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Cultivating requirements in a situated requirements engineering process

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http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/

Original citation:

Sun, P.H., Russ, Steve, Chen, Y. C. and Beynon, Meurig (1999) Cultivating

requirements in a situated requirements engineering process. University of Warwick.

Department of Computer Science. (Department of Computer Science Research Report).

(Unpublished) CS-RR-357

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http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/61084

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In contrast, the experimental interaction between computer models invoked by

participants immediately changes the visualisations of these models. The change leads

quickly to the evolution of individual insights as well as to a shared understanding.

The synchronisation between the evolution of computer models and individual insights

allows participants to ‘see’ the viewpoints of other participants and to ‘communicate’

with them by interacting with their own artefact. In the same manner, the shared

understanding is also shown in these computer models. From the perspective of users,

the visible and communicable computer models illustrating the solutions to the

identified problems are a crucial contribution to understanding that complements the

passive textual descriptions of conventional specifications.

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