Types of Types of research research Definition of Definition of research research Characteristics Characteristics of good of good research research Importance Importance of research of research Purpose clearly Purpose clearly defined defined Conclusions Conclusions justified justified Findings presented Findings presented unambiguously unambiguously Adequate analysis for
Adequate analysis for decision makers need decision makers need
Ethical issues Ethical issues Well planned Well planned research research Research process Research process detailed detailed Basic research Basic research Applied research Applied research To help in To help in decision making decision making To provide solution To provide solution to a problem to a problem
To seek the truth To seek the truth
To describe, To describe, explain and explain and predict predict To discover new To discover new knowledge knowledge
Research is an objectives and systematic scientific Research is an objectives and systematic scientific inquiry or investigation into a specific problem that inquiry or investigation into a specific problem that
needs a solution needs a solution Business research Business research means the means the systematic and systematic and objectives process objectives process of gathering, of gathering, recording and recording and analyzing data for analyzing data for
aid in making aid in making business de business decisioncision INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH TO RESEARCH
Problem definition
Preliminary data collection or A problem discovery
Exploratory
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION (Broad
problem area)
Secondary data
analysis
Pilot studies
Experience
survey
Case study
1. Research task to either clarify a problem, to evaluate
a program, or to define an o ortunit
2. A careful attention to problem definition allows the researcher to
set the proper research questions and objectives.
3. Indication of a specific business decision area that will be clarified by answering some research questions. It is fre uentl a ne lected area of
4. The researcher should make a formal statement of
the problem and the research objectives. 5. In order to state a good
research objectives, it should be well formed and with testable
1. Literature review meaning 7. Citations, quotations, and referencing or bibliography 4. Approaches to reviewing the literature 3. Reasons for literatu re review
6. The contents of
literature review 5. Procedure for reviewing the
literature 2. Goals of literature review
Classification and evaluation about the topic
It includes research questions, research objectives, thesis, or the issue that will research.
Accredited scholars and
researchers have written on a topic
Body of knowledge and establish credibility.
To integrate and summarize what is known in areas.
The direction of research on a question and the connections to a body of knowledge.
To learn from others and stimulates new ideas.
Identify opposing views
Identify gaps in current knowledge Clarify and focus on research problem
Identify seminal works in your area Improve methodology
Narrow ers ective
Broad ers ective
Develop conceptual framework
Writing the literature review Search for existing literature
Review the selected literature Develop theoretical framework Introduction:
Define the to ic establish writer reason.
Conclusion:
Summarizations of ma or contributions of the literature. In the body:
Grou of literature review accordin to common themes. Citations
Quotations
CHAPTER 3
LITERATURE
SURVEY
CHAPTER 4:
FRAMEWORK AND HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT
FRAMEWORK DEVELOPMENT
HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT
INTRODUCTION Types of variables Types of
framework Conceptual framework Theoretical framework Independent variable Dependent variable Measuring variable Intervening or mediating variable Three conditions of good hypothesis Adequacy for its purpose. Testable. Better than its
rivals.
Functions of hypothesis
It guides the direction of the study.
It identifies facts that are relevant and those that are not.
It provides a framework for organizing the conclusions that
result.
It suggests which form of research design is the most
appropriate.
Formulating the hypothesis
Construct the hypothesis statement
State the null hypotheses and alternative h otheses Select the appropriate types of
hypothesis
Testing the hypothesis
Selecting the appropriate test
Research conclusion Comparing the critical value and making the decision
Choosing the level of significance.
Data collection Determining the
robabilit Framework discusses the
inter-relationship among the concepts and/or variables that are deemed
to be integrals to the dynamics of the situation
CHAPTER 5
RESEARCH DESIGN
2. Types of
investigation
1. Purpose of
the study
3. Study
setting
5. Time
horizon
4. Unit of analysis
(Population to be
studied)
The nature
of study
Causal/
H
othesis
Exploration
Description
Correlational
Clarification
Causal
Contrived
Non-contrived
1. Individuals
2. Dyads
3. Groups
4.
Organizations
5. Countries
1. Cross
sectional
2. Longitudinal
CHAPTER 6: RESEARCH PROPOSAL Types of
research
Research interference The initial research conducted to clarify and define the nature of a
problem.
Research conducted to identify cause and affect relationship among variable when
the research problem has already been narrowly defined.
Research designed to describe or summarize information about a
population or sample.
Exploratory and descriptive studies are conducted in the natural environment of the organization where the researcher usually interferes minimally with the normal
flow of work In studies conducted to establish cause and effects, the
researcher tries to manipulate certain variables so as to study the effects of such manipulation on dependent variable of
interest.
Description Exploration Causal /
DATA COLLECTION
1. INTRODUCTION 2. SECONDARY
DATA Data collection
sources can be divided into two
primary and secondary types.
Primary data comes from the original sources.
Secondary data comes from studies and data
collection External sources Internal sources Sources of secondary data Advantages 2. Inex ensive 1. Readily
1. Data may be out 2. The information
may not meet specific needs. Disadvanta es 4. BASIC METHOD FOR SURVEY Personal interview Telephone interview Self-administrated questionnaires Printed, self-administrated questionnaires that use other
form of distributions. 3. PRIMARY DATA Questionnaires Interview Sources of primary data Advantages Disadvanta es Quick, inexpensive, efficient and accurate Flexible and properly conducted In specific for each form of data collection. (mail, personal interview and
INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH
Definition of research
Research is an objective and systematic scientific inquiry or investigation into A specific problem that needs A solution.
Business research means the systematic and objective process of gathering, recording, and analyzing data for aid in making business decision
Importance of research
To seek the truth To discover new knowledge To describe, explain and predict. To provide solution to A problem
To help in decision making Types of research
Basic research Applied research
Charactheristics of good research
Purpose clearly defined Research process detailed
Well planned research Ethical issues
Adequate analysis for decision maker's needs Findings presented unambiguously
