CURRENT BORDER SECURITY ISSUES

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CURRENT BORDER SECURITY ISSUES CURRENT BORDER SECURITY ISSUES

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RI-Malaysia

RI-Singapura

ZEE RI-Australia

RI-Vietnam RI-RI-ThailandThailand

RI-Australia RI-RI-IndiaIndia

RI-Timor Leste RI-Philipina

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Indonesia is the biggest five state in the world Indonesia is the biggest five state in the world

which has borders in sea with 10 (ten) which has borders in sea with 10 (ten) neighbouring countries and in land with neighbouring countries and in land with

3 (three) neighbouring countries. The border 3 (three) neighbouring countries. The border areas are widely spread with various typhologies areas are widely spread with various typhologies from the hinterland to the little most outside from the hinterland to the little most outside islands. This condition gives a great challenges islands. This condition gives a great challenges that effects the lay out of control in securing that effects the lay out of control in securing

border areas.

GENERAL GENERAL

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The challenges that Indonesia faces in border The challenges that Indonesia faces in border

areas have distinctive conditions and areas have distinctive conditions and

characteristics with other regions. The problems characteristics with other regions. The problems

occured in border regions were effected by occured in border regions were effected by

various factors such as geographics, the various factors such as geographics, the

available of natural and human resources, socio available of natural and human resources, socio--

economics, politics and cultural conditions and economics, politics and cultural conditions and

the prosperity level of neighbour states’s people.

One of the primary problems face by all border One of the primary problems face by all border regions in Indonesia is the poverty and the lack regions in Indonesia is the poverty and the lack

of social basic structures and infra

of social basic structures and infra--structures. structures.

GENERAL GENERAL

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SECURITY ISSUES ON BORDER AREAS SECURITY ISSUES ON BORDER AREAS

The management of state’s border is a The management of state’s border is a strategics and urgent issue which relates strategics and urgent issue which relates to the integrity of the United Republic of to the integrity of the United Republic of

Indonesia.

One of the things which contributes to the One of the things which contributes to the less optimum results in handling border less optimum results in handling border issues is the absence of institutions that issues is the absence of institutions that

specifically manage all the aspects of specifically manage all the aspects of

border management, either at national or border management, either at national or

regional level.

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The security measures require a close The security measures require a close cooperation among the states in those cooperation among the states in those regions. The cooperation should cover a regions. The cooperation should cover a

coordination among related institutions coordination among related institutions

such as the navies, other law enforcing such as the navies, other law enforcing

agencies, ship operators and port agencies, ship operators and port

authorities.

The issues and problems which often The issues and problems which often occure and happen with neighbouring occure and happen with neighbouring

countries in bilateral is dominated with the countries in bilateral is dominated with the problems in stipulating border lines among problems in stipulating border lines among

countries, either at continent and sea.

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SECURITY ISSUES ON BORDER AREAS SECURITY ISSUES ON BORDER AREAS Next are several current border issues Next are several current border issues

which face by Indonesia : which face by Indonesia :

State Border Lines State Border Lines

In several border regions, either in land or sea, In several border regions, either in land or sea,

have not yet achieve to the agreement in have not yet achieve to the agreement in establishment of the border line. Beside that, establishment of the border line. Beside that, several maritim borders also have not been several maritim borders also have not been

agreed between Indonesia and neighbour agreed between Indonesia and neighbour countries. Those problems often triggers countries. Those problems often triggers

disputes in fields between authorities personnel disputes in fields between authorities personnel with fishermen from Indonesia and neighbour with fishermen from Indonesia and neighbour

countries.

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SECURITY ISSUES ON BORDER AREAS SECURITY ISSUES ON BORDER AREAS Next are several current border issues Next are several current border issues

which face by Indonesia : which face by Indonesia :

Illegal Fishing Illegal Fishing

Indonesian maritim borders with 10 (ten) Indonesian maritim borders with 10 (ten)

neighbouring countries give opportunity to any neighbouring countries give opportunity to any illegal borders crossers, either by foreign vessels illegal borders crossers, either by foreign vessels or local fishermen who don’t know the exact or local fishermen who don’t know the exact

location of the Indonesian maritim borders.

The efforts to handle fishermen who trespass The efforts to handle fishermen who trespass the border are necessary to be implemented the border are necessary to be implemented comprehensively by the security authorities and comprehensively by the security authorities and

regional government.

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Illegal Fishing (

Illegal Fishing (CntdCntd))

Bilateral dialogues to overcome this problem is Bilateral dialogues to overcome this problem is necessary to be done by security authorities and necessary to be done by security authorities and regional government, considering the quantities regional government, considering the quantities of sea resourcers which has been stolen by of sea resourcers which has been stolen by foreign fishermen along this times that causes foreign fishermen along this times that causes

great disadvantages to the country.

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Traditional Illegal Border Crossers Traditional Illegal Border Crossers

The similarity of culture, custom and tradition The similarity of culture, custom and tradition and inheritance in several border regions, has and inheritance in several border regions, has inevitable cause the activity of illegal traditional inevitable cause the activity of illegal traditional border crossers. The similarity of cultural and border crossers. The similarity of cultural and

tradition and the illegal border crosser are tradition and the illegal border crosser are

border issues that exist since a long time and border issues that exist since a long time and know reemerge along with the management of know reemerge along with the management of continent border areas in several regions such continent border areas in several regions such

as in Papua, Kalimantan and NTT.

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Armed Robbery against Ship and Armed Robbery against Ship and

Sea Piracy Sea Piracy

According to article 100 of UNCLOS '82 piracy is According to article 100 of UNCLOS '82 piracy is

an illegal act "

an illegal act "on the on the high seashigh seas or in any other or in any other place

place outsideoutside the jurisdiction of any statethe jurisdiction of any state". So, ". So, the act which takes place in waters under the act which takes place in waters under

national jurisdiction, therefore,

national jurisdiction, therefore, is notis not an act of an act of

"

"piracypiracy" but an act of "" but an act of "armed robberyarmed robbery" or "" or "sea sea robbery

robbery". These terms should be defined clearly ". These terms should be defined clearly to avoid misinterpretation between "

to avoid misinterpretation between "sea sea robbery

robbery" and "" and "piracypiracy". ".

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Armed Robbery against Ship and Armed Robbery against Ship and

Sea Piracy

Sea Piracy ((CntndCntnd))

Piracy,

Piracy, armed robbery against ships and the armed robbery against ships and the terrorist attack in the sea lanes have posed a terrorist attack in the sea lanes have posed a serious threat to maritime security in Asia Pacific serious threat to maritime security in Asia Pacific

Region also disturbing the stability of global Region also disturbing the stability of global trade. This issue is paramount and maritime trade. This issue is paramount and maritime commerce has become an important factor in commerce has become an important factor in enhancing the welfare of states in the region, enhancing the welfare of states in the region,

South East Area in particular.

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Illicit Drugs Trafficking Illicit Drugs Trafficking

It is forecasted that the flows trade of this crime It is forecasted that the flows trade of this crime be using sea and air transportation. The prime be using sea and air transportation. The prime and basic formula of this Illicit Drug carried by and basic formula of this Illicit Drug carried by cargo container and come from foreign country.

cargo container and come from foreign country.

Eventhough the sea boarding and interdiction Eventhough the sea boarding and interdiction could be held at sea, harbour inspection should could be held at sea, harbour inspection should be applied too in order to gain the effectivity of be applied too in order to gain the effectivity of

operations.

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Human Trafficking Human Trafficking

This crime usually uses sea transportation.

Basically those victims from this crime are Basically those victims from this crime are looking for a better life at the future land looking for a better life at the future land

promised by the

promised by the criminal. But then distracted to criminal. But then distracted to illegal trafficking in person.

illegal trafficking in person.

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Arms Smuggling Arms Smuggling

This crime originates from black market to this This crime originates from black market to this

area by using fishing vessel or any other area by using fishing vessel or any other traditional sea transportation. This act is traditional sea transportation. This act is

predicted occur within the borders of Indonesia predicted occur within the borders of Indonesia--

Malaysia

Malaysia--Thailand. Thailand.

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Maritime Terrorism Maritime Terrorism

TThere has been a perception that terrorists can here has been a perception that terrorists can work together with robberies

work together with robberies in Malacca Strait in Malacca Strait and attack or destroy one of the biggest trade and attack or destroy one of the biggest trade

lanes in the world.

lanes in the world. The important thing is the The important thing is the readiness and alertness to overcome all readiness and alertness to overcome all

possibilities that may happen to Indonesia which possibilities that may happen to Indonesia which

is already a terrorist victim. However, if we is already a terrorist victim. However, if we observe carefully we will find out that the observe carefully we will find out that the

terrorism at sea is still rare and their effects are terrorism at sea is still rare and their effects are not so frightening as the terrorism on land. The not so frightening as the terrorism on land. The main target of terrorism is to give serious fear main target of terrorism is to give serious fear

effect to the people.

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Illegal Logging Illegal Logging

Most of the Indonesian border regions have the Most of the Indonesian border regions have the

richness of natural resources and various richness of natural resources and various ecosystems. It encourages the criminals to ecosystems. It encourages the criminals to conduct the illegal logging activities. This conduct the illegal logging activities. This worsen by the distinctive regulations from the worsen by the distinctive regulations from the neighbour states. For the examples are the neighbour states. For the examples are the regulation in Malaysia and Singapore which have regulation in Malaysia and Singapore which have policy to allow the goods from abroad to enter policy to allow the goods from abroad to enter their country without any procedure to examine their country without any procedure to examine the originate of the goods. As long as the the originate of the goods. As long as the

goods pay the custom, so it considered as legal.

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THE EFFORTS IN SECURING BORDER AREAS THE EFFORTS IN SECURING BORDER AREAS

TThe efforts to handle issues in border regions he efforts to handle issues in border regions are still partial and ad hoc which divided into are still partial and ad hoc which divided into

several committees, among others : several committees, among others :

a.a. General Border Committee (GBC)General Border Committee (GBC) RIRI--MMALAL, , coco--chaired by Minister of Defense RI.chaired by Minister of Defense RI.

b.b. Joint Border Committee (JBC) RIJoint Border Committee (JBC) RI--PNGPNG,, coco--chaired by Minister of Internal Affairs RI.chaired by Minister of Internal Affairs RI.

c.c. Joint Border Committee (JBC) RIJoint Border Committee (JBC) RI--RDTLRDTL, , coco--chaired by DirGen of General Goverment Deptchaired by DirGen of General Goverment Dept

Internal Affairs RI.

d.d. Combined Annual Report Meeting RICombined Annual Report Meeting RI--SSININ, , coco--chaired by Commander in Chief of TNI.chaired by Commander in Chief of TNI.

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THE EFFORTS IN SECURING BORDER AREAS THE EFFORTS IN SECURING BORDER AREAS

The security measures in borders area are also The security measures in borders area are also

conducted in several operational activities, conducted in several operational activities,

among others : among others :

a.a. The Coordinated Patrol and Joint Patrol with The Coordinated Patrol and Joint Patrol with neighbouring countries, in frame of bilateral or neighbouring countries, in frame of bilateral or

trilateral cooperations.

b.b. The establishment of joint border posts.The establishment of joint border posts.

c.c. The installment of surveillance equiptment in The installment of surveillance equiptment in border regions, such as Integrated Maritim Sea border regions, such as Integrated Maritim Sea

Surveilance along Malacca Straits.

d.d. The deployment of TNI personnel in little most The deployment of TNI personnel in little most outside islands.

outside islands.

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CONCLUSION CONCLUSION

The strategic location brings opportunity to any The strategic location brings opportunity to any

illegal activities in border areas illegal activities in border areas

Along these years, the efforts to handle Along these years, the efforts to handle border issues are taken by holding bilateral border issues are taken by holding bilateral cooperation with neighbouring countries which cooperation with neighbouring countries which

have directly borders with Indonesia.

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CONCLUSION CONCLUSION

The security measures are taken by TNI by The security measures are taken by TNI by conducting a joint or a coordinated border conducting a joint or a coordinated border security operation with several neighbouring security operation with several neighbouring

countries.

countries. OOther state’s institutions are also ther state’s institutions are also taken several measures in diplomacy through taken several measures in diplomacy through

joint committees.

Hopefully, through the comprehensive efforts Hopefully, through the comprehensive efforts

from all state’s elements and the good will from from all state’s elements and the good will from

neighbouring countries the problems will be neighbouring countries the problems will be solved and security and prosperity condition in solved and security and prosperity condition in

border areas could be achieved and well border areas could be achieved and well

maintained.

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THANK YOU THANK YOU