swivel to the check valve, and fill reservoir with W15 (red) instrument fluid.servoir with W15 (red) instrument fluid.



 Loosen the pipe plug or blead screw on the cylinder body, pump fLoosen the pipe plug or blead screw on the cylinder body, pump fluid and blead at plug/screw until air luid and blead at plug/screw until air bubbles stop escaping.

bubbles stop escaping.



 Tighten the plug or screw and pump fluid in the system to slightTighten the plug or screw and pump fluid in the system to slightly overcharge and permit that piston be ly overcharge and permit that piston be

fully drawn into the cylinder. Disengage hand pump from check va

fully drawn into the cylinder. Disengage hand pump from check valve.lve.



(62)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION

(63)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION

–

INSTRUMENTATION

MUD FLOW SYSTEM

Mud flow sensor monitor the mud flow level on the return line.

Mud flow sensor monitor the mud flow level on the return line. Signal is transered to mud flow indicator Signal is transered to mud flow indicator and/or mud low recorder. Senzor is mounted ond the floe pipe

and/or mud low recorder. Senzor is mounted ond the floe pipe

-- Primary power supply 220V 50 Hz 35WPrimary power supply 220V 50 Hz 35W

-- Operating ambient temperature: -Operating ambient temperature: -202000C to +55C to +5500CC

-- Sensor excition + 10,5 V DCSensor excition + 10,5 V DC

(64)

DRILLING RIG SELECTION

–

INSTRUMENTATION

TRIP TANK AND MUD PIT VOLUME TOTALIZER

It is warning device for total mud volume in the mud tanks and t

It is warning device for total mud volume in the mud tanks and tripping monitor.ripping monitor. Both systems uses Probe (explosion proof transducer) for measuri

Both systems uses Probe (explosion proof transducer) for measuring mud level in the each tank,ng mud level in the each tank, indicator, remote warning system (lamp and/or horn) and optiona