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The role of plantigrady and heel strike in the mechanics and energetics of human walking with implications for the evolution of the human foot

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Figure

Fig. 1. Differences in posture and limb length in heel-strike (HS) and non-heel-strike (NHS) gaits
Fig. 2. HS and NHS plantigrady. Differences in COP translation in HS (A) andNHS (B) plantigrady occurring after foot touchdown
Fig. 3. Effective limb length in HS and NHS walking. Effective limb length(m) is significantly longer during HS, heel-to-toe gait compared with NHS gaits( L′N=14, F1,13 =459.8; *P<0.0001).
Fig. 4. The effect of L′ on Froude number. (A) Fr numbers differedsignificantly between preferred and fast trials (N=14, F1,13=8.78, *P=0.011).(B) After adjustment using L′, there was no significant difference between HSand NHS trials (N=14, F1,13=0.543, P
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