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Masters Theses Graduate School

8-1934

An Educational Survey of Daisy Community, Hamilton County,

An Educational Survey of Daisy Community, Hamilton County,

Tennessee

Tennessee

William Belger Griffin

University of Tennessee - Knoxville

Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes

Part of the Education Commons

Recommended Citation Recommended Citation

Griffin, William Belger, "An Educational Survey of Daisy Community, Hamilton County, Tennessee. " Master's Thesis, University of Tennessee, 1934.

https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/2983

copy of this thesis for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, with a major in Education.

B. O. Duggan, Major Professor We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance:

A. W. Mueller, Joseph Avent

Augus t 10, 1934

To the C ommi t tee on Graduate Study:

I submi t herewith a the si s by William

Belger Gri ffin,

11An

Educati onal Survey

of

Dai sy C om­

muni ty

,

Hamilton County, Tenne s see," and recommend

tha t i t be ac cepte d for nine quar ter

hours

credit in

fulfillment

of

the requirement

for

the degree

of

Ma ster

of

Sc ience, wi th a maj or in Education .

At the reque st

of

the

Commi tte e on Gr aduate

Study, I have read thi s

the sis, and recomme nd

its ac c ep tanc e

.

_jl

�

��

· · Major Professor

TENNESSEE

•

A THESIS

Submi tted to the Graduate C ommi ttee

of

The Univer sity of Tenne s see

in

Par tial Fulfillment of the Requirement s

for the degree of

Master of Science

.. .. � ... . "• .... . ·� ····:·=· •" . ., .

by

WILLIAM BELGER GRIFFIN

August 1934

... .. .. . . _. . . . - ....

•

ii

C ONTENTS

.

Chap ter

Page

I

GENERAL STATEMENTS

Intr oduc tion

. --Pr ocedure

. --Hamil ton

C ounty : Tax Rate ; C ounty Budge t ;

Pr op er ty Tax Re turn ; Bonde d Indebted­

ne s s ; Public and Charitable Institutions ;

Ss.l arie s ; Schools

. .

. .

.

.

.

.

. . . .

.

. . .

.

. .

.

. . .

. 1

II

THE DAISY C OMMUNITY

Siz e and Loc ation . --Top ogr aphy . --Streams . -­

Water Power

. --

Mineral s

. -

-Cl

ay

. --

Railroads

. -­

Road s

. --

History

. --

Racial De sc entl--Morality .

Churche s

.--

Home s

. --

He al th Conditions . -­

Recreational Ac tivity

. --

Profe ssions

:

Doc t<r s ; Dentists

. --

Industries : Tile Man­

ufacturing ; C oal Mining ; Ho siery Manu­

fae.turing ; Farming

. --

Gardening

.

--Dairying . -­

Me

rc

h

and

ising

.

--C

ommunity

C enter s . --Banks .-­

Fraternal Org

anizations

. -

-C ommunity

C ontentment

. --

Taxable Wealth

. --

Support

of Education . . . .

.

.

. . .

. .

. .

..

. . .

. .

. . .

15

III

THE DAISY SCHOOL

Hi story . --Pr e sent Pl ant : Janitorial.

Service ; Building Material ; Sweeping

and Dus ting ; Gr ound s

. --

Eq

u

i

pm

ent

:

Toile t s ; Wa ter ; Lighting; He ating and

Ventilation ; Library ; Playgr ounds ;

Laboratory

.

--

Pupil

s :

Elementary School

Pupil s ; High School Pupil s ; Per Capita

C o s t of Instruc tion ; Tr anspor tation

. -­

Length of School Term

. --Extra-curricular

Ac tivitie s : Athletic s ; C lub s ; Music

. -­

Te acher s : Number of Te acher s ; Preparation ;

Experienc e ; Teacher Tenure ; C er tific ate s ;

Salary ; Attitude Toward Teaching ; Member ship

in Organiz ations ; Pro fe s sional Re ading

. -­

Parent-Teacher Associ ation . --Atti tude of

Medical Authoritie s

• • • • • . • . • • • •• • • •• • •• • . • • • •

59

IV

C ONCLUSIONS AND REC OMMENDATIONS

C onclusion s : The Dai sy Community ; The

Dai sy School . --Re commendations : The

C ommunity ; the Dai sy School

. • . • . . •• • . • . . . • . • •

88

Bi bli ogr aphy . . . . .

. . .

.

. . .

.

. .

.

.

. . .

. . .

.

. . . .

.

.

.

.

.

.

96

Table

I

II

III

IV

TABLES IN

TEXT

Page

Budge t for Hamil ton

C ormty

. . • • • . . • . . . • . . .

6

Feature s

Relating

to

Dai sy Communi ty Churche s .

28

Featur e s

Relating

to

Dai sy C ommuni ty Doc tor s

• •

39

Featur e s

Relating

to

Til e Manufactur ing in

Oai sy

. . .

.

. . .

.

. . . . · . .

. . . . . . 40

V C oal Mining in Dai sy.

• • . . . . • . . . • . . • . • • • • • • • •

42

VI Hosi ery Manufac turing in Dai sy

• . . • • • . . . . • • • . . •

43

VII Siz e of Farms and Kinds of Produc t s Gr own

by Farm Owner s .

.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

VIII Number and Kind of Live stock and Poul try

Owned by Farm Owner s .

. . . ·· . . . • .

. . . . . . . . . . 49

IX Prop er ty Tai Paid by Dai sy C ommuni ty

• • • • • • • . . •

57

X C api tal Inve stment s , Asse s sed Valuation, and

Prop erty Tax Paid by Pai sy Industrie s

• • • . • • . . •

58

XI Number and Siz e of Clas srooms

. • • • . • • • • . . • . • • • •

61

XII Nam e s and Siz e of Classrooms

. . • • • • . • . • • . • • � . • •

61

XIII Library Facili

t

i e s

.

.

.

. • . . . • . . . • • . • • . . • • • • • • . •

65

XIV Value of Laboratory Equipment

• • • . . • • . . . • • . • •

67

XV Enrollment in the El ementary Depar tment

• • . . • . •

67

XVI C omp ari son of Enr ollments and Non-Pr omo ti ons

• •

68

XVII Age- Grade Table - Elementary School

. • . . .

70

XVTirr Numb er of Pupils from C ontributing School s

• • . •

71

XIX Age -Grade Table - High School

. • . . . • . . • . • • . • • • •

71

XX Dai sy High School Enrollment by C l a s se s

• • • . . . •

72

XXI C omp ari son of Enrollment s and Non-Pr omo ti ons

in High

School

s

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

XXII C ompari son of Enrollment in Dai sy High School ,

iv

Table

Page

XXII I C urriculum Offered in High School

• . • • . . • . . . •

77

XXIV Oc cupati onal Grouping o f High School

Pupil s , 1929-1933

. . . . • . • •. •. • • • • . . . . •• • . •. . • . •

77

XXV Fact s Relative to Tran sp ortation

• • •. . . • . . . • .

78

XXVI Experience , Tenure , C er tificate , and

Train-ing of Teacher s

• •• •• . . • . . . • • . • • . • . . . • • • • . • • •

80

XXVII ·Membership in Teacher s' Organi z ations

• • • . . . •

83

xxv.oi Profe ssional Journal s Read by Te acher s in

the Dai sy

School

. . . 84

XXIX Pr ofe ssional Books Read by Teacher s in the

FIGURES

Figure

Page

1

Loca tion of Hamil ton C ounty

. • . . .

13

CHAPTER I

GENERAL STATEMENTS

I

N

TRODUCTI ON.

At the July,

192 2 ,

me e ting of the Board of Trus tees of the Univer s i ty of Tenne s see, Pr e si­ dent H . A . Morgan submi tted a plan for the

e s tabli shment of a Dep ar tment of Rural Educ ation in the Univer sity who se func ti ons should be: fir st , to s tudy int ensively rural school c ondi­ tions in the state ; second, to train te acher s for the rural school s ; third, to c ooperate with the s tate school authorities in every p o s sible way to make the work of the rural school s more 1 nearly mee t the needs of the rural communi ti e s .

It was in an effor t to fur ther thi s program that a survey of the Dai sy c ommuni ty was under taken. BurTeys have b e en made in several c ounti e s and c ommuni­ tie s in various par t s of the state, all of which have been in line with the p olicy outlined above . After a

care ful analysi s has been made of c onditi ons in the

count i e s ,. rec ommendati ons are made which are de signed to

effec t c onstruc tive change s in the s ocial , ec onomi c ,

ed-uoational , and r eligious life of that c ounty or c ommuni ty. The wri ter in thi s ins tanc e prop o se s t o take one step

further than has been taken by other s making surveys o f thi s nature ; he prop o s e s to show not only general c ondi -tions in the c ommunity, but also to show to what extent

the c ommunit1 i s supp or ting educ ati on , as evidenc ed by the amount of prop erty tax p aid to the c ounty and state by the c ommunity.

PROCEDURE .

The work of gathering data for thi s r eport wa s carried on by the wr iter without the a s si stance o f other per s ons . The informati on c ontained in thi s report was obtained through the following channel s: first, c on­ ferenc e s ; sec ond, que sti onnaire s ; third, study of c ounty rec ords ; fourth, per sonal inspe cti on of certain feature s

( such as determining size of clas srooms, acre age in

campus ) ; fifth, c areful examination o f school records in the offi c e of the Dai sy school and in the office of the c ounty superintendent ; sixth, reference to public ati ons of the state educati onal department .

Thi s report i s divided into four chapter s .

Chapter I, General Statement s , sets forth the introducti on, the purp o se , and the proc edure used in gathering data .

In order that the reader may have a reas onable under stand­ ing of the financial sy stem and the financ ial status of Hamilton County, of which Dai sy i s a p art, c ertain fe ature s relating to the financ i al system are pre sented in Chapter I . Chapter II , The Dai sy Community, sets f orth the soc i al , economi c , and religious c onditions in the community. Chap­ ter II I , The Dai sy School , pre sent s a rather detaile d

'.

All information relating to the financ ial s tatus and the financ ial sys tem of Hami l ton County was obtained , ei ther Terbally or in wri tten form , from the county audi tor and c ounty tax a s se s sor . The wri ter i s indebted t o the se official s for their c o operation in furni shing e ssenti al data .

3

The task of ascertaining the amount of tax p aid by the ci tizens of the Dai sy c ommuni ty was rather tedi ous .

Thi s wa s done by obtaining the name s of the taxp ayer s in the c ommuni ty, and then by c on sult!� the records in the offic e of the tax a s se s sor the writer wa s able to de termine the amount of tax p aid by each individual taxpayer . The amount of tax paid by the industries in the c ommunity

was al s o de termined by a s tudy of the tax a s s e s s or ' s book s . The school s of Hamil ton County receive annually for ty­

seven p er c ent of the general proper ty t ax dollar , which

i s

$1

.

41

per hundred dollar s yaluation . By totaling the �ount of prop erty tax paid by the Dai sy c ommuni ty and by c omputing the amount all ocated to school s, the writer was able to de termine the extent t o which the c ommuni ty i s supporting the loc al school.

Informati on rel ating to the Dai sy c ommuni ty was obtained through c onferenc e s and by the use of the que stionnaire . Very little written informati on relating to the development o f the c ommunity wa s available. For thi s re a son, it wa s found nec e s sary to depend �n a l arge measure on verbal informati on given by the re sidents of

Informati on rel ating to the Daisy school was obtained :

(1)

by use of the que sti onnaire;

(2)

by a c ar e ­

�ul s tudy of scho ol rec ords i n the offic e o f the local

school and from the offi ce of the county superintendent of school s;

(3)

by per sonal inspection of the school plant and pr emi se s. The teacher s in the Dai sy school were mo s t cooper ative in furniShing the nec e s sary information.

HAMILTON COUNTY.

In order that the r e ader may gain a reasonable under standing of the financ i al s tatus and financial sys tem

of Hami l t on eounty, of which the Dai sy c ommunity is a par t , c er tain feature s rel ating to the financial pha se of

the c ounty government ar e pre sented.

Tax rate. The property tax rate in that part of Hamil ton County lying out side the cor�orate limi t s of the c i ty of Chattanooga i s

$1

.

41

p er

$100

valuati on. The rate wi thin the c orporate l imit s i s

$1

.

31

p er

$100

valua­ tion. The distributi on of the tax dollar i s a s foll ow s:

State o f Tenne sse e • . . . .

$0

.08

Road tax. . . ... .

. 10

Pike tax. . . ...

. . . . . . . . . . . . .05

All c ounty purp o se s • . . • . . . . • .

1 . 18

Total .. . . . .

.

. ..

.

. . .. . . ..

$1

.

41

5

The di s tribution of the

$1 . 18

is a s follow s :

County purpose s • • • • . . .

$0

.

098 5

Inter e s t and sinking fund • • • • •

30

Elementary school s • • . . . • •

55

County high school s • • . . . •

11

Bonny Oaks Indus trial School.

. 0115

Ho spital s , sani tariums, and

charitable ins titutions • • • • • •

11

To tal • • • • • • • • �: • . • • . • • . • • . . • •

$1

.

18

County budge t. A casual perusal of the budget for Hamil ton C ounty will probably be suffic ient to im-pre s s up on the reader the fac t that the operation of the c ounty g overnment c all s for a relati vely l arge outlay annually. The budget for the c ounty i s given in Table ·

I , p age

6 .

Five items re lating to the general budge t will be tre ated briefly : fir st, property tax r e turn ;

sec ond, bonded indebtedne s s ; third, public and charitable

Source of Revenue

_-

_'

_Amount

Anticipatid

Revenue

�

Pr op erty tax

_{$1 , 750, 700.00}

C ounty court clerk {including exc ess fees}

100

, 060

.

00

C ircuit court clerk (including excess fe es)

7, 500.00

Crimi na l c ourt cl erk (including workhouse fines

and

costs and excess fees)

15

,

000

.

00

Clerk and mas ter of the chancery cour t {including excess fees)

184 , 400 . 00

Jus tice of peace

2 , 000. 00

C ounty r e,ister - excess fees

1 , 500.00

C ounty trustee - excess fees

34, 000.00

Sheriff - excess fees

15 , 000 . 00

Schools, from s tate

375 , 000 . 00

Poll tax (including penal ti es)

.

35

,

000

.

00

Sta te highway re imbursemen t board

43

,

000

.

00

All o ther sources

35

,

000

.

00

To tal

$��598

,

400

.

00

Less, for ci ty of Chattanooga schools

Balance for coun ty purposes

1 , 597 , 761 .31

1,000,638. 69

---Item er

�enditure

Amount

Buildings and grounds - general

Buildings and grounds - schools

Board of Heal th

Chanc ery court

C ircui t court

Criminal court

TABLE

I. ( c ontinued)

I,tem ot

Expe

n

;y!9r

&

,

Amount _,

I

C ounty hosp i tal

29

,

000

.

00

Public and chari table ins ti tution s: exc ep t buildings and grounds - general

186 , 760

.

00

Salarie s

38 , 400 . 00

Sheriff and jai l

40

,

000

.

00

El ementary scho ols

302 , 167 . 00

High schools

2251340. 00

Intere s t on bonds

371 , 614. 99

Addi ti on to sinking fund

107 , 000 .00

In tere s t on loans and di scounts on taxe s

40 , 000 . 00

Trustee's c ommi s sion

43 , 000. 00

Miscellane ous

39,845

.

00

To tal for c ounty purp o se s

$

l;�97�76l,3l

For

Gity

or Chattanooga

schools

1,000,638.69

a. Proper ty tax re turn. The e s timated amoun t of property tax for Hamil ton County for the fi scal year

1933-34

i s

$1 , 837 , 040 .

Of this amount,

$350 , 000

i s paid by public utiliti e s operating wi thin the limits of

the c ounty . The amount of the prop erty tax used by the c ounty i s

$1 , 750 , 000 .

The to tal a s se s sed valuation on taxable proper ty in Hami lton County i s

$111

,

507 , 750

.

The c ounty i s divided into four di stric t s . The fir st di s tric t c ompr i se s the city of Chattano oga; the ooc ond di stric t compr i s e s all the suburban area lying' out side the corp or ate limi t s of Chat ta­ nooga; the thir d di stric t c ompri se s that part of the c ounty lying t o the nor th of the Tenne s see River; the fourth di s­ tric t c ompr i se s the area formerly known as Jrume s County •

. The a s s e s sed valuation in e ach of the se di s tr i c t s i s a s foll ow s :

Fir s t di s tric t • . • • . • • . • . •

$ 92 , 220 , 460(

Sec ond di s tri c t . . .

4, 904 , 500

Third di stric t • •. . • . . . • . •

12 , 819 , 050

Fourth di s tric t. . .

1,563,950

To tal • • • • • . • • • . • . • . • • . . . •

$111 , 507 , 750

b . Bonded.indebtedne s s. The total bonded indebtedne s s of Hamil t on County i s

$8 , 007 , 500 .

The

in-ter e st on the se bonds for the fi scal year

1933-34

was

$

3

7

1 , 614

.

29

.

I t i s to be noted that the intere st on the se bonds i s the second l arge st i tem in the budge t , being

intere sting to no te that, wi th few exc eptions, the se are thirty year bonds. The intere s t rate on mo s t of the bonds i s

4 . 5

p er c ent.

c. Public and chari table ins ti tuti ons.

9

' '

I t will be noted that the e stimated exp ense for public and chari table in s ti tuti ons for the fi scal year

1933-34

is

$18 6 , �60 .

In order that the reader may know the

name s o f the se ins ti tuti ons and the amounts all oc ated

to them thi s information is pre sented bel ow.

Pine Breeze Sani tarium • • • • • • • . . . •

$ 44, 760 . 00

Erl anger Ho spi tal • • • • . . . • . . .

74

,

500

.

00

Bonny Oaks Indus tri al School • • • . •

1 6 , 000.00

Chattanooga Public Library • • • • • • •

17, 360 . 00

Vine Stre e t Orphans Home. . .

2 , 880 . 00

Humane Educati onal Society. . .

2

,

400

.

00

Florence Cri ttenden Home. . . . .. . . .

1 , 200 . 00

Ol d Ladi e s Home • • • . • • . . . • . • . .. • • Children' s Reftige • • . • . . . Anti-Tubercul o si s Associati on • . • •

960 . 00

800 . 00

900 . 0 0

Children' s Ho sp i tal . • • . . . . • • . . • . •

25,000 .00

'

$186 , J60.00

d. Salarie s. Remark s are fre.quently

heard in Hamil ton C ounty to the effec t tha t the salarie s of the c ounty official s are too high. I t will be noted that the e stimated expense for salari es of publ ic of­ fic ial s i s

$38 , 400 .

A l i st of the s e offi c i al s and the

County j udge

• • • • . . . • . . . •

$ 3

,

750

.

00

Chief clerk and purcha sing

agent ... . .

. . . . .

.

. . . .

. . 2 , 700 . 00

Clerk to county judge

• • • • • . • •

1 ,440 . 00

Chairman board of educa tion

• •

2 , 250.00

Superin tendent of educa ti on

• •

2 , 550 . 00

County at torney

• • • • • • . • . • . . . •

2 , 250 . 00

Clerk to superintendent of

education... 1 , 125 . 00

County physician

• • . • • • • • • . • . •

1 , 800

.

00

Tax a s s e s s or and clerks

• • • • • •

18 , 026 . 25

License inspector

• • • • . . . . • • . •

1

,

800

.

00

Chairman finance commi ttee

. ..

157 . 50

Four members finance commi ttee

315 . 00

Thr ee member s poor house

connni s sion ... .

236 . 25

Total

• • • . • • . • . . .

$38

,

400 . 00

e . School s . The source s and the amoun t

of funds allocated to the Hamilton C ounty school s for

the fi scal year

1933-34

are as follow s :

Elementary School s

E stimated receip t s :

Property tax, 55� per $100 val

-ua tion

• • . • . . . • . . . •

$822 , 805 . 00

From State of Tenne s see

• • . . . • •

333 , 000

.

00

Fl' om poll tax ..

. . . '·

35 , 000 . 00

Fl'om clerks of various courts . 112,000 . 69

$1, 302 , 805 . 69

Le ss city of Chattanooga school s

1,000,638 . 6 9

Balance for county elementary

County High School s Estimated receipt s :

11

Property tax ,

11¢

p er

$100

val-uation • • • • • . . • . • • . • • • • • • • • . . . . • •

$1

62

,

270.

00

From State of Tenne s see • • • . . . • • • •

42 , 000 . 00

From clerks of various c ourts • • • •

21,070.00

Total for county high school s • • • • . . . • •

$225 , 340 . 00

Under an agreement be twe en the county and city admini s trati ons the c ounty p ays to the city for city elementary scho ol s the sum of

$750, 000

annually, c on­ tingent upon c olle c ti ons by the c ounty government. That i s , the c ounty p ays to the city a per centage of the el­

ementary school fund c ollec ted by the c ounty, the amount not to exce ed

�750, 000 .

A little l e s s than

$500 , 000

was paid to the city during

1932-33.

It will be noted that , after the deduc ti on o f

$1

,

000

,

638

.

69

for city elementary school s , the county has a bal anc e of

$1

,

597

,

761

.

31

for· all county purpo se s.

I t will al so be noted that the county rural schools c o st

$527 , 507 . 00

during the fiscal year

1933-34.

In view of the fact that the county p ays to the c ity a large sum

for the supp or t of city elementary scho ol s sever al fac tor s are involved in de termining ac curately the ·percentage

cost of the rural school s of Hamil ton County.

$527

,

507

.

The school budge t for

1934-35

ha s not ye t been adop ted by the c ounty court; however , the budge t

pr op o sed by the county board of education i s pr e sented below.

El ementari High Total

General c ontrol

$

3 , 200 . 00

$

3 , 200 . 00

$

6 , 400 . 00

In struc ti onal servic e

270 , 830

.

00

186

,

159

.

46

456 , 990 . 00

Operation of school plant

11 , 880 . 00

8 , 965 . 00

20 , 845 . 00

Auxiliary agencie s

31 , 895 . 00

34, 465

.

00

6 6 , 450 . 00

Capital outlay

3 , 000

.

00

3 , 000 . 00

6

,

000

.

00

The teacher s were required to te ach nine months for eigh t and one half month& ' pay during

1933-34 .

The

lk Memph14

*-Nashville

Hamil to County

Figure

1 .

Location of Hamilton County.

�Knoxville

15

CHAPTER II

THE DAI SY COMMUNITY

SIZE AND LOCATION.

At the fo ot of Walden's Ridge , sixteen miles to the nor thwest of Chattanooga , is situate d the Daisy c ommunity. Twenty mil es to the nor th is Dayton, sc ene of the famous Scop es Evolution tri al. The present. limits of Daisy are the same as those de fined in

1880 .

The southern boundary is Chickamauga Creek ; the north­ ern boundary is the LoTelady cemetery. The distanc e between these two points is thre e miles. The c ommunity

occupies the entire width of a valley approximately a mile wide. To the west is Walden's Ridge , and to the east is a seri es of elevations lmown as 11The Ridt;es." TOP OGRAPHY.

The top ography of the entire c ommunity is rolling or hilly. The northern part of the c ommunity

is c onsiderably more hilly than the southern part . Four gulches interse ct the mountainous region to the west. The names of these gulc hes are :

(1 )

Chickamauga ,

(2 )

Binding ,

(3}

Little Daisy, and

(4)

Shadwick.

STREAM S.

Four streams fl ow through the c ommunity. They

are:

(1}

Binding stream,

(2}

Li ttle Daisy stream,

(3)

c ommuni ty ; Lit tle Dai sy stream flow s thr ough the north-. c entral p ar t of the c onnnuni ty ; Shadwick s tr·eam flows through the nor thern p ar t of the c ommuni ty ; Chickamauga creek flow s wewtward, marking the s outhern b oundary of the c ommunity. All of the se stream s have their head­ water s in Walden ' s Ridge , and all o f them flow we stward. Little Dai sy s tream, Binding stream, and Shadwick stream emp ty into Chickamauga cr e ek some dis tance to the east

of the Dai sy c ommunity. Chickamauga cre ek emp ti e s into

the Tenne s se e River a few mil e s to the south of Hixson, Tenne s se e.

WATER POWER.

None of the s tr e ams menti oned above i s sui table for private or c ommerc i al use. Chickamauga creek, the large st of the s tream s , has a c onsiderable volume of water during the spr ing and summer months , but i s dry during the fall and winter month s.

TIMBER .

Oak , pine , a sh , hickory, and che s tnut tree s are found in the c ommuni ty but not in sufficient quanti ti e s to jus tify saw.milling op erations. Several ye ar s ago the supply of de sirable timber was deple ted.

MINERALS.

C oal i s the only mineral found wi thin the limi t s o f the c ommuni ty; thi s mineral i s found in large quanti­

tie s. Thre e c o al mining c ompani e s are operating in the c ommuni ty at pre sent , two of which c arry on small-scale

Vi ew of Dai sy looking east

Ridge. CLAY.

I t i s for i t s fine c l ay that the Dai sy c om­ muni ty i s known . The clay obtainable in the Dai sy c om­ munity i s reputed to be of the fine st grade in the world. A s stated above, the pr oduc tion of quarry tile at Dai sy was the beginning of thi s indus try in the South . I t i s roughly e stima ted that the supply of clay in the Dai sy c ommuni ty will last several hundred year s at the pre sent

1

rate of produc tion.

A clay p i t

...

19

BRIDGE S.

Each of the four s treams mentioned above i s cro s sed by c oncre te bridge s built by the s tate highway depar tment. The c o s t of the se bridges was no t available.

All of them are in good shape.

RAILROADS.

Thre e mil e s of r ailway traver se ·the community.

The Cinc inn ati-New Orleans and Texas Pac ific Railroad, a branch of the Southern Railway system , i s the only one pas sing through the c ommunity. The r ai lway s tation i s

si tuate& on the we stern edge o f the c ommunity, in the se c ti on known a s Melville. Two loc al p a s s enger train s , six fast p a s senger trains , and a t least two l ocal fre ight trains pas s through the c ommuni ty daily .

ROADS.

The C inc innati-Lo okout Mountain Ai�line highway p a s se s through the c enter ot the communi ty. This .afford s thr ee mi le s ot concre te road in the c ommuni ty . There are several dir t r oads leading to point s outside the c ommuni ty, all of which are in good shape mo s t of the year. The

turnpike going over Walden ' s Ridge into Sequatchie Valley le ave s the highway one hundred yards south of the si te ot Poe ' s Tavern, the pre sent home of Mr. Ber t Poe . Two c o al comp anie s deliver coal over thi s road .

HI STORY.

In order that the reader may c ome t o an under­ standing of the economic lite of the Dai sy community , a

brief hi story of the c ommunity will be pre sented.

Al though there .i s s ome farming , Dai sy i s e s­

sentially an industrial co

mm

unity

.

A t least 95 per cent

of the people living in Dai sy are connec ted with an in­

dus trial enter

p

ris

e

.

Other than farming , ther e are three

industrie s op erating in the communi ty at pre sent . They

are : (1) clay products plants; (2) a comple te uni t hosiery

mill; (3) and coal

mi

ning

.

Under normal opera ting con­

diti ons , the pottery pl ant s employ approximately 285 men;

the ho siery mill employs 500 men and women; and the �ine s

employ appr oximately 100 men .

The s tar ting poin t of Dai sy was Poe ' s Tavern,

buil t in 1818 by

Mr.

Hasten Poe . · When Hamilton C ounty

was established in 1819 , Poe ' s Tavern was de signated as

the fir s t court house. Here the courts were held for

several year s . They were later removed to Dall a s , a ·nearby

communi ty . Poe ' s Tavern was si tuated at the foot of

Walden ' s Ridge , at a poin t where the Poe turnpike leading

into Sequa tchie Valley star t s up the mountain . I t was a

large two- story log house and was used as a stock s tand

for the ac commodati on of tr aveler s and stock dr iver s

through thi s sp ar sely se ttled region . The body of thi s

old house still s tands , though built over in 1911 by

Mr.

Ber t Poe, a great-great grandson of the fir st Hasten Poe .

2 . Arms trong, Zella , Hi story of HWMil ton County and Chat­

ano oga, Vol . 1 , p .

223.

21

Dai sy was known as P o e's Cro s sroads . In 1850 ,

the name was changed to Chickamauga

.

In 1872 , �w . Mel

Adams made a gift to the C incinnati and Southern Rail way

of a tract of land lying along the rai lway on condi ti on

that a s tation bearing hi� name be ere cted on the sp o t .

In 1878 , the name of the communi ty was changed from Chick­

amauga to Melville , a name s till applied locally to the

older secti on of the communi ty

.

A singul ar inci

�ent was

re sp onsibl e for changing the name of the communi ty fr om

Melville to Daisy in 1883

.

C olonel Thoma s Parks, one of

the operator s of the fir st coal mine in Dai sy, wi shed to

have the p o s toffice l ocated ne ar hi s pl ace or busine s s .

In deference t o hi s wi she s, the citizens o f the community

agreed to move the po s toffi ce to a p o si ti on at the he ad

o f Igou Lane . The name of the p o stoffi ce was then changed

to Dai sy in honor of Daisy Parks , Col onel Parks' daughter

.

The community has since been known as Dai sy .

From thi s p eriod until the pre sent time , the

hi story of Dai sy i s li ttle more than the story of the in­

dus trial development of the

c

ommuni ty

.

The firs t factor contributing to the indus trial

deve lopme nt of the community was the e stabli shment of the

Dai sy C o al C ompany, April 1 6 , 1881 . The member s of the

comp any were C olonel Thomas Parks

�

C olone l Jame s G .

c ompany continued to op erate until 1885 , at which time

the Tabler Kleudup C ompany wa s organ ized with a capi tal

stock of

$

400

,

000

.

The average ann ual output was 50 , 000

ton s of coal and 10 , 000 ton s of coke . In 1880 the comp any

3

employed 100 men and owned 700 acre s of land .

Clay produc t s manufacturing was the second

step in the industrial devel opmen t· of the community . The

tir s t clay produc ts plan t in the communi ty was owned and

oper ated by

Mr.

Jame s

w.

Ber

r

y

.

The pr oduc t made was

stonew are . In 1891 , the land and pr oper ty of Mr

.

Berry

were bough t by the Chattan ooga Pottery Company . The

pr oduc t made by thi s concern was stoneware. The Gh

atta-neoga Pottery Comp any was bought out by the Her ty

Turpentine Company in 1909 . Thi s c omp any manufac tured

turpen tine oup s only un til 1920 , at which time the manu­

f ac tur e of drain tiles was be

g

un

.

In 1922 , th e company

began the manufac ture of building tile s . At pre sent, th e

Herty Turpen tine Cup Company manufac ture s turpen tine

4

cup s , drain tile s , an d building tile s .

The third industrial en terpr i se , the Duque Rock

and Lime C omp any, began operation s in Dai sy in 1902 and

continued under thi s man agement until 1907 , at which time

the bus in e s s was taken over by

Mr.

William Orr .

Mr.

Orr

operated the plan t un til 1909 . It was th en taken over by

th e Fir st Nati onal Bank of Chattanooga

.

Mr.

Euc lid Water­

house an d son s bought th e plan t in 1909 and immediately

3 . Goodspeed Pub . C o . , Hi s tory of Tenne ssee , Vol . 1 ,

p .

899 .

began oper ations . They were handicapped by limi ted cap­

ital and were unable to op er ate the plant at a profi t .

Th i s was par tly because of keen competi tion and par tly

23

bec ause of the expen se s of operation . Hence , operati ons

ceased, and the machin ery was "junked" in 1913 . Pr obably

not more than $5 , 000 was inve s ted in the busine s s at any

time . The maximum number of employee s , mo s tly negroe s ,

was

six ty-five to

seventy�five .

The

semi-monthly payr oll

5

was

approximately

$2 , 500 .

A

third

clay pr oducts

comp any began operations

in Dai sy

in

1906

.

This was the

Pr ingle Turpentine

C omp any .

The pr oduct made was turpentine cup s

.

The Edwards C lay

Comp any se t up a plant and began operati ons in Dai sy in

1911; thi s comp any c ombined with the Pr ing�e Turpentine

6

Company in 1914 .

The last clay produc ts enterpri s e to be set up

in Dai sy was the Hood Brick and Tile Comp any . In 191 3 ,

Mr

.

B . Miflin Hood lea sed both plants of the Chattanooga

Pottery Comp any and employed Mr

.

Charle s L . Kreger to

supervi se the manufac ture of chemical clay produc ts . One

of the produc t s made was acid ring s , used in large quanti­

ti e s by the Federal Government during the World War. Mr

.

Wal ter Thoma s , superintendent of the Hood Brick and Tile

C ompany plants , devi sed a pa ttern for the se rings

.

In

1916 ,

Mr.

Hood bui l t a plant for the manufacture of

building tile , and in 1917 and in 1925 he purcha sed the

Pringle plants. The foll owing kinds of tile are manu­

fac tured by the Hood Brick and Tile C ompany: roofing ,

tl oor , wall , paving , landsc ap e , fire plate s , fire

proof-7

ing , fac e brick, and tower packing

.

The name of Mr

.

Charle s L . Kreger s tands out

prominently in the development of the clay indus try in

Dai sy.

To him i s due the cr edit for showing the po ssi­

bili ti e s in thi s indus try

.

The produc ti on of quarry ti le

at Dai sy was the beginning of this indus try in the South .

I t i s cl aimed that in no other communi ty in the United

State s i s so great a variety of clay produc ts manufac tured

.

At the pre sent rate of pr oduc tion, i t i s e stimated that

8

the supply of clay will la s t several hundr ed year s

.

A'branch of the Richmond Hosiery Mills of

Ro s sville , Georgia, was e stabli shed in Dai sy in 1919.

The first op eration� were c arried on in the OddFellow s

Hall with twenty knitting machine s. The maximum c apacity

of the mill was 150 dozen pair s of unfini shed· ho se per

day . ·At a later date , the machinery w a s moved to a brick

building on the pr e sent si te of the c ompl eted plant

.

By

the addition of a dye house and a fini shing room in 1931 ,

a c omplete unit was e s tabli shed

.

The pre sent capac i ty ot

the mill i s 3,000 dozen fini shed ho se per day

.

The

7 . Ibid.

pr oduc t s made are men ' s ho se , ladie s ' and infants '

9

ankl e t s , and infant s ' ho se .

Very little writ ten data relating t o the his tory of the Dai sy c ommunity was available ; in

con-sequenc e , i t was found nec e s sary to depend in a large

mea sure upon informati on furnished by the re sidents of

the c ommunity.

25

An accurate p opul ation figure was no t available ;

however , it is estimated that approximately fifteen hundr ed

people live within the limits of the Daisy c ommunity.

This e stimate checks with the population figure de termined

by a church surTey made several months ago.

RACIAL DESCENT.

Almo st the entire p opul ation is of ei ther Sc o tch­ Iri sh or Engli sh de scent . A few negroe s live on the out­ skirts of the c ommunity . There are no foreigner s in the c ommunity , nor are there any per sons living in the c ommun-i ty who se parent s came from a foreommun-ign c ountry.

M ORALITY.

There seems to be no uniform opinion c oncerning

the mor al tone of the communi ty as a whole. It i s the

general opinion that the moral tone among the non-industr i al

group i s good . I t i s , however , generally c onc eded that the mor al tone among the indus trial gr oup i s no t entirely de sirable . I t should be noted, however , tha t mor al de­ linquency exis ting among the industrial group i s c onfined

princip ally to the younger members o f that group. There i s

:rela11vel.y little mixing between the indus tri al and the non­

indus trial group

s

.

It i s a recogniz ed fact that liquor

can be ea sily obtained from boo tlegger s living wi thin

the community, and i t i s not infrequent that drunken

p er sons ar e seen on the s tre e t s. In vi ew of the condi­

ti ons de scribed above , the writer i s forced to the con­

clusion that the mor al tone of the communi ty as a whole

i s not ent irely whole some .

CHURC HES.

Six active churche s ar e in exi stence in the

community at pre sent . They are: {1� Bap ti st ;

{2)

Me thodi s t ;

{3) C ongregational ; {4) C hurch of God ; {5) Seventh Day

Adventi s t ; {6 ) Church of Chr i s t

.

All ·or the churche s

have sep arate Sunday school s ,

,

the member ship varying from

forty to 175 . At pre sen t , the Bap ti s t church ha s the

large st enroll ed member ship in Sunday school

.

Out of a

populati on of. approximately 1 , 500 , l e s s than 500 per sons

are contacted by the churche s or their auxiliarie s . In

thi s r.espect , at lea st, the churche s are no t mee ting the

spiri tual needs of the

c

ommuni ty

.

Sever al year s ago the Me thodi st church burne d,

and the member s of that chur ch have just compl eted the

building of a new church . I t i s an attractive frame

as-27

you

-

go plan in building Sunday school rooms to the rear

o� the pr e sent church building

.

The building of the se

rooms was begun dur ing the l at ter par t of 1933 , and it

is e stimated that the addi tion will be comple ted by July .

Each cla s s in the Sunday school and .each auxiliary of

the church pledged a specifi ed amount ot money each month,

the to tal pledges amounting to $100 per month . I t i s

e s timated that the completed addi ti on will co s t approx­

imately

$

BOO

.

The l ower par t of the aedi ti on i s so

arranged th at it may be used fo� social and other a s sem­

blie s . I t ha s a seating capac i ty of 150 .

It i s a regr e ttable fact that only two mini s ter s

live in the communi ty

.

There i s a great opportunity in

the Dai sy communi ty for wide-awake mini ster s .

Thre e of the churche s are paying stipulated

salarie s to their pa stor s , while three churche s give free ­

will offer ing s to their

p

astor s

.

The p a stor of the Bap ti s t

church i s no t an ordained mini s ter but a succe s sful

busi

­

ne ss

man

who preache s because he feel s called to do so .

C

ongrega-tional

Bap ti s t

Methodi s t

C hurch of

God

C hr i sti·an

Seven th

Day

AdTenti st

I • •

: Kembere : Attendance :

Ag

encie s

:

Bu

i

lding

:

Buil

d

in&

• •

C hri s tian

Ye s

Salary

62

40

40

Endeavor

Frame

Fair

No

Salar

y

150

75

75

B.Y.

P

.

U

.

Frmne

Good

w�

M. u.

Ye s

Salary

90

50

•o

Epworth

Frame

Go od

League

Ladie s'

Aid

Fre e-

50

35

50

Young

Ti le

Fair

No

wi ll

Pe ople's

offerint;

Endeavor

No

Free-

35

35

50

None

Frame

Fair

wi ll

offering

No

Fre e-

1'4

14

18

Dorcas

Frame

Fair

will

Society

offering

29

Bapti s t church

31

Church of God

Thre e of the churche s repor ted that they

are rendering social and c ivic service in the communi ty.

The Oongregati onal church sp onsor s the local Boy Scout troop and pr ovide s for a monthly s o cial for the young people of the church. Through the Ladie s ' Guild, the

Congr egational church i s ac tive in chari table work. The

Me thodist and Bap ti s t churche s are carrying on similar ac tivi ty.

The larger number of per s ons interviewed stated that the spiri tual needs of the c ommuni ty were

not being me t sati s fac tor ily, largely bec ause the churche s

c on tac ted so small a par t of the population.

HOMES.

In order that the re ader may gai n a better c on­ c ep ti on of the home s of the different social group s in

the c ommunity, the writer has sel e c ted from a group of p i c tur e s made recently tho se pictur e s which p ortray mo st

accur ately the physic al.c onditi ons of the home s repre sents.� tive of a given soci al group. The relatively large per­ c entage of home owner s among the indus tr ial group has been pointed out ;

90

per cent of the non-industrial

33

of the non- indu s trial group are furni shed with ele c tricity,

while approximately 30 per cent of the homes of the indus­

trial worker s ar e furni shed w i th elec tric i ty . The Tenn� s see

Light and Pow er Company furni she s elec tri c i ty

.

Both tile

manufac turing compani e s furni sh home s for those of the ir

employee s who do no t own home s; the Richmond Ho siery Mill

doe s not furni sh home s for any of its employ e e s exc ep t for

the loc al plant superintendent

.

The average monthly rental

on the ti le company house s i s five dollar s . When the Hood

Brick and Ti le Company employee s are not working

,

du e

either to lack of demand for labor or to illne s s , the rent

is allowed to accumulate . When the employee returns to

work, the amount of ren t du e the c omp any is deduc ted from

hi s wage s.

During the depre ssion, the Her ty Turpentine

Cup C ompany i s not demanding rent fr om its employees living

'

.

in company house s . Th e s e employees are re spon

�

�b�

�

·for

... ,•:::·

the upkeep of the hou se s they occupy dur ing tha:��i

_p

d in

.J •• •

which they pay no rent . Thi s i s an incentive to the

em-ployee to take care of the hou se he occupies . Water i s

furni shed to the Hood Brick and Tile C ompany hous e s fr om

a tank owned by the company . In a few instanc e s , water i s

piped into the house s , but in most ins tanee s one outside

spigot furniShe s water for several hou se s . Ne i ther the

Her ty Turpentine Cup

�

ompany nor the Richmond Hosiery Mi ll

furni shes water for its e

mp

loye e s

.

One or two well s or a

spring serve mo s t of the member s of thi s group

.

The Dai sy

Home of tile c ompany office worker

Home of a progre s s ive farmer

Home of the superintendent of the ho siery mill

37

the non-indus trial group are furni shed wi th private wa ter systems. The principal sourc�of the water supply are well s, ci stern s, and spr ings. Curiously enough, the prevalenc e of an adequa te water supply se ems to be a mat­ ter of sec ondary considerati on when locati onsfor home s ar e determined. Due p ar tly to the ab sence of a community water sys tem , there are relative ly few indoor toilets. All home s no t furni shed wi th indo or toile ts are pr ovided wi th sani tary outdoor toile ts of the type approved by the c ounty heal th dep artment.

HEALTH CONDITIONS.

He al th c ondi tions in the c ommuni ty are very favorable . The people exerci se reasonable c are as re­ gards sani tati on , ther eby preventing the development of di sea se s whi ch might ari se a s a re sul t of fil th . Exc ep t for occ a si onal epidemi c s , c ommunicable di sease s are rare in the communi ty. There have been no death s from the

mor e serious c ommunic able di sease s wi thin the last several ye ar s. The c ounty heal th dep artment reque s t s that all c a s e s of c ommuni cable di sease s be reported to the dep art­ ment at onc e. The dep ar tment then take s s tep s to prevent the spread of the di s e a se . At irregular interval s, in­

RECREATI ONAL AC TIVITY.

The re are at pre sent no regular forms of c om­ me rcial enter tainment i n the c ommunity . At infrequent

interval s , a play is pre sented by one of the c ivic organi­ zation s, or a musical program i s pre sented by s ome out side organi zati on. Two or thr e e unsuc c e s sful attemp t s have

be en made to ins ti tute mo tion p i c ture s a s a regular fe ature . The proximi ty of the Da i sy community to Cha t tanooga and

fir st-cl a s s the atre s was probably the pr inc ipal r e a s on for the failure of the mo t i on p i c tur e busin e s s at Dai sy.·

A

ch arge i s made for mo st of the programs put on by the school .

The young p e ople's auxi l i arie s o f the chur che s have soc ial s at irregul ar intervals. Many of the young p e ople, howe ver, have s tated tha t they c on s i der the

soc ial ac t i vi tie s sp on s or ed by the churche s a s inadequa te.

The ac tivi t i e s sp ons or e d by the school are di scus sed in Chap ter III.

PROFESSIONS.

TABLE II I. PHYSIC IANS IN DAISY

Da ta

Age

Me dic al c o l l ege attended

Da te of gr aduation Year s sp ent in Dai sy

Member ship in medic al soc i e t i e s Fee for r egular vi s i t s

:Dec tor • _• :Ri tchie

51

Chattanooga Medical C oll ege

1907

26

None Average

$3

.

00

39

Doctor Allan

45

Univer s-i ty of Al abama Med. Col

1912

15

C o unty and State Aver age

$3

.

00

Ther e are no o s te opaths or chir oprac tor s l iving

or prac ti c i ng in the communi ty.

Dent i s t s. No denti s t live s in the c ommuni ty , nor has one l ived in the c ommuni ty wi thin the pas t several ye ar s. In s everal ins tance s , denti s t s fr om surr ounding communi tie s have arranged to do den tal work i n the Dai sy

communi ty one or two days p er we ek. Non e of these denti st s ,

however , ha s prac ticed in the c ommuni ty for more than a

few months a t a time . At pre sent , a dent i s t from Spr i ng C i ty, Tenn e s s e e , comes to Dai sy each Thur sday to do dental work. Mo s t of the w ork of the se i tineran t denti s t s i s

c onfined to the indu s tr i al group.

No other profe s sion s are repre sented in the

INDUSTRIES .

Thre e maj or industries and one minor industry operate wi thin the communi ty. The three maj or industrie s are tile manufac turing , c oal mining , and ho si ery

manufac-turing. The minor indus try i s farming. Each of the se indus trie s will be di scus sed, and table s wi ll be pre sented showing imp ortant featur e s relating to these industrie s.

Tile manufacturing. Since a brief hi s tory of the develepment of the tile indus try has been given , no further hi s torical data will be offered here. There are

two c l ay produc t s plant s operating in the communi ty. A

s tudy ha s been made of each plant , and the informati on

10

gained will be pr e sented in fable IV.

TABLE IV. TILE MANUFACTURING IN DAISY Data

Capi talizati on of c omp any Amount inve s ted l oc ally Semi-monthly p ayroll 'Wage scale p er day

Per cent of worker s saving par t of their earning s Number of emp l oyees

Annual turnover of worker s Number of worker s owning home s

Amount of tax paid c ounty and

state bz cmnpan.z

:Hert'1 TUr- •

• :pen tine Co.:

$300 , 000

300, 0 00

1 , 500

$2

.

00-$3

.

00

10

- 50

60

5

p er cent

60

p er cent

$

509

.

71

Hood Brick and Tile Ce.

$500 ,000

225 , 000

7 , 000

$2

.

00-$3

.

00

25

-

75

215

5

per c ent

40

per c ent

$751.53

41

With the exc ep tion of the amoun t of county and

s tate tax paid by the ti le indus tries, the figures given

in Table

IV

are val id during normal times

.

During the

pr esent depr ess ion, howev er, a gr eat deviation from the

normal has occurred in the number of employees and the

amoun t of the payroll

s

.

For example, the present number

of employees of the Hood Brick and Tile C omp any is sev enty ;

the s emi-monthly payroll is $2,300 .

Brick kilns, Hood Br ick and Til e Company

C oal mining. Three coal mi ne s ar e operating in the c ommuni ty. Table V give s imp or tant data relating t o

11

the se c oal mines.

TABLE V. COAL MINING IN DAI SY

Data M11sap s : Skile s Mine : Mine

Amount of c ap i tal inve s ted

$14, 000 $5 , 000

Average number tons mined dai ly

Number of employe e s

Average daily wage o f miner Market value of coal mined

25

16

$3

.

50

15 .

10

$2

.

00

annually $

5 , 000 $5

,

000

Sale pric e per ton( delivered )

$3

.

40

$3

.

40

Amount of tax p aid c ounty

and state

$200

: Sunshine • • Coal Company

$75 , 000

100

60

$2 . 30

$

40

,

000

$3

.

40

#200

43

Hosiery manufac turing. Table

VI

gives impor tant

12

data relating to the hos iery indus try.

TABlE VI .

HOSIERY

MANUFAC TUR ING I N DAISY

Amount of capi tal inves ted locally

Number of employees

We ekly payroll

Wage scale per day

Value of produc ts produced annually

Percentage of workers living in Dai sy

Number of home-owners among employees

Appr oxima te annual turnover of workers

Amoun t of coun ty and s tate tax paid

Farmi ng. In view of the fac t that farming

plays a minor role in the industrial life of .the Dai sy

communi ty , the writer has not made a de tailed study of

all farming op erations . He has sel ee ted for study,

how-ever, a repre sentative cro s s- se ction of the farming

popu-lation . Of the total farming popupopu-lation, which i s very

small, eight farm owne r s, six tenant farmers, and two

reneer s have been sel ec ted as repre sentative of the

farm-ing popul ati on

.

In some instance s, tenant farmer s own

small farms themselve s . In several ins tance s, small farm

owners work part time in the mine s or at the tile plant

s

.

In the

m

ain

,

very few of those engaged in farming depend

up on this ac tivi ty solely a s a me ans of livelihood

.

I t

will b e noted from a s tudy o f the table s whi ch follow that

all farmi ng i s on a small scale .

13

a . Tenant farmer s

.

Contr ac tual

agree-ments between tenants and farm owners seem to be uniform

in the Dai sy community

.

The owner furni she s a house, land,

farming implement s, and fertilizer, and receive s one third

o� the crop ; the tenant furni she s the seeds and the labor

and re ceive s two thirds of the crop . The tenant farmer s

in the Dai sy c ommuni ty ar e mor e s table than the aver age

ten ant farmer . Thi s i s accounted for in part by the fac t

that some of the tenant farmer s own small farms themselve s,

45

while others work part t ime in the mine s or at the c lay

plant s

.

Part -t ime employment els ewhe re is hard to find

.

Of the s ix t enant farmer s interviewed

,

only one had been

l iving at his pres ent locat ion le s s than two ye ar s

.

The

gre at e s t length of t enure was thirty-five year s ; the

average length of t enure was ninet een ye ars

.

Four of the s ix t enant s int erviewed stated that

the y were satisfied with the ir pre s ent l iving condit ions

.

One s t at ed that he did not l ike to farm; that he preferred

to do pUb lic work

.

He was formerly employed by the

Southern Railway

.

The sixth t enant farme r s t ated that

he de s ired more fert ile l

a

nd

.

The la st -ment ioned t enant

did not us e commerc ial fert ilizer during the past farming

year

.

Three of the t enant s used stab le manure as the

only kind of fertilizer , while two of them used no fer­

t il izer .

Another t enant used $6

.

00 worth of commerc ial

fert ilizer

.

Four t enant farmers reported their land to

b e in fair condit ion; another report ed his land t o b e

in poor c ondit ion

,

while a s ixth report ed h i s l and t o b e

in good c ondition

.

None of t he t enant farmers had emp loye d any

definit e s ys t em of account ing

,

and

,

a s was true with the

farm

o

wner

s

,

few of the tenant farmers had any definit e

idea regarding their ne t profit s from farming

.

One tenant

farmer e st imat ed that his net profit s from farming were

$100 during the past farming ye ar ; another

,

$250

.

None

b. Rent ers. The e c onomi c s t at us of rent ers

in the Daisy c ommun_{ity is s ome what b ett er than that of}

the t enant f arme rs. One r ent er paid

$50

per year and the s e c ond rent e r paid

$75

per year for rent. The length of t enure was two and thre e year s, respect ively. Ne ithe r of them was s at isf ied with his living condit i ons. One report ­

ed that he want ed a b et t er hous e , b etter fence s , an orchard and a p ast ure. The other rent er st ated that he

was not making enough net �ofit on his farm produc t s t o meet his ne eds. This was part ly due t o the low marke t price on farm product s. One rent er spent

$10

and the

s e c ond r ente r spent

$15

for c ommercial fert ilizer during the pa s t f arming ye ar. Ne ither of them was able t o a s ­ c ert ain acc urat e ly the amount of net prof it o n hi s farm product s. One rent er e s timat ed that the c ash value of

all hi s farm product s was

$120;

the s e cond r ent er e s t imat ed that t he c ash value of his farm product s was

$1

5

0

.

Both r ent er s had othe r s our c e s of inc ome. One of them drove a

s chool bus , for which he rece ived an annual s alary of

$670

.

He owned the b us. He e s t imat ed that hi s t ot al in­ c ome wa s

$

790

.

The s e c ond r ent er e st imat ed that he had e arne d appr oximat e ly

$100

dur ing the past f arming ye ar working at c ommon labor j ob s . His t o t al annual inc ome,

acc ording t o hi s e s t imat e,was

$250

.