Anatoli A. Kharlampiev’s
SAMBO WRESTLING
— Published by Physical Culture and Sports, 1949. — 182 pages. Editor B.M. Chesnokov
Technical Editor B.G. Tyapkin
2nd printing house «The Printed Court Yard » A.M. Glavpoligrafizadata at the Ministerial Council of the USSR. Leningrad, Gatchinsdaya, 26.
Chapter 1
The Basic Techniques of SAMBO Wrestling*
1The ploys used in SAMBO wrestling are techniques proven by science. In one case, it is expedient to use the body’s leverage while in another case it is more expedient to use the laws of motion
dictated by the various parts of the human body. In a third case, achieving lightning quick motions by means of additive speed, etc, is used while in all cases of SAMBO wrestling, success depends not upon casually finding a successful ploy, but from the correct analysis of the movements of the human body.
In this given effort, let us dwell on only the most essential bases and features for the techniques for throwing, hold downs, and
submission ploys that are known to allow the wrestler to realize improvement through the effort of studying these ploys.
In SAMBO, each throw must end with a fall. Naturally, the samboist who is thrown must soften his fall to the mat. If not, SAMBO wrestling would be painful, and the samboist would be discouraged from mastering the techniques in each ploy. Therefore, in SAMBO wrestling, the samboist must learn self-protection when falling to mitigate the basic energy of the throw. This mitigation when falling consists of:
a) A rolling motion by means of which the falling body instead of striking the mat directly makes a softer landing by somersaulting;
b) As consecutive parts of the body contact the mat, instead of an immediate lump sum impact of the body onto the mat from the fall, the samboist pushes against the mat by striking to mitigate the impact of the fall.
All of the opponent’s throwing ability is based on the principles of unbalancing the samboist’s body. Stability depends upon retaining a firm base to support the wrestler (up to his known limit); after that, this base cannot support the wrestler who then becomes less stable and steady in his balance.
By analyzing a samboist’s stance, it is easy to determine at what times that he is stable on two legs while moving on the mat, which also means by necessarily that he must share this two-legged stability with slight instances when he is only balanced on one leg due to his movement. The area of his support during such instants sharply decreases, and thus, creates the most favorable moments to carry out a throw.
If when in standing wrestling, a samboist senses his opponent’s lines of force, the samboist can lead his opponent into a position of false stability. For example, if the opponent is pressing into the samboist, then he has forced his body’s center of gravity into the forward portion of his base. If the opponent pulls the samboist, then his body’s center of gravity shifts toward the rear portion of his base.
1
In another case, the samboist’s resistance will cause the opponent to actively preserve his own stability. From here, it is clear, that in both cases the samboist must apply his throw in the direction that his opponent’s attack has shifted the opponent’s body weight.
Hence, the samboist can impact both his own and his opponent’s stability by: 1) Reducing the time required to find the smallest area for a base,
2) Moving the base area toward a specific direction through jerking and pushing the opponent. The samboist must whenever possible be in an upright stance with a good sense of body position.
The bent stance has three simultaneous deficiencies:
1) Due to the significant forward leaning of the upper part of the samboist’s body, the base of the samboist is also shifted forward;
2) To preserve balance from this position, the samboist is forced to keep the lower part of his body toward the rear edge of his base;
3) The pelvis and belt areas of the opponent are removed from easy access which practically ends the opportunity to attack with the legs or the opponent’s legs.
Tactically, the conclusion from this is that the bent stance is almost defenseless against throws in different directions (especially forward throws) and very unprofitable for offense as it virtually eliminates the various throws that would use the attacker’s legs against his opponent’s legs.
To substantiate any throw, it is necessary to reveal first of all that principle on which a throw is based. For example, all stepping throws are constructed on the discrepancy between the opponent’s supporting base with the displacement of his body’s center of gravity. While his body may not move in any direction, the shift in his center of gravity over his base (in this case, his legs) is blocked, so that he cannot correct his discrepancy, and the opponent falls.
The samboist must always be able to exploit the principle of additive speed of motion to various body parts made in any one direction.
For example, in the front sweeping throw, the samboist must very quickly jerk upon his opponent’s sleeves. The required jerking motion must be made in the direction:
1) Toward the arms bent at the elbow joint;
2) Into the straighten shoulder joint (set to the rear of the arm); 3) With the body rotating to the side of the jerking motion.
If all three motions are executed simultaneously, the speed of motion for the gripping hand will consist of the sum of speeds of motions of the body, the shoulder, and the forearm. In standing wrestling, strong execution of any pull can be increased by adding the samboist’s power to that of his opponent so that they are both applied in one direction.
So, if the opponent strongly pushes the samboist away from him, it is possible for the samboist to pull simultaneously with his opponent’s push so that his opponent is drawn toward and to the samboist’s side. If the samboist quickly increases his pull that increases his opponent’s push, so that the samboist’s effort is added to his opponent’s effort increasing the effectiveness beyond only the power that the samboist could have generated on his own.
Correctly exploiting body leverage provides the standing wrestler a huge advantage in overcoming his opponent’s strength and power.
Let's imagine two samboists who are standing in relation to each other in the characteristic position for beginning the rear stepping throw. Both of their forces are counterbalanced, and neither wrestler can knock the other to the mat. This occurs not only because their power is equal, but additionally the leverage at their shoulders is defined by the distance between such items as the leg positions and arm grips for both samboists.
If the first samboist sharply increases his shoulder leverage by dropping to the knee of his supporting leg (leaving his left grip at the same height), the second samboist is immediately dumped onto the ground.
In standing wrestling, the samboist must use body weight to increase the power in his ploys. So, if the sweeping throw does not take the opponent from the mat, the samboist can augment the power of the throw by falling and turning into the mat. This "injection" of his body weight into the throwing ploy has only one deficiency – when applying the same throw using body weight, it will be very difficult for the samboist to remain on his feet.
If his opponent possesses greater power, but reacts slower than the samboist, the samboist must overcome his opponent’s strength in parts. Practically, this is accomplished in standing wrestling by applying two consecutive throws in one direction. If the opponent reacts faster than the samboist, the samboist must exploit his opponent’s reflexive movements and apply combinations of at least two throws in various directions.
If the samboist is on top in par terre wrestling, he must always exploit his body weight. By the same token, if he finds himself on bottom, he must work to disrupt his opponent’s balance, so that when the opponent leans on the samboist, he is led into a false sense of stability from which he can be acted against.
Hold downs occur when the opponent’s back is pressed to the ground, and this requires that the samboist’s body weight be correctly applied. The drawn out opponent can be held, firstly, by correctly setting part of the samboist’s body weight on him, and secondly, by the direct application of strength.
In par terre wrestling, strength that is applied during a submission ploy can rapidly increase the application of the samboist’s various levers. Hyper extending the elbow joint is accomplished by turning the opponent’s arm either inward or outward. When the attacked arm is rotated outward, the lever of the first type is first applied to bring the lever fulcrum under the attacked elbow.
The Achilles tendon crush when applied also uses a lever of the first sort with the fulcrum set under the Achilles tendon.
When the arm is turned inward for the elbow lever to hyper extend the elbow joint, a lever of the second type is applied. The influence on the elbow joint is applied with any part of the samboist’s body that is above the joint.
All knot submission holds are applied using levers of the third sort.
In addition to applied levers to strengthen submission ploys that act on the opponent’s arms or legs where the influence is immediate, the samboist must use his arms and legs in combinations such as two hands and a leg, a hand and two legs, hands and legs, etc.
Wrestling with quicker motions is really the sambists’ quickness being defined in relation to the speed of his motions as they relate to the speed of his opponent’s motions. If the samboist manages to control the opponent’s movements, so that the opponent’s motions become “slower” because the samboist gets there first, then the samboist has gained the advantage in speed.
This is relatively easy to apply in par terre wrestling. Parts of the human body that are arranged far from the body (forearm and hand, shin and foot), possess their own degrees of freedom, and also degrees of freedom in relation to those body parts that are closer to the body (shoulder or hip), and also the closer parts have lesser degrees of freedom than do those parts that are further from the body.
Practically speaking, the hand and foot have sufficient degrees of freedom to move in their space. To catch such freely moving body parts with a ploy is very difficult. In this case, the samboist must by increments restrict his opponent’s degrees of freedom for the parts that he wished to attack until they are manageable.
First, the samboist should limit the mobility of his opponent’s body (retention), then the shoulder and only after this occurs should he begin to easily grip the intended forearm that in this position has very limited amplitude in its motion and entirely insignificant speed.
When applying submission ploys, the samboist must choose a direction to apply his force that depends on what force and resistance is provided by opponent, so that the samboist can intercept to the inside as his opponent resists by turning inside, i.e. if his opponent’s arm is straight, it will be easier to turn that arm outside against a relatively weak muscle group. On the contrary, for the same reasons, if the arm is bent at the elbow, it is easier to rotate the opponent’s forearm outward while to the inside is more difficult.
In practice, we quite often see what only the best wrestlers who have perfectly grasped the principles of the techniques within the ploys understand —that even one’s favorite ploys will be hard to obtain against certain wrestlers. This says that in sambo-wrestling there is a style suited to each person’s constitution because a certain constitution may facilitate or even bar certain ploys from the wrestler’s repertoire. For example, when the samboist has a short torso but long legs, his most favorable fighting
range is likely to be the longer range. His best ploys in this case (based on strong legs) will be the throw across the head from standing, and from par terre, any possible series of levers to the arms that are assisted by his legs.
But to such a wrestler most often when wrestling from standing, he should be very careful with leg grips. On the other hand, if the samboist has a long body with short legs, he should prefer the nearer ranges and would find that his most convenient ploys would be the throws across the hip or back.
Sweeping throws, depending on the wrestler’s height, must be adjusted to be applied higher or lower to contact the area around the knee joint.
In both cases, attention must be paid to analyzing what is more favorable to adapt the positioning to obtain the best leverage in relationship to the length of the samboist’s legs to his opponent’s legs.
Chapter II
TECHNIQUES OF SAMBO WRESTLING
SAFETY AND SELF-PROTECTION
In order to prevent painful bruises, strains, sprains, or any injuries in sambo-wrestling, special means for the safety of the partner and the samboist are applied: self-protection. Those tasked to train in sambo-wrestling do so by observing the training methodology and the rules for competitions serves this purpose as well.
The means for self-protection in par terre wrestling consist in the appropriate manipulation of the opponent’s muscles in his arms and legs as the samboist grips his opponent to apply pain. Such resistance in this case depends on the power orientation of the partner. However, categorically, the ploy is applied unexpectedly against the
opponent’s weakened limb. In this case, when the opponent finds himself in a submission hold that he cannot escape, he signals his submission verbally or slaps his opponent’s body to signal his submission. Upon receiving this signal, his attacker must immediately release his hold. At the same time, self-protection in applying his submission holds correctly with calculated technical and power opportunities to address the level of resistance in applying his ploys on another wrestler.
When throwing from standing is executed, so that the attacker also falls onto the mat, self-protection for the partners consists in falling in a direction where the body can turn to dissipate the impact from landing.
When throwing so that the attacker remains standing, the samboist mitigates the impact of his opponent’s landing by pulling upward on his opponent’s uniform, and sometimes by moving the opponent in a direction where he may roll with the landing.
Self-protection consists also of lessening the height of the fall from standing and the skills to do so required specialized study to develop.
At falling, it is first necessary to take care to not fall onto the opponent, "or" that your opponent does not fall onto you. Further, it is necessary to begin to learn to fall on the mat by receiving only a half hearted push, and the falling partner must be coached to not tray to brace his hands on the mat to break his body’s fall.
To study and develop a skill in falling follows a path of deliberate and specialized exercises to learn to fall in sambo-wrestling using the following defined processes.
Grouping
a) Sit on the mat, in a position with the legs enwrapped by the arms and the chin tucked into the chest. Bend the knees and shift to the back, so as to roll from the buttocks to the shoulders and back to the starting position. If the body grouping is performed correctly the roll is done slowly and without great effort.
b) Take up a half squatting position and wrap the arms around the legs and sit back to perform the same roll. When performing this exercise, sit down on the mat as closely as possible to the heels.
c) Assume a basic stance and from a full squat wrap the arms around the legs and in time with this motion roll onto the shoulders and back up to sit on the mat.
Arm Position when Falling onto the Back
Start with the back on the mat, and the chin is tucked into the chest. Extend the arms upward and drop them to strongly strike the mat. In the moment of striking, the arms must be set, so that the palms are facing downward into the mat. The body and the arms should form anangle of 45-50 degrees.
Falling On the Back with a Half Roll
a) From a sitting position. Sit on the mat with the arms extended forward, and the chin is tucked into t he chest. Roll onto the rounded back and without changing the position of the grouping, as soon as the shoulder blades contact the mat, as described above, strike the mat with the arms and hands (Figure 1).
a r m s h e l d s t r a i g h t a n d c h i n t u c k e d i n t o t h e c h e s t . sit on the mat as close as possible to the hee
finish the fall with the arms striking the mat c ) F r o m a b a s i c s t a n c e ,
s t r a i g h t a n d t h e c h i n p r e s s e d i n t o t h e c h e s t to a half squat, and then, sit down onto them without stopping the motion mat with the arms.
Limb Posit
Reclining on the right side braced on the mat near the right knee
The left knee is raised as high as possible, and the right knee is on the mat right arm is positioned on the mat with the palm downward
arms must be set at an angle of
To learn to adopt this final position side.
Sit on the mat. Draw the legs in and press the the arms forward. Shift the body’s weight over the
buttock up to the shoulder and return to the sitting position Repeat the same roll but to the left
a r m s h e l d s t r a i g h t a n d c h i n t u c k e d i n t o t h e c h e s t .
sit on the mat as close as possible to the heels and without stopping the motion, roll onto the back and finish the fall with the arms striking the mat.
c ) F r o m a b a s i c s t a n c e , r i s e i n t o a b a s i c s t a n c e w i t h t h e a r m s s t r a i g h t a n d t h e c h i n p r e s s e d i n t o t h e c h e s t ". From this position
to a half squat, and then, sit down onto them without stopping the motion. Complete the fall by striking the
Limb Position when Falling on the Side
Reclining on the right side. The right leg, bent at the knee, is drawn to the chest
braced on the mat near the right knee. The body is bent forward, and the chin is pressed into the chest raised as high as possible, and the right knee is on the mat
right arm is positioned on the mat with the palm downward. The relat ion of t he body t o t he arms must be s et at an angle of 45 -5О°. The left arm is raised upward (Figure 2).
Figure 1 Completion of Falling onto the Back
Figure 2 Completion of Falling onto the Side
final position when falling sideways, it is necessary to train for both the
Rolling on the Side
the legs in and press the chin to the chest, round the back, and extend the arms forward. Shift the body’s weight over the right buttock and roll onto the right
the shoulder and return to the sitting position. the same roll but to the left side.
Falling on the Side
a r m s h e l d s t r a i g h t a n d c h i n t u c k e d i n t o t h e c h e s t . From this position, ion, roll onto the back and
r i s e i n t o a b a s i c s t a n c e w i t h t h e a r m s From this position, transition Complete the fall by striking the
The right leg, bent at the knee, is drawn to the chest. The left leg is The body is bent forward, and the chin is pressed into the chest. raised as high as possible, and the right knee is on the mat. The straightened
he relat ion of t he body t o t he The left arm is raised upward (Figure 2).
to train for both the right and left a
the chest, round the back, and extend roll onto the right side from the
a) From the sitting position. the right buttock and roll onto the
edge of the right shoulder contacts the mat, strongly strike the mat with straightened edge of the right hand and complete the fall onto the right side to end in the same position
b ) F r o m a s e m i - s q u a t t i n g p o s i t i o n into the chest and the arms extended forward
rightbuttock as close as possible side. Finish falling onto the right a
c ) F r o m t h e b a s i c s t a n d i n g p o s i t i o n . extended forward, and the chin tucked into the chest
squat, and then, sit onto the mat on
fall onto the right side as was done in the previous exercise
The analogous ex ercises t o “a”, “b”, and “c” woul d be ex ecut in g t he same t o t he left s ide.
Rolling from One Side to
Lie on the right side (see Figure
from the mat as the body rolls to its back into a position that reclines on the left side Ensure the correctness of
and right leg to roll onto the right side speed.
F a l l i n g o v e r a S t i c k o n t o t h e S i d e
A partner holds a stick with both hands as sh contact his collar bone. Back up to the stick,
remains on the mat. The left knee crook bends over the stick as the right hand grips the stick cl right thigh.
The left arm is extended forward, the chin is tucked into the chest is rounded, the right hand firmly grasps the stick, as the body sits to the
heel, so that the body falls around the stick at the left knee crook
left arm must within the falling motion be prepared to slap the mat as the back contacts the ground. The left hand strikes the mat with the arm straightened and the palm facing the mat
In last moment before hitting the mat, stick to soften the fall.
To fall to on the mat, it is necessary
. Sit on the mat was previously specified. Shift the body weight onto to the right in the direction of the right shoulder. As soon as the bottom shoulder contacts the mat, strongly strike the mat with straightened edge of the right hand and complete the fall onto the right side to end in the same position
s q u a t t i n g p o s i t i o n . Adopt a full squat with the chin tucked into the chest and the arms extended forward. From this position, sit on the mat with the
possible to the right heel, and without stopping this motion, roll onto the right as was specified above.
c ) F r o m t h e b a s i c s t a n d i n g p o s i t i o n . Rise up in the basic stance with eh arms extended forward, and the chin tucked into the chest. From this position, correctly transition to the half squat, and then, sit onto the mat on the right buttock, and without stopping this sitting motion, end with a fall onto the right side as was done in the previous exercise.
The analogous ex ercises t o “a”, “b”, and “c” woul d be ex ecut in g t he same t o t he left
Rolling from One Side to Another
see Figure 2). From this position, the right arm and left leg from the mat as the body rolls to its back into a position that reclines on the left side
correctness of the position on left side, and push off of the mat to roll with the left arm and right leg to roll onto the right side. These rolls onto each side must gradually increase in execution
F a l l i n g o v e r a S t i c k o n t o t h e S i d e
A partner holds a stick with both hands as shown in Figure 3. Ensure that the
Back up to the stick, so that right side of the body can raise up while the left side knee crook bends over the stick as the right hand grips the stick cl
Figure 3 Starting Position for the Fall over the Stick
The left arm is extended forward, the chin is tucked into the chest (
is rounded, the right hand firmly grasps the stick, as the body sits to the other side of the stick close to the heel, so that the body falls around the stick at the left knee crook. As soon as the fall is defined, the left arm must within the falling motion be prepared to slap the mat as the back contacts the
hand strikes the mat with the arm straightened and the palm facing the mat moment before hitting the mat, it is necessary for the right hand to draw on the
it is necessary to adopt the final position for falling onto the Shift the body weight onto
. As soon as the bottom shoulder contacts the mat, strongly strike the mat with straightened edge of the right hand and complete the fall onto the right side to end in the same position (see Figure 2).
dopt a full squat with the chin tucked , sit on the mat with the
this motion, roll onto the Rise up in the basic stance with eh arms From this position, correctly transition to the half the right buttock, and without stopping this sitting motion, end with a The analo gous ex er cises t o “a”, “b”, and “c” would be ex ec ut in g t he same t o t he left
From this position, the right arm and left leg strongly drive from the mat as the body rolls to its back into a position that reclines on the left side.
and push off of the mat to roll with the left arm must gradually increase in execution
F a l l i n g o v e r a S t i c k o n t o t h e S i d e
Ensure that the stick does not side of the body can raise up while the left side knee crook bends over the stick as the right hand grips the stick close to the
(see Figure 3), the back other side of the stick close to the As soon as the fall is defined, the left arm must within the falling motion be prepared to slap the mat as the back contacts the
hand strikes the mat with the arm straightened and the palm facing the mat. for the right hand to draw on the
side (see Figure 6). To fall over the S i t d o w n w i th ou t p la n t in g th e k ne e s , a nd s e t t he p a l ms o n th e ha n ds o n to th e ma t w i th t h e c h i n p re s s ed i nt o t he c h e st w i th th e b a c k s t ro ng l y b e n t p us h o f f o n t h e le g s an d l e a ns t he b a c k of th e he a d m a t. Ha v i n g b e ga n th e ro l l us i ng th e to e s t o p us h , ro l l f o rw a rd a n d o v e r th e b ac k e ns u r i n g th a t t h e b ac k is n o t s tr a ig h t e ne d . D u r i n g
d u r i n g t h e r o l l , t o s t an d u p r e q u i re s g ras p i n g t h e s h i ns w ith th e h an d s wh i l e the h e e l s a re p res s e d in t o t h e bu tt oc k s .
Rise up on the right knee and set the a palm along the mat, so that the right hand mat. The head moves toward the left shoulder.
leg to begin to roll onto the back with the right shoulder directed toward the left buttock. Complete the somersault with a strong strike on the ma
over the stick on the left side, the fall must be over the right
Somersaulting
S i t d o w n w i th o u t p la n t in g th e k ne e s, a nd s e t t he p a l ms o n th e h a n ds o n to th e ma t w i th c h es t w i t h th e b a c k s t ro ng l y b e nt . W it ho u t s t ra ig h te n i n g p us h o f f o n t h e le g s an d l e a ns t he b a ck o f th e he a d st ron g l y l ea n in g do wn w a r d b e ga n th e ro l l us in g th e to es t o pu s h , ro l l f o rw a rd a nd o v e r th e ba c k e ns u r i n g th a t n o t s tr a ig h t e ne d . D u r i ng , t h e so me rs au l t o n th e m at , t h e l e g s re m a i n b e n t; h o we v e r, d u r i ng t h e r o l l , to s ta n d up re q u i re s g r as p i n g t h e sh i n s w ith th e h an d s wh i le t he h e e l s a r eSomersaulting on the Diagonal
Figure 4 Somersaulting on the Diagonal
knee and set the palms on the mat as shown in Figure 4. From this position, sliding right hand and arm moves between the legs and set the
the left shoulder. The chin tucks into the chest. Use the left leg to to begin to roll onto the back with the right shoulder directed toward the left buttock. Complete the somersault with a strong strike on the mat by the left hand and adopt the position for falling onto the left side
Somersaulting over a Stick onto the Side
Figure 5
, the fall must be over the right side. S i t d ow n w it h o u t p la n t in g th e k n e e s, an d s e t th e p a l ms on t he h a nd s o n t o t he ma t w i t h W ith o ut s t ra ig h t en in g th e b ac k , d o wn w a r d to c on ta c t th e b e ga n th e ro l l u s in g th e to es t o pu s h, ro l l f o rw a rd an d o v e r the b a c k en s ur i n g tha t , t he s o me rs au l t on t h e ma t , t h e l e gs re ma i n b e nt ; h o w ev e r, d u r i ng t h e r o l l , to s ta n d up re q u i re s g ra s p i n g t he s h i n s w i th th e ha n ds w h i le th e h ee ls a re
as shown in Figure 4. From this position, sliding set the right shoulder on the Use the left leg to start the roll left to begin to roll onto the back with the right shoulder directed toward the left buttock. Complete the
t by the left hand and adopt the position for falling onto the left side.
The partner holds the stick with both hands as shown in Figure bone.
Stand facing the stick so that the upper facing side of the stick is to the left of the body to permit a right side fall The upper part of the right thigh contacts the stick, and the right hand grips the stick close to where the stick contacts the left thigh. The left arm is extended forward and the chin is tucked into the chest
Bend the back, and retain a strong grip on the stick with the both legs, so that the head is followed by the
on the left side, so that the left hand must strike the mat. During the slap, the left arm is straightened with the palm turned downward. The right arm continues to draw on the stick as
side (Figure 6).
Similarly, somersaulting over the stick to the left side is accomplished in equal numbers to falling over the right side.
When falling in place with the oppon
this technique, the samboist must ensure that only his hands, stomach, and toes contact the mat, and most certainly not his face. He does so by assuming a position where he brace
a) F r o m a p o s i t i o n o n t h e k n e e s .
with the palms down. Without bending the arms or the body, fall forward. As soon as the palms contact the mat, brace the bent elbows
allowing the body to contact the ground
b ) F r o m th e b a s ic s ta nc e , r is e up i n th e s ta n c e w i t h t h e a r ms e xt e nd e d p a l m s f a c in g downward. Without bending the
above.
c ) F r o m t h e b a s i c s t a n c e w i t h a t u r n lower on the body. Holding the body erect,
angle in relation to the mat, sharply pivot the body to the left to complete the fall with the arms mitigating the impact. Execute the same fall with the pivoting being executed to the right
Assume the half squatting position with the palms facing downward. Slightly throw mat. The hands should contact the mat
softened before the body continues the rotation onto the back
chin pressed into the chest. The legs remain in place with being strongly bent
The right hand grips a comrade’s on the inside of the wrist, the comrade returns the same grip for the samboist. rise up together facing in the same direction. The left arm is extended forward with the palm facing downward. Jumping over the locked hands, the same jump is executed as in the somersault over the stick (see Figure
Figure 6
The partner holds the stick with both hands as shown in Figure 5, so that the stick does not touch his collar Stand facing the stick so that the upper facing side of the stick is to the left of the body to permit a right side fall The upper part of the right thigh contacts the stick, and the right hand grips the stick close to where the stick contacts
arm is extended forward and the chin is tucked into the chest (see Figure 5).
the back, and retain a strong grip on the stick with the right hand, make a start to push off of the mat with is followed by the heels over the stick. Ensure that the falling body is positioned to land on the left side, so that the left hand must strike the mat. During the slap, the left arm is straightened with the palm turned downward. The right arm continues to draw on the stick as it did in the final position for falling onto the left
, somersaulting over the stick to the left side is accomplished in equal numbers to falling over the right
Falling onto the Hands
When falling in place with the opponent, samboist may have to use his hands to mitigate his fall. When applying ist must ensure that only his hands, stomach, and toes contact the mat, and most certainly not his face. He does so by assuming a position where he braces on his arms or hands on the mat
F r o m a p o s i t i o n o n t h e k n e e s . Rise up onto the knees to move the arms forward with the palms down. Without bending the arms or the body, fall forward. As soon as the palms contact the mat, brace the bent elbows softening the fall, and let the body fall with allowing the body to contact the ground.
F ro m t he b a s ic s ta nc e , r i s e up i n t he s ta n c e w i t h t h e a r ms e xt e nd e d
bending the body, fall forward and mitigate the fall using the hands as described F r o m t h e b a s i c s t a n c e w i t h a t u r n . Rise up in the basic stance with the arms held
body erect, begin falling toward the back, and as soon as the body attains a 60 degree relation to the mat, sharply pivot the body to the left to complete the fall with the arms mitigating the impact. Execute the same fall with the pivoting being executed to the right.
Jumping Fall onto the Shoulders
Assume the half squatting position with the chin tucked into the chest, and the arms extended forward with Slightly throw the legs upwards and quickly make a strong strike with the hands tact the mat first, and then, the shoulders should contact the mat with the fall already softened before the body continues the rotation onto the back. The head during the entire fall
chin pressed into the chest. The legs remain in place with being strongly bent.
Aerial Somersault
grips a comrade’s on the inside of the wrist, the comrade returns the same grip for the samboist. up together facing in the same direction. The left arm is extended forward with the palm facing downward. Jumping
the locked hands, the same jump is executed as in the somersault over the stick (see Figure
so that the stick does not touch his collar Stand facing the stick so that the upper facing side of the stick is to the left of the body to permit a right side fall. The upper part of the right thigh contacts the stick, and the right hand grips the stick close to where the stick contacts
(see Figure 5).
to push off of the mat with over the stick. Ensure that the falling body is positioned to land on the left side, so that the left hand must strike the mat. During the slap, the left arm is straightened with the palm it did in the final position for falling onto the left , somersaulting over the stick to the left side is accomplished in equal numbers to falling over the right
ist may have to use his hands to mitigate his fall. When applying ist must ensure that only his hands, stomach, and toes contact the mat, and most certainly
s on his arms or hands on the mat.
Rise up onto the knees to move the arms forward with the palms down. Without bending the arms or the body, fall forward. As soon as the softening the fall, and let the body fall with
F ro m t he b a s i c s ta nc e , r i s e u p in t he s ta n ce w i t h th e a r ms e xt en d e d f orw ar d a n d th e using the hands as described Rise up in the basic stance with the arms held toward the back, and as soon as the body attains a 60 degree relation to the mat, sharply pivot the body to the left to complete the fall with the arms mitigating the impact.
the chin tucked into the chest, and the arms extended forward with a strong strike with the hands on the d contact the mat with the fall already
fall leans forward with the
grips a comrade’s on the inside of the wrist, the comrade returns the same grip for the samboist. Both up together facing in the same direction. The left arm is extended forward with the palm facing downward. Jumping
side. The comrade during the fall should support
STANCE, RANGE, GRIPPING, AND MOTION
The samboist’s stance must be importance in stance is found in the correct legsprovide an important condition a match. The usual concept that the
mechanically transferred to the samboist’s stance The greater the distance between maneuverability. The required area of a support, depends on the wrestler’s specific features distance between his feet, it is necessary to take the distance between his feet can be increased w times the length of his foot.
The samboist’s feet are shown to be in the proper distancing in several situations in Figure 7. However, the greater role in stance is played in the mid range and by the direction of the stance in determining the area of support
If the legs are set very wide (Figure
the front and rear. A better stance can be maintained by simultaneously stepping in both length and width (Figure 7,б).
The best direction for the foot will be parallel angle of 35 - 45 ° (fig. 7,c).
The knees should remain aligned and not moved in a manner that disrupts a straight line with the feet. considered a right stance when the right leg leads the left leg
wrestle from with a right or left stance
convenient supporting base for his legs while preventing his legs from being attacked while his own legs are available for offense. The samboist does not want to fall into his opponent
Besides the fact the leaning the body
projection of his body's center of gravity which must be
under his feet—or at least behind the most forward leg (which is the that is most often att
most mobile (Figure 8). Certainly, in the course of wrestling, the legs must bend, and so must the body, but the good samboist must return to an erect stance as soon as practical because that is his best position for both def
offense. Some wrestlers, without being bad wrestlers, use a “low” stance that naturally does lead to the application of several ploys, but most wrestlers will be better served using the erect stance the opportunities that it provides
omrade during the fall should support the samboist’s arm to soften the fall.
STANCE, RANGE, GRIPPING, AND MOTION
ist’s stance must be stable, mobile, and simultaneously convenient for defense and offense correct placement and positioning for the legs and body. The arrangements of the
important condition for wrestling - the foundation for safely maneuvering on . The usual concept that the larger the supporting area, the greater the stability
to the samboist’s stance.
istance between a wrestler’s feet, the more sharply reduce
area of a support, and the width of the feet in wrestling is an art the specific features—in particular, the length of his legs. To determine the pro
it is necessary to take the width of his shoulders, and depending on the distance between his feet can be increased within the limits of the distance measured
samboist’s feet are shown to be in the proper distancing in several situations in Figure 7. However, the greater role in stance is played in the mid range and by the direction of the stance in determining the area of support.
Figure 7 Foot Arrangement in Various Stances
Figure 7,а), such a stance is steady in a lateral direction but less so to A better stance can be maintained by simultaneously stepping in both length and width
foot will be parallel to the other to cover all 8 standing directions with the leg forming an
The knees should remain aligned and not moved in a manner that disrupts a straight line with the feet.
considered a right stance when the right leg leads the left leg. For the samboist to wrestle freely, he must be able to wrestle from with a right or left stance. His body should be held erect without permitting the upper body to move beyond a
onvenient supporting base for his legs while preventing his legs from being attacked while his own legs are available for offense. The samboist does not want to fall into his opponent.
the fact the leaning the body complicates preserving balance, and erect and correct stance allows for the of gravity which must be found close to the samboist’s center of gravity which should be or at least behind the most forward leg (which is the that is most often attacked, and thus, should be the
in the course of wrestling, the legs must bend, and so must the body, but the good samboist must return to an erect stance as soon as practical because that is his best position for both def
wrestlers, without being bad wrestlers, use a “low” stance that naturally does lead to the application of several ploys, but most wrestlers will be better served using the erect stance the opportunities that it provides
STANCE, RANGE, GRIPPING, AND MOTION
defense and offense. Crucial body. The arrangements of the
maneuvering on the mat within , the greater the stability cannot be
sharply reduced is his and the width of the feet in wrestling is an art the
To determine the proper and depending on his height, ithin the limits of the distance measured to be 2 ½ to 3
samboist’s feet are shown to be in the proper distancing in several situations in Figure 7. However, the greater role in stance is played in the mid range and by the direction of the stance in
direction but less so to A better stance can be maintained by simultaneously stepping in both length and width
with the leg forming an
The knees should remain aligned and not moved in a manner that disrupts a straight line with the feet. A stance is the samboist to wrestle freely, he must be able to erect without permitting the upper body to move beyond a onvenient supporting base for his legs while preventing his legs from being attacked while his own legs are available for
and erect and correct stance allows for the close to the samboist’s center of gravity which should be
acked, and thus, should be the in the course of wrestling, the legs must bend, and so must the body, but the good samboist must return to an erect stance as soon as practical because that is his best position for both defense and
wrestlers, without being bad wrestlers, use a “low” stance that naturally does lead to the application of several ploys, but most wrestlers will be better served using the erect stance the opportunities that it provides.
Figure 8- A Correct Arrangement of Two Standing Samboists
When two wrestlers are in standing wrestling, their distance from each other is called their range which is defined as the distance between two samboists. All ranges in sambo-wrestling are covered in one of five ranges.
1. The range where there can be no gripping where the wrestlers cannot touch each other, and they are seeking a convenient moment to come to grips. To do so, they may use feinting motions with the arms in their attempt to move on the mat in a way to close with their
opponents.
2. “Far” range where the samboist’s can grip each other on one arm or use both hands to grip a sleeve.
3. “Mid” range where the wrestlers are able to grip each others’ arms, or the front part of the jacket or body (see Figure 8).
4. “Near” range where the wrestlers can grip each other on the back of the uniform.
5. “Close” range where the wrestlers can wrap their arms around each other and press their bodies into each other.
W restling from a convenient grip and range is very important because very seldom will both wrestlers favor the same range and grip.
Obtaining the desired grip and exploiting it for applying ploys is a very important part of standing wrestling.
Gripping has a basic and reciprocal role if one wrestler grips the sleeve of his opponent at a certain range because then he enables his opponent to capture his sleeves to move into the second range.
The second wrestler’s grip becomes the reciprocal grip the is the proper response to this hold, and if the samboist was not prepared to move into this new range, then his own grip may be turned against him if his opponent is able to exploit the new range.
There are 10 basic grips in standing wrestling.
1. Suppression gripping that consists of gripping the opponent’s uniform under his opposite side elbowt. 2. Gripping the uniform on the shoulder that consists of gripping the opponent on the shoulder part of the opponent’s jacket from above.
З. Gripping the clavicle that consists of a suppression grip on one arm while the second hand grips the opponent’s uniform on the same side clavicle.
4. Gripping the shoulder cuff or armpit consists of a suppression grip on one of the opponent’s arms and his uniform under his opposite side armpit.
5. Chest grip to the opponent’s uniform consists of a suppression grip to one of the opponent’s arms and a grip to his jacket collar from the front.
6. Cross grip on the front of the opponent’s jacket that consists of a grip around the same side lapel, over the arm to the side that where the throw is applied. This grip must be set below the other hand.
7. Grip belt from the front that consists of a suppression grip to one arm as the other hand grips the opponent’s belt from the front and may be over hand or under handed.
8. Rear belt grip that consists of a suppression grip by one arm while the second hand grips the back of the opponent’s belt from under his opposite side arm, or over that arm, or over the same side shoulder.
9. Outside leg grip that consists of grip to the outside of the opposite side leg at the opponent’s knee crook. 10. Cross grip to the leg that consists of a grip to the inside of the same side leg at the opponent’s knee crook.
A good grip is designed to be applied, so that the grip can be varied while denying the opponent his own preferred holds. This must comply with the rules of sambo-wrestling yet facilitate applying ploys.
Reciprocal or retaliatory gripping is applied in sambo-wrestling in the following situations:
I. In replying to suppression grip, the samboist must apply a counter grip to his opponent’s jacket on the shoulders.
3.
In response to a clavicle grip the samboist can apply a grip to the armpit or the uniform under the same side shoulder cuff.4. In responding to a grip to his armpit, the samboist can apply a grip to his opponent’s wrist, armpit, or use both "hands" to grip his opponent’s shoulders at the same part of his opponent’s arms as he is gripping on the samboist.
5.
In responding to a grip to the chest of his jacket, the samboist can apply a grip to his opponent’s armpit.6. In response to the uniform being cross gripped on the chest, the somboist can apply a grip to his opponent’s armpit.
7. In response to a grip to the middle of the belt, the samboist can apply a reverse grip to the shoulder cuff or armpit- that is to grip the opposite side wrist on the arm that is holding the samboist’s belt, and thus, the samboist’s thumb is closer to his own belt than his little finger. Therefore, his elbow will be inside of the opponent’s armpit on the same side arm.
8. In responding to a belt grip from behind and under the arm, the samboist can use one hand to provide a suppression grip while his second hand grips his opponent’s head, elbow crook, or grips the back of his opponent’s belt over the same side shoulder .
9. In responding to an outside leg grab, the samboist can grip the back of his opponent’s belt over the same side shoulder or hold down his opponent’s arm with both of his hands.
10. In response to a cross leg grab, the samboist can use one hand to apply a suppression grip on the opponent’s arm that is gripping his leg, and his other hand can grip the armpit on his opponent’s same side arm.
Stances are vital to the samboist, but if that stance remains static and in one place, any push into the upper part of his body (or a jerk to his upper body) will be a constant threat to the samboist’s stability that may lead to a critical loss of balance. Therefore, in wrestling at any moment, the samboist must be ready to "preserve his balance” and to parry the pushes and pulls of his opponent. When motion is necessary, he must consider that each step means moving his supporting area and therefore, he must minimize those moments when his balance is least stable as he moves each leg. He must preserve his balance by not crossing his feet or providing any motion that his opponent can exploit against him. From there, the greater value in wrestling in standing is played by stance as it applies to moving correctly in a manner that preserves the samboist’s base and subtracts from the opponent’s base.
As a rule, to preserve the stable position must begin with a single step by the leg closest to the intended direction of movement, and for this to occur the other leg’s motion must be somewhere between the position that both feet began the movement from. For example, when in a right stance, to move forward, the right foot should move ahead of the left foot.
It is necessary to take the least time possible to be in any stance where your feet are set wider than ordinary, and absolutely the crossing of feet is to be avoided when moving the legs. It is necessary for this purpose quick motion is required as a rule.
Moving does not require several successive actions because it may allow the opponent to predict the samboist’s actions, and the samboist always acts, so that the opponent cannot exploit the samboist’s actions.
Never do make unnecessary movement. It is necessary to aspire to move in relation to the opponent’s motion to be able to apply ploys or to move the opponent from a stable position into a vulnerable position.
PREPARATION TO THROW
To apply a throw in sambo-wrestling, the samboist must vary with the moment as the opponent’s positions change to be ready to exploit his opportunities to throw. These situations come up in the following circumstances:
1) When the opponent is distracted in some manner that removes him from his wrestling on the mat;
2) When the opponent over steps his supporting area: a) Leans forward and pressing on the partner, b) Shifts weight to the rear or forward,
c) Shifts weight over one leg, d) Crosses feet,
e) Jumps around the partner,
For exploiting motion and the other diverse opportunities and positions of the opponent, the samboist must vary the speed of his reactions while being able to study his opponent to select the corresponding ploy for each situation that develops on the mat.
Given a choice the opponent rarely will adopt positions risky for himself. Therefore, in a match, it is necessary to be able to artificially create risky positions for the opponent where it will be convenient for the samboist to initiate a throw. In other words, the samboist must be able to “prepare his opponent to be thrown”.
The same preparation can be use to implement many throws. We shall dwell on the most often used means for preparing the opponent to be thrown, and further, we shall look at taking these means to apply various throws.
Knocking the Opponent onto One Leg
Both wrestlers are in right stance. T h e s a m bo is t ’s le f t h an d ad op t s a s upp r e s s io n g r ip wh i le hi s r i gh t h an d gr ip s hi s op po ne nt on t h e l ef t ar m p it . I N t he m om e nt wh en t h e o pp on en t at t e m pt s t o m o v e b y m o v in g h is r ig ht leg , t he s a m b ois t t ak es a small step back with his left leg and applies a strong jerk with his left hand downward and toward him as his right hand pulls to the left and upward. The jerk should be made in the direction to continue the original motion between the opponent’s left and right feet using his right shoulder to form a 45 ° angle downward and to the left over that same angle.
Knocking the Opponent up onto the Toes
B oth w re st le rs a re in ri gh t s t an ce. T he s a mb oi st ’s l ef t h an d a pp li e s a su ppres s io n g rip wh i l e hi s rig h t h a nd g ri ps t he b a ck of hi s opp o nen t’s b e lt f ro m u n de r h is opp on e nt ’s le f t a rm . Both of his hands then jerk his opponent in the direction of his toes, and then upward. Practice allows the samboist to feel and define precisely the jerk when theoretically the jerk is defined as what is needed to lead a line to the midpoint between the opponent’s feet and from that point outward to the sides of the toes perpendicular to that plane. The jerk is applied in the direction of this motion.
Freeing One of the Opponent’s Legs from the Mat
Both wrestlers are in right stance. The samboist’s left hand supplies a suppression grip. In the moment when the opponent is attempting to move his right leg, the samboist quickly sets his right forearm over his opponent’s right elbow crook and shifts his body weight to fix his opponent over his right leg which becomes slightly bent at the knee.
Freeing Both of the Opponent’s Legs from the Mat
Both wrestlers are in right stance. The samboist applies a suppression grip, and in the moment when his opponent tries to move his right leg, he quickly applies a strong jerk with both hands downward to direct the jerk with each arm toward his opponent’s opposite side heel. In this jerking motion, the samboist must be close to his opponent to use his body weight to not only fix the shift of his opponent’s body weight over the heels, but to cause his opponent’s knees to bend as well.
Instituting the Opponent
Both are in right stances.The samboist grips his opponent’s uniform on the shoulder. His left hand draws the opponent in the direction of his right foot to shift his opponent’s body weight outside of his area of support. His right hand presses to the left side of his opponent’s body, so that his jerk can “fix” his opponent so that he is compelled to make a large step with his left leg diagonally forward and to the left.
Cross Institution of the Opponent
Both wrestlers are in right stances. The samboist grips his opponent’s jacket on the shoulders. In the moment when his opponent tries to move his right leg, the samboist’s left hand draws downward and slightly to the left to force his opponent to shift his base over his right leg. Simultaneously with this, his right hand presses the left side of his body upward and forces his opponent to the left (toward his back), so that the
opponent’s left leg crosses behind his right leg.
Organized Pull
Both are in right stances.The samboist applies a suppression hold, then jerks and pulls his opponent toward him to cause his opponent to resist these motions, so that his opponent’s stability is lost as he begins to pull on his opponent. When this method ofpreparation is used the samboist must be ready to defend against any reciprocal ploys or other offense leading to throws that may be applied by his opponent toward the samboist’s back.
Organized Pressure
Both are in right stances. The samboist grips his opponent’s uniform on the shoulders. He pushes his opponent to the side and away from ihim to cause his opponent to resist, so that to retain his stable position, his opponent must press back into the samboist in a required direction. When applying this method of preparation, it is necessary to be ready to apply both defense and reciprocal ploys against the opponent for any throws that he may attempt in the direction of the samboist’s chest.
Provoking the Opponent to Move a Leg to the Side
The opponent is in left stance, and the samboist is in right stance. The samboist applies a suppression grip with his left hand. His right hand attempts to grip his opponent’s left leg. In the moment when his opponent desires to defend his leg by moving it to the side and back, his body weight will be shifted to concentrate over his right leg.
Untwisting the Opponent
Both wrestlers are in right stance. The samboist applies a grip to his opponent’s uniform at the shoulders. The samboist untwists his opponent to the right and away from him. To do so, it is necessary for the samboist to turn to the right, so that his left hand can slightly lift the right side of his opponent as his right hand presses his opponent to the left. It is possibleto untwist to the left and away from the body as well, and if the opponent is in a right stance, he will cross his legs, but in this case, , the samboist must adopt a left stance.
Over Turning the Opponent
Both are in a right stance. The samboist’s left hand grips the outside of his opponent’s right wrist while his right hand grips his opponent’s left shoulder from behind closer to the arm. Both hands strongly jerk the opponent toward the samboist and to the right to casuse his opponent to rotate onto his back. The samboist’s right hand musts pull his opponent’s right arm and shoulder as far to the right and upward as possible. His left hand energetically jerksthe opponent’s right forearm in front of him before releasing to apply the required grip torealize the completion of the throw.
Lifting the Opponent
Lifting the opponent is somewhat easier to carry out with a higher grip on the opponent and at a shorter range in the moment of application.
W hen lifting his opponent , the samboist must ensure that his opponent has no chance to hook or entangle his legs in the samboist’s legs to frustrate the lift.
When a samboist contacts the mat, it is only with his feet in standing wrestling, but when the samboist applying any ploy contacts the mat with any part of his body, other than his feet, he is considered to be wrestling in par terre, or to be more precise, ploys applied in such positions for the wrestler are considered to be par terre ploys.
“Throws” are defined as those ploys by means of which the opponent is forced to adopt a par terre position from a standing position. The wrestler applying the throw can remain standing or contact the mat with other parts of his body.
The prone position on the back slows the samboist and limits his mobility, it is a more favorable position for holding a wrestler in to apply submission ploys and hold downs, and therefore, the purpose of every throw is to first of all turn the opponent onto his back, and the thrower is almost always in a more favorable position when he is above his opponent.
All applied throws do not achieve this planned purpose. A number of them will be foiled by the opponent’s resistance, and others may not succeed due to a number of actions related to the throw or its preparation. In addition to these causes of failure to succeed in throwing the opponent, the ability to throw is dependent upon a variety of skills required to execute the ploy. Proceeding from this, the following throwing classification scheme was adopted for wresting evaluation and sport values:
1) Throws onto the back where the thrower must remain standing; 2) Throws onto the side where the thrower must remain standing;
З) Throws onto the back where the thrower’s knees may contact the mat;
4) Throws onto the back with an intended fall: a) When the thrower falls after the opponent, b) When the thrower falls before the opponent;
5) Throws to the side where the thrower’s knee(s) contact the mat;
6) Throws onto the buttocks where the thrower remains standing ;
7) Throws to the side with a falling motion intended in the throw: а) When the thrower falls after his opponent,
b) When the thrower falls before his opponent; 8) Throws onto all fours where the thrower remains standing;
9) Throws onto the knees or hands where the thrower remains standing;
10)Throws onto the knees or onto all fours with an intentional falling motion in applying the throw. In the latter case, the opponent after being thrown must be over the samboist who threw him, so it is imperative that the samboist rise up from his throw to standing or the value of his throw will be outstripped by the opponent’s numerous new advantages from being above the samboist,. He must not be permitted to take advantage of these.
The structures of the possible throws in sambo-wrestling are quite diverse, and thus, the scheme indicated below on the next page is required. The throws are classified and divided into groups based upon their core attributes and values in the sambo-wrestling’s arsenal.
Scheme for Classifying the Throws of Sambo Wrestling
Unbalancing by Gripping the Heel
Both wrestlers are in right stances
armpits. He then quickly squats to kneel on his left knee as his left hand grips the inside of his
opponent’s right heel as his right palm is set on the inside of his opponent’s right knee, so that his fingers are facing to the left. Then, his left hand jerks the heel toward him and upward as his right hand presses to the left and downward (Figure
body and lifts the trapped leg up to chest level The preparation for this ploy can
over his other leg.
The self-protection when falling for this ploy is to use the half somersault onto the
mistake in executing this ploy is pressing the right hand into the opponent’s knee without the left and downward pressure, but directly away from the samboist
Scheme for Classifying the Throws of Sambo Wrestling
T H R O W S
U N B AL A N C I N G
Unbalancing by Gripping the Heel
Both wrestlers are in right stances. The samboist’s initial grip is to his opponent’s shoulder cuffs or armpits. He then quickly squats to kneel on his left knee as his left hand grips the inside of his
opponent’s right heel as his right palm is set on the inside of his opponent’s right knee, so that his fingers Then, his left hand jerks the heel toward him and upward as his right hand presses
Figure 9). When his opponent begins to fall, the samboist straightens his body and lifts the trapped leg up to chest level. A variant of this ploy crosses the opponent’s legs. The preparation for this ploy canserve to force the opponent onto one leg, and thus, shift his weight entirely
protection when falling for this ploy is to use the half somersault onto the back.
mistake in executing this ploy is pressing the right hand into the opponent’s knee without the left and downward pressure, but directly away from the samboist.
opponent’s shoulder cuffs or armpits. He then quickly squats to kneel on his left knee as his left hand grips the inside of his
opponent’s right heel as his right palm is set on the inside of his opponent’s right knee, so that his fingers Then, his left hand jerks the heel toward him and upward as his right hand presses
When his opponent begins to fall, the samboist straightens his is ploy crosses the opponent’s legs.
thus, shift his weight entirely . The most common mistake in executing this ploy is pressing the right hand into the opponent’s knee without the left and downward
Unbalancing by Gripping th
Both wrestlers are in a right stance. The opponent has a low stance or attempts to grip the samboist’s leg, so the samboist places his right palm on the nape of his opponent’s neck and set his left hand goes under his right arm to grip his right for
to the right and a large step back with his right leg, the samboist forces his opponent to roll forward and onto his back (Figure 10).
Preparation for this ploy requires bending the opponent with a grip of the same side armpit close to the back.
Self-protection when falling: the forward somersault.
The opponent is in a left stance while the samboist is in a right stance. The samboist’s left hand provides a suppression grip. With a slight turn to the left, the samboist quickly drops onto his left knee and extends right leg place it place it between the opponent's legs, so that his foot is facing his opponent's heel. Simultaneously with this, the samboist’s right hand grips the outside of his opponent’s leg at the knee crook. His left hand leans his opponent forward as his right hand throws upward the trapped left knee to force his opponent into a forward diagonal somersault over his right shoulder and onto his left buttock (Figure
Figure 9 Unbalancing by Gripping the Heel
Unbalancing by Gripping the Head
Both wrestlers are in a right stance. The opponent has a low stance or attempts to grip the samboist’s leg, so the samboist places his right palm on the nape of his opponent’s neck and set his left hand goes under his right arm to grip his right forearm. W ith a sharp turn of his body to the right and a large step back with his right leg, the samboist forces his opponent to roll forward and onto his back (Figure 10).
Preparation for this ploy requires bending the opponent with a grip of the same side armpit
protection when falling: the forward somersault.
Figure 10 Unbalancing by Gripping the Head
Unbalancing with the Knee
Figure 11 Unbalancing with the Knee
The opponent is in a left stance while the samboist is in a right stance. The samboist’s left hand provides a suppression grip. With a slight turn to the left, the samboist quickly drops onto his left knee and extends right leg
the opponent's legs, so that his foot is facing his opponent's heel. Simultaneously with this, the samboist’s right hand grips the outside of his opponent’s leg at the knee crook. His left hand leans his opponent forward as
is right hand throws upward the trapped left knee to force his opponent into a forward diagonal somersault over his right Figure 11).
Both wrestlers are in a right stance. The opponent has a low stance or attempts to grip the samboist’s leg, so the samboist places his right palm on the nape of his opponent’s neck and earm. W ith a sharp turn of his body to the right and a large step back with his right leg, the samboist forces his opponent to roll Preparation for this ploy requires bending the opponent with a grip of the same side armpit
The opponent is in a left stance while the samboist is in a right stance. The samboist’s left hand provides a suppression grip. With a slight turn to the left, the samboist quickly drops onto his left knee and extends right leg to
the opponent's legs, so that his foot is facing his opponent's heel. Simultaneously with this, the samboist’s right hand grips the outside of his opponent’s leg at the knee crook. His left hand leans his opponent forward as
The preparation for this ploy can be driving the opponent up onto his toes, forcing h organized pressure.
Self-protection is the diagonal somersault.
The opponent is in left stance while the samboist is in right stance
suppression grip while his right hand grips his opponent from over his right shoulder to grip the back of his belt. He applies pressure to the right, and away from him on his opponent, and then, downward forcing the opponent to cross his right leg behind his left. As soon as this occurs, the samboist releases his suppression grip, so that his left hand can grip the inside of his opponent’s left knee crook (Figure 12). He then strongly jerks his left hand left and upward while his right hand presses to the right and downward to force his opponent to fall onto his back. As soon as the samboist is sure that his opponent is falling, he releases his right hand from the grip on his opponent’s belt.
Preparation for this throw consists of driving opponent’s back.
Self-protection: the samboist retains his grip on his opponent’s left leg to control his opponent’s fall.
Throws by Gripping Both Legs
Figure 13
Both wrestlers are in right stance. The samboist applies suppression gripping. He then strongly pulls downward with both hands forcing his opponent back onto his heels. The samboist then steps forward with his right leg as he uses both of his hands to grip the outside of his opponent’s knee crooks, so that he can drive his right shoulder into his opponent’s stomach (Figure 13). Driving his right shoulder into his opponent’s stomach, he forces his opponent’s u
jerk his opponent’s legs upward and slightly to one side.
The preparation for this ploy can be driving the opponent up onto his toes, forcing him onto one leg, or general protection is the diagonal somersault.
Unbalancing with a Belt Grip
Figure 12 Unbalancing with a Belt Grip
is in left stance while the samboist is in right stance. The samboist’s left hand provides a
suppression grip while his right hand grips his opponent from over his right shoulder to grip the back of his belt. He applies pressure to the right, and away from him on his opponent, and then, downward forcing the opponent to cross
ght leg behind his left. As soon as this occurs, the samboist releases his suppression grip, so that his left hand can grip the inside of his opponent’s left knee crook (Figure 12). He then strongly jerks his left hand left and upward
d presses to the right and downward to force his opponent to fall onto his back. As soon as the samboist is sure that his opponent is falling, he releases his right hand from the grip on his opponent’s belt.
Preparation for this throw consists of driving into the opponent to grip the same side armpit closer to the protection: the samboist retains his grip on his opponent’s left leg to control his opponent’s fall.
Throws by Gripping Both Legs
Throw Gripping Both Legs
Figure 13 Beginning of the Throw by Gripping Both Legs
Both wrestlers are in right stance. The samboist applies suppression gripping. He then strongly pulls downward with both hands forcing his opponent back onto his heels. The samboist then steps forward
s right leg as he uses both of his hands to grip the outside of his opponent’s knee crooks, so that he can drive his right shoulder into his opponent’s stomach (Figure 13). Driving his right shoulder into his opponent’s stomach, he forces his opponent’s upper body away from him as both of his hands strongly jerk his opponent’s legs upward and slightly to one side.
im onto one leg, or general
hand provides a
suppression grip while his right hand grips his opponent from over his right shoulder to grip the back of his belt. He applies pressure to the right, and away from him on his opponent, and then, downward forcing the opponent to cross
ght leg behind his left. As soon as this occurs, the samboist releases his suppression grip, so that his left hand can grip the inside of his opponent’s left knee crook (Figure 12). He then strongly jerks his left hand left and upward
d presses to the right and downward to force his opponent to fall onto his back. As soon as the samboist is sure that his opponent is falling, he releases his right hand from the grip on his opponent’s belt.
into the opponent to grip the same side armpit closer to the protection: the samboist retains his grip on his opponent’s left leg to control his opponent’s fall.
Both wrestlers are in right stance. The samboist applies suppression gripping. He then strongly pulls downward with both hands forcing his opponent back onto his heels. The samboist then steps forward
s right leg as he uses both of his hands to grip the outside of his opponent’s knee crooks, so that he can drive his right shoulder into his opponent’s stomach (Figure 13). Driving his right shoulder into his
