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The Effect of Trait Anxiety and Stressful Conditions on the processing Efficiency and Working Memory Performance

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يرﺎﺘﻓرمﻮﻠﻋﻪﻠﺠﻣ Journal of Behavorial Sciences

هرود

2

هرﺎﻤﺷ،

1

، رﺎﻬﺑ

1387

Vol 2, No. 1, 2008

تﺎﺤﻔﺻ

: 32 -25

Pages: 25-32

رﺎﺸﻓ ﺮﭘ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ و ﺖﻔﺻ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺮﺛا ﺔﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ

و شزادﺮﭘ

لﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

The Effect of Trait Anxiety and Stressful Conditions on the

Processing Efficiency and Working Memory Performance

ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ :

8 / 12 / 86 شﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ

: 7 / 5 / 87

ﻲﻏاﺮﭼ ﻪﺘﺷﺮﻓ

*

ﺮﺘﻛد، ﻴﻠﻋ يداﺮﻣ ﺎﺿﺮ

**

، ﻲﻘﻧ ﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﻛد

ﻲﻧﺎﻫاﺮﻓ

**

هﺪﻴﻜﭼ

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ :

ياﺮـﺑﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨـﺷناورلﺪـﻣﻚـﻳزاهدﺎﻔﺘـﺳاﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳافﺪﻫ

ﺖـﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣوﺖﻔـﺻباﺮﻄـﺿارديدﺮـﻓيﺎـﻬﺗوﺎﻔﺗﺮـﺛاﻦﻴـﻴﺒﺗوﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ دﻮﺑلﺎﻌﻓﺔﻈﻓﺎﺣدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋوشزادﺮﭘيﺪﻣآرﺎﻛﺮﺑ،رﺎﺸﻓﺮﭘ

. ﻦـﻳاﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ

زادﺮﭘيﺪﻣآرﺎﻛﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧنﻮﻣزآدﺪﺻردﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣﻮﻟﺎﻛوﻚﻧﺰﻳآش

.

شور :

283 ﺖﻔـﺻﺶﺨﺑ،هﺎﮕـﺸﻧادلوالﺎـﺳﺮـﺘﺧدنﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧادزاﺮﻔﻧ

ﺖﻟﺎﺣباﺮﻄﺿاﺔﻫﺎﻴﺳ –

ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗارﺮﮔﺮﺒﻠﻴﭙﺳاﺖﻔﺻ

.

هﺮﻤﻧزاﺲﭘ

يراﺬﮔ

48

زاﻲﻧدﻮﻣزآ

25

باﺮﻄﺿاﺎﺑداﺮﻓاناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑﻊﻳزﻮﺗيﻻﺎﺑﺪﺻرد

وﻻﺎﺑﺖﻔﺻ

48

زاﻲﻧدﻮﻣزآ

25

ﻊـﻳزﻮﺗﻦﻴﻳﺎـﭘﺪـﺻرد ،

ﻮـﻨﻌﺑ

ﺎـﺑداﺮـﻓانا

ﺪﻧﺪﺷبﺎﺨﺘﻧاﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘﺖﻔﺻباﺮﻄﺿا

. ﺔـﻳﺎﭘﺮـﺑﻲﻓدﺎـﺼﺗرﻮﻄﺑﺲﭙﺳﺎﻬﻧآ

باﺮﻄﺿاﺢﻄﺳ

)

ﻻﺎﺑ – ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ

( ﺪـﻳﺪﻬﺗضﺮﻌﻣردﻦﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗو

/ مﺪـﻋ

ردﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ

4

ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗهوﺮﮔ

. ناﻮـﻨﻌﺑﺖـﺳرديﺎﻬﺨـﺳﺎﭘيﺮـﻴﮔهزاﺪﻧا

ﻞـﻣﺎﻛياﺮـﺑهﺪﺷفﺮﺻنﺎﻣزوﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛاﺎﻳدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧزاﻲﺼﺧﺎﺷ ندﺮﻛ

يﺪـﻣآرﺎﻛزايﺮـﻴﮔهزاﺪـﻧاناﻮـﻨﻌﺑﻲـﻨﻫذشﻼﺗناﺰﻴﻣوﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ ﺪﺷﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣشزادﺮﭘ

. ﻪـﻫارودﺲﻧﺎـﻳراوﻞـﻴﻠﺤﺗزاهدﺎﻔﺘـﺳاﺎـﺑﺎﻫهداد

ﺪﺷﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ

.

ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ : ﺖﻔﺻباﺮﻄﺿاﺮﺛازاﻲﻛﺎﺣﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

)

ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘﻞﺑﺎﻘﻣردﻻﺎﺑ

( ﺮـﺑ

دﻮﺑﻲﻨﻫذشﻼﺗناﺰﻴﻣ

.

وﺖﻔﺻباﺮﻄﺿارادﻲﻨﻌﻣﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗﺮﺛاﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ

اﺮﺷ ﺪﺷهﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﺢﻴﺤﺻيﺎﻬﺨﺳﺎﭘونﺎﻣزناﺰﻴﻣﺮﺑﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻂﻳ

.

يﺮﻴﮔ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ :

شﻼـﺗﻻﺎـﺑباﺮﻄـﺿاهوﺮﮔﻪﻛﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣدﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

باﺮﻄـﺿاهوﺮﮔﺎﺑﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣرددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺢﻄﺳﻦﺘﺷادﻪﮕﻧرﻮﻈﻨﻣﻪﺑاردﻮﺧ دادﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘﺖﻔﺻ ﺪﻧ

.

ﻻﺎﺑباﺮﻄﺿاهوﺮﮔدﻮﺑازرﺎﺸﻓﻂﻳاﺮﺷﻪﻜﻴﻧﺎﻣز

ﺷاديﺮﺗﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺘ

ﺪﻨ

.

هژاو ﺎﻫ ي ﺪﻴﻠﻛ ي : ﺖﻔﺻباﺮﻄﺿا –

رﺎـﺸﻓﺮـﭘﺖـﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ

يﺪـﻣآرﺎﻛ

شزادﺮﭘ – دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا

Cheraghi F. M.Sc, Moradi A.R. Ph.D, Farahani M.N. Ph.D

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to use a psychological model to explain the effects of individual differences in trait anxiety and stressful situational on the processing efficiency and working memory performance. It was designed to test Eysenck and Calvo, processing efficiency theory.

Method: A sample of first year college students (n = 283) completed the trait measure of the Spielberger State – Trait Anxiety Inventory. After scoring, 48 subject belonging to the .25 percent of upper distribution and 48 subject from the .25 percent of lower distribution were selected. They were then randomly assigned to four groups based on level of anxiety (high / low) and exposure to threat/ non-threat. Measurements of task accuracy were taken as an indicator of performance outcome or effectiveness. Time taken to complete task and a subjective rating of mental effort were taken as measurement of performance efficiency. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA.

Results: Analyses explored the effect of trait anxiety (high versus low) on mental effort rating. There was significant interaction effect of trait anxiety and experiment conditions on time and accurate responses.

Conclusion: The results suggested that the high anxiety group increased their effort in order to maintain levels of performance comparable to the low anxiety group. When the conditions were stressful the high anxiety group was lower performance.

Keywords: trait anxiety, stressful conditions,

processing efficiency, performance effectiveness

* ﻲﻣﻮﻤﻋ ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور ﺪﺷرا ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛ

** ﻢﻠﻌﻣ ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد رﺎﻴﺸﻧاد

-ﻲﺘﻴﺑﺮﺗ مﻮﻠﻋ و ﻲﺳﺎﻨﺸﻧاور هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد

(2)

ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ

نﺎﺴﻧاﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺸﻧاور رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳﻲﺳﺎﺳاﺪﻌﺑ ودﺖﺧﺎﻨﺷونﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﺪﻫدﻲﻣﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗار

.

ﻪﺟﻮﺗترﻮﺻردﺎﻬﻨﺗداﺮﻓادﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ

ﺖﺳاﺮﻳﺬﭘنﺎﻜﻣاﺪﻌﺑودﻦﻳاﻞﻣﺎﻌﺗﻪﺑ

.

،ﺲﻴﻤﺳا،ﻲﻜﺴﻧﻮﻴﻠﺳا

ﺮﻓﺎﻫ

]

1

[

ﻚﻳﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋاﺮﭼﻪﻛلاﺆﺳﻦﻳاﻪﺑﺦﺳﺎﭘرد ﻲﻣﺮﮕﻳديﺎﻬﻧﺎﻣززاﺮﺘﻬﺑتﺎﻗواﻲﺧﺮﺑدﺮﻓ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑﻪﺑ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ

ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ و ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ يدﺮﻓ نورد و يدﺮﻓ نﺎﻴﻣ ﻂﺑاور ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ رد ﻪﻧازور نﺎﺳﻮﻧ ﺎﻳ يدﺮﻓ نورد يﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﺪﻧا

.

ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ رد يﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧا ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ رد ﺎﻬﻧآ

ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗﻚﻳ ﻪﺑﻲﻫﺪﺨﺳﺎﭘ نﺎﻣز ردنﺎﺳﻮﻧ ،ﻲﻧﺎﺠﻴﻫ نﺎﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧردﻢﻫونﻻﺎﺴﮔرﺰﺑردﻢﻫارلﺎﻌﻓ ﻲﻣﻲﻨﻴﺑﺶﻴﭘ

ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ

.

ﻲﺘﻗﻮﻣشزادﺮﭘويراﺪﻬﮕﻧرﺎﻛﻪﻛﺖﺳاﻲﻣﺎﻈﻧلﺎﻌﻓﺔﻈﻓﺎﺣ

ﺘﺷر ﻚﻳ ﻲﻃ ار تﺎﻋﻼﻃا

ﻲﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ زا ﻪ

ﺪﻫد

]

2

[ .

ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺣﻪﻛﺖﺳانآزاﻲﻛﺎﺣدﺪﻌﺘﻣﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘﺪﻫاﻮﺷ و يﺮﻴﮔدﺎﻳ رد يا هﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ و هﺪﻤﻋ رﺎﻴﺴﺑ ﺶﻘﻧ لﺎﻌﻓ

درادﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗﺮﮕﻳد

]

3

[

.

رد ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ باﺮﻄﺿاتاﺮﺛاﻲﺳرﺮﺑﻪﺑﻪﻛ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﻲﺧﺮﺑيﺎﻫ هﺪﻳديﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻤﻫ،ﺪﻧا ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘلﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑ

دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ

.

ﻲﻨﺘﻳو و گرﻮﺳ ﺔﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

]

4

[

ﻲﺘﺣ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ

ﺪﻬﺗثداﻮﺣ ﺪﻳ

ﺮﺑﻲﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣتاﺮﺛا ﺪﻧاﻮﺗﻲﻣﻢﻳﻼﻣﺰﻴﻣآ

ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻪﺘﺷادداﺮﻓاﻲﺘﻔﺻباﺮﻄﺿا

.

لادﻲﻛرﺪﻣﺎﻬﻧآتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ

ﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﺮﺑ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ باﺮﻄﺿاﺮﺛا رد ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ردتاﺮ

ﺪﻫد ﻲﻣ

.

باﺮﻄﺿا ياراد داﺮﻓا ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ يﺪﻨﻤﻧاﻮﺗ

ﺶﻫﺎﻛﺰﻴﻣآﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗثداﻮﺣﺎﺑنﺪﺷﻪﺟاﻮﻣنﺎﻣزردﻻﺎﺑﺖﻔﺻ ﺪﺑﺎﻳ ﻲﻣ

.

ﭘ ﺮﻴﻈﻧ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻜﻟ

ﺶﻫوﮋ

ﭗﻴﻠﻴﻓ

]

28

[

و باﺮﻄﺿا ﺢﻄﺳ نﺎﻴﻣ يراد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﺔﻄﺑار ،

ﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ داﺪ

.

طﺎﺒﺗرا ﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻢﻬﻓ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ

ﻮﻟﺎﻛو ﻚﻧﺰﻳآ ، داﺮﻓاﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋوباﺮﻄﺿا نﺎﻴﻣ

]

5

[

شزادﺮﭘ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ مﺎﻨﺑ يﺮﻈﻧ لﺪﻣﻚﻳ

)

PET

1 (

ار

ﺪﻧا هدﺮﻛ حﺮﻄﻣ

.

ﻦﻳارد، ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﻳا يﺪﻣآ زورﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ

راﺮﻗ يﺮﻈﻧ سﺎﺳا و ﻪﻳﺎﭘ ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ رﻮﻛﺬﻣ هﺎﮔﺪﻳد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺖﺳا ﺎﻫ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ و

ﻦﻳا ﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗ ﺖﺤﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ي

ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣهﺎﮔﺪﻳد

.

ﻪﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺮﺛا شزادﺮﭘ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ رد دﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻲﻣترﻮﺻ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﺔﻄﺳاو

.

ياراد داﺮﻓا ﻪﻜﻴﻧﺎﻣز

،ﺪﻧﻮﺷﻲﻣوﺮﺑوررﺎﺸﻓﺮﭘﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣﻚﻳﺎﺑﻻﺎﺑﺖﻔﺻباﺮﻄﺿا ﺪﺑﺎﻳﻲﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺖﻟﺎﺣ باﺮﻄﺿا

.

ﺖﻟﺎﺣباﺮﻄﺿاﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ

ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ ﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧ ﺎﺗ دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺚﻋﺎﺑ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ و ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷزرا

باﺮﻄﺿاﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷﻪﺟو زاﺖﺳاﻲﺑﺎﺗزﺎﺑ ﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧ

]

7

[

.

ﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧ

ﺮﺑ ﻲﻨﺘﺒﻣ ﺪﻨﻳاﺮﻓ ﻚﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻜﻔﺗ

ناور تاﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷﻒﻴﺻﻮﺗ،ددﺮﮔﻲﻣﺮﺠﻨﻣﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ

]

8

[

.

ﺎﻳﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧ

ﻲﻨﻫذﺖﻴﻟﻮﻐﺸﻣدﻮﺧ

2

بﻮﻴﻌﻣيﺎﻫروﺎﺑيﺮﻴﮔﻞﻜﺷﻪﺑﺮﺠﻨﻣ

دﻮﺷﻲﻣﻪﻠﺌﺴﻣﻞﺣرددﺮﻓﻲﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗةرﺎﺑرد

.

ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ردلﺎﻌﻓﺔﻈﻓﺎﺣدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺮﺑباﺮﻄﺿاتاﺮﺛاﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗرد ددﺮﮔﻲﻣحﺮﻄﻣﻲﺳﺎﺳاوﻢﻬﻣضﺮﻓﻚﻳشزادﺮﭘيﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا وشزادﺮﭘ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛنﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻛﺖﺳا يﺰﻳﺎﻤﺗنآو دراد دﻮﺟو دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

.

ﺎﻳ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ﺢﻄﺳ ﻪﺑ ،ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ

ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏ و ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ هرﺎﺷا يدﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﺣﻼﺻ

"

داﺪﻌﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا

ﻲﻣﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا ﺮﻈﻧدرﻮﻣﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗﻪﺑﺎﻬﻴﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﺖﺳرديﺎﻬﺨﺳﺎﭘ ددﺮﮔ

.

ياﺮﺑدﺮﻓﻂﺳﻮﺗهﺪﺷلﺎﻤﻋاشﻼﺗناﺰﻴﻣﻪﺑيﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ ﺎﻳ ﻲﻨﻫذ شﻼﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ هرﺎﺷا ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا

ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ ﻚﻳ مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ هﺪﺷ فﺮﺻ نﺎﻣز ناﺰﻴﻣ

.

ﻲﻧﺎﻣز

زا ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑﺢﻄﺳﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺘﺑداﺮﻓاﻪﻛ ﺖﺳاﻻﺎﺑشزادﺮﭘيﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ ﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑاردﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﺮﺛا

"

ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﻢﻛ

ﺪﻧروآ

.

ﻦﻜﻤﻣ دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا رﺎﭼد دﺮﻓ ﻪﻜﻴﻧﺎﻣز ﻦﻜﻴﻟ ﻦﻳا ﻲﻟو ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻆﻔﺣ ار دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺸﺨﺑ ﺮﺛا ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﺖﺳا

ﻌﻳ شزادﺮﭘ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ ﻦﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺖﻤﻴﻗ ﻪﺑ دروﺎﺘﺳد ﻲﻨ

ددﺮﮔﻲﻣﻞﺻﺎﺣﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑشزادﺮﭘﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣفﺮﺼﻣ

]

9

[

.

ﻦﻳودﺎﻫ ،ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﻨﭼ رد نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و

]

10

[

و ﺖﻓاﺮﻜﺷا ،

كﺮﻛ

]

11

[

ﺮﺗرﺎﻛ وسدرﺎﭽﻳر

]

12

[

ﺪﻧﺪﻴﺳر ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ،

زا ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﺢﻄﺳ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ و ﻻﺎﺑ باﺮﻄﺿا ياراد داﺮﻓا ﻪﻛ ياراد داﺮﻓا ياﺮﺑﻲﻫﺪﺨﺳﺎﭘ نﺎﻣزلﻮﻃ ﻲﻟو،ﺪﻧراد دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻻﺎﺑ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ

ﺖﺳا

.

ﺖﻴﻤﺳا نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و

]

13

[

و ،

نﻮﺴﻠﻳو نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و

]

14

[

و ﻲﺘﻛﺮﺣ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ،

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ وﻦﻳودﺎﻫ

]

10

[

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ وﺖﻓاﺮﻜﺷاو،

]

11

[

ﺎﺑ ،

رد يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑشﻼﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣﻪﺟﻮﺘﻣﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﻧﺪﺷبﺮﻄﻀﻣيﺎﻬﻴﻧدﻮﻣزآ

.

باﺮﻄﺿا ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ يرﻮﺌﺗ ﻦﻳا

يﺪﻣآ رﺎﻛ

رددﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛاﻪﺑﺖﺒﺴﻧيﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﺖﻌﺳوﺎﺑارشزادﺮﭘ دﺮﻴﮔ ﻲﻣ ﺮﺑ رد ار يﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻲﻳاﺮﺟا ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ ،

ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧﻲﻣﺐﻳﺮﺨﺗ

.

وﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗمﺎﻈﻧﻚﻳيﺰﻛﺮﻣﻲﻳاﺮﺟاﻞﻣﺎﻋ

يدورو ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺎﻤﻫوترﺎﻈﻧ،لﺮﺘﻨﻛﻪﻔﻴﻇوﻪﻛ ﺖﺳارﺎﻴﺷﻮﻫ دراد هﺪﻬﻋ ﺮﺑ ار تﺎﻋﻼﻃا ﻲﺟوﺮﺧ و

]

15

[

.

ﻪﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﮕﻧﺎﻤﻫ

ﻼﻤﻋ ﺖﺳا لﺎﻌﻓ ساﻮﺣ مﺎﻤﺗ رد يﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻲﻳاﺮﺟا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ

"

دﺮﻴﮔﻲﻣﺮﺑردارﻪﺟﻮﺗ

]

16

[

.

ﻪﻛﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗلﺮﺘﻨﻛﻪﺑباﺮﻄﺿا

ﻲﻣ ﺐﻴﺳآ ﺖﺳا يﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻲﻳاﺮﺟا ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﻢﻬﻣ دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ ﻚﻳ

ﺪﻧﺎﺳر

.

ًﺎﺤﻴﺟﺮﺗ بﺮﻄﻀﻣ داﺮﻓا ﻪﺑ ار دﻮﺧ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ

(3)

ـــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ورﺎﺸﻓﺮﭘﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣوﺖﻔﺻباﺮﻄﺿاﺮﺛاﺔﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

27

هرود ،يرﺎﺘﻓر مﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ 2

هرﺎﻤﺷ ، 1 رﺎﻬﺑ ، 1387

JBS, Vol 2, No. 1, 2008

ﺪﻨﻫد ﻲﻣ صﺎﺼﺘﺧا ﺰﻴﻣآﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ كﺮﺤﻣ

.

تﺎﻛﺮﺤﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﭼ

ﻓا ﻞﺜﻣ ،ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻧورد ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻞﺜﻣ ﻲﻧوﺮﻴﺑ ﻪﭼ و ﻢﺣاﺰﻣ رﺎﻜ

ساﻮﺣ ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗﺎﺑﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣﺎﻧﻲﺗﺮﭘ

]

17

[

.

ﻦﻤﻟﻮﺷوﺎﺘﺑﺮﻛ

]

18

[

ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗلﺮﺘﻨﻛمﺎﻈﻧﺎﺑﻪﻄﺑاررد،

ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳحﺮﻄﻣيا هﺪﺷهرﺎﺷاﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗمﺎﻈﻧودﻪﺑنآردﻪﻛﺪﻧا

ﺖﺳا

.

ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗمﺎﻈﻧودﻦﻴﺑﺎﻬﻧآ

3 )

فﺪﻫﺖﻬﺟرد

(

و

كﺮﺤﻣﻪﺑفﻮﻄﻌﻣﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗمﺎﻈﻧ

4

ﺰﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﺪﻨﻠﺋﺎﻗ

.

ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗمﺎﻈﻧ

ﺖﺤﺗ يرﺎﺟ فاﺪﻫا و ﺶﻧاد ،تارﺎﻈﺘﻧا ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا ﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫ ﻪﺘﺴﺟﺮﺑﻪﺑهﺪﻧاركﺮﺤﻣﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗمﺎﻈﻧودﺮﻴﮔﻲﻣراﺮﻗﺮﻴﺛﺎـﺗ دزادﺮﭘ ﻲﻣﺎﻫكﺮﺤﻣ ندﺮﻛ

.

ﻦﻴﺑ لدﺎﻌﺗرد ﺖﻟﺎﺣباﺮﻄﺿا

ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ دﺎﺠﻳا ﻞﻠﺧ مﺎﻈﻧ وﺪﻨﻳا

.

ﺲﻜﻓ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و

]

19

[

،

ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳﺮﺑباﺮﻄﺿاﻪﻛﺪﻨﻨﻛﻲﻣنﺎﻴﺑ هﺪﻧاركﺮﺤﻣ

ﻲﻣ ﺮﺛا ﺰﻴﻣآﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ كﺮﺤﻣ رﺎﻛدﻮﺧ شزادﺮﭘ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا دراﺬﮔ

ﺪﻫدﻲﻣﺶﻫﺎﻛارﺪﻨﻤﻓﺪﻫﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗمﺎﻈﻧﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ

.

ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ يﺮﻴﮔﻮﺳ ﺔﻨﻴﻣز رد تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ار ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﺎﻳ ﺮﻄﺧ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ تﺎﻋﻼﻃا شزادﺮﭘ باﺮﻄﺿا

صﺎﺼﺘﺧا ﻪﺑ ﺮﺠﻨﻣ فﺪﻫ ﻚﻳ ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ و ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻲﻣ ﻞﻴﻬﺴﺗ

ﻦﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻲﻣنآﻪﺑ ندادﺦﺳﺎﭘﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼ وﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗﻊﺒﻨﻣﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ

دﻮﺷ

.

ﻚﻫ وفﻼﮔاتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

]

20

[

ﭻﻧﺮﻓوﻖﻛ،

]

21

[

،

ﻲﻟداﺮﺑوﮓﻣ

]

22

[

ﻖﻛ، نارﺎﻜﻤﻫو

]

23

[

هداد نﺎﺸﻧ، ﻪﻛﺪﻧا

ﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ةﻮﻴﺷ ﻚﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻣآ ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﺑ بﺮﻄﻀﻣ داﺮﻓا

"

ﺪﻨﻫدﻲﻣﺦﺳﺎﭘرﺎﻛدﻮﺧ

.

ﻦﻳاﺪﺷهدادﻪﻛﻲﺗﺎﺤﻴﺿﻮﺗﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑلﺎﺒﻧﺪﺑﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

داﺮﻓادﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا وشزادﺮﭘ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛﺮﺑباﺮﻄﺿاﺮﺛا ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘﺖﻔﺻباﺮﻄﺿاوﻻﺎﺑﺖﻔﺻباﺮﻄﺿاياراد

.

رﺎﻜﻓاﺔﺑﺮﺠﺗوﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧﺢﻄﺳ رﺎﺸﻓﺮﭘيﺎﻬﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻪﻛﺎﺠﻧآزا ،ﺪﻫد ﻲﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻔﺻباﺮﻄﺿاﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا ردارﻢﺣاﺰﻣ ﺖﺤﺗﻪﻛددﺮﮔﻲﻣحﺮﻄﻣلاﺆﺳﻦﻳا باﺮﻄﺿاﺮﺛاﻂﻳاﺮﺷﻦﻳا

؟ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﻞﻤﻋﻪﻧﻮﮕﭼدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛاويﺪﻣآرﺎﻛﺮﺑ

رد لﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺣ يﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻲﻳاﺮﺟا ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﻪﻜﻨﻳا ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳا ،دراد يا هﺪﻤﻋﺶﻘﻧ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ هﺪﻴﭽﻴﭘ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

اﺮﭼ ﻪﻛ ﻢﻴﻫد ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﻚﻤﻛ ﺎﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

اردﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛاﻲﻫﺎﮔوشزادﺮﭘيﺪﻣآرﺎﻛباﺮﻄﺿا رد

ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺐﻳﺮﺨﺗ يرﺎﻤﺸﻴﺑ ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا

.

ﺔﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا

ياهﻮﻘﻟﺎﺑيﺎﻫﻢﺴﻴﻧﺎﻜﻣندﺮﻛﺺﺨﺸﻣردﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ،ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻲﺷزﻮﻣآﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ردباﺮﻄﺿاتاﺮﺛا ياﺮﺑﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛﺖﺳا ﺪﻧﻮﺷﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ

.

شور

ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﻲﺑﺮﺠﺗ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ شور زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا رد

.

دﻲﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛﻊﻄﻘﻣلوالﺎﺳ ﺮﺘﺧدنﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗهﺎﮕﺸﻧا

ﺪﻧﺪﺷﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔﺮﻈﻧرديرﺎﻣآﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ ناﺮﻬﺗﻢﻠﻌﻣ

. 283

بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد زا ﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗ رﻮﻄﺑ ﻮﺠﺸﻧاد ﺪﻧﺪﺷ

.

ﺖﻟﺎﺣ باﺮﻄﺿاﺖﻔﺻ ﺔﻫﺎﻴﺳ ﺎﻬﻴﻧدﻮﻣزآاﺪﺘﺑا

-ﺖﻔﺻ

ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ارﺮﮔﺮﺒﻠﻴﭙﺳا

.

طﺎﻘﻧﺲﭙﺳ

25

و

75

يﺪﺻرد

داﺪﻌﺗ و ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ تاﺮﻤﻧ ﻊﻳزﻮﺗ

48

ﺮﻓا ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ ﺮﻔﻧ ياراد دا

ةﺮﻤﻧﺎﺑﻻﺎﺑﺖﻔﺻباﺮﻄﺿا

50

ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑﺎﻳ

)

،ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

54.20

و

،دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳافاﺮﺤﻧا

2.50 (

و

48

باﺮﻄﺿاﺎﺑداﺮﻓاناﻮﻨﻌﺑﺮﻔﻧ

ةﺮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺖﻔﺻ

36

ﺮﺗ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ و

)

،ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ

32.72

و

،دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳافاﺮﺤﻧا

1.98 (

ﺪﻧﺪﺷبﺎﺨﺘﻧا

.

ﺶﻴﭘ مودﺔﻠﺣﺮﻣرد

ا ياراد يﺎﻬﻫوﺮﮔ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ياﺮﺟا زا

و ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻔﺻ باﺮﻄﺿ

وﺶﻳﺎﻣزآهوﺮﮔودﻪﺑﻲﻓدﺎﺼﺗرﻮﻃﻪﺑﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘﺖﻔﺻباﺮﻄﺿا ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗلﺮﺘﻨﻛ هوﺮﮔ ود

)

هوﺮﮔ ﺮﻫ

24

ﺮﻔﻧ

.(

هوﺮﮔود

هوﺮﮔودوﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗدﻮﺧﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗﺔﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑضﺮﻌﻣردﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﺪﻧدﺮﻜﻧ ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ارﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻦﻳا لﺮﺘﻨﻛ

.

ﻲﺗﺎﺤﻴﺿﻮﺗ ﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗﺎﺑ

ﻪﺑﻲﻫﺪﺨﺳﺎﭘنﺎﻣزصﻮﺼﺧردﻪﻛ ﻲﮕﻧﻮﮕﭼوﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗءاﺰﺟا

مﺎﺠﻧا ﻪﺑ ،ﺪﺷ هداد ﺎﻬﻴﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻴﻠﻛ ﺔﺤﻔﺻ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﺘﺧادﺮﭘنﺪﻧاﻮﺧيﺎﻨﺧاﺮﻓﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ

.

ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗمﺎﻤﺗازاﺪﻌﺑ ،

نﺎﻣز

ﺪﺷ ﻲﻣ ﺖﺒﺛ ﺶﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﺔﺤﻔﺻ ﺮﺑ ﺎﻬﻴﻧدﻮﻣزآ

.

و ﺎﻫراﺰﺑا زا

ﺪﺷهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﻬﻴﻧدﻮﻣزآﺶﺠﻨﺳياﺮﺑﺮﻳزيﺎﻬﺷور

.

ﺖﻟﺎﺣ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺔﻫﺎﻴﺳ

-ﺖﻔﺻ

)

STAI

(

:

ﻦﻳا ﻪﻫﺎﻴﺳ

ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻠﻴﭙﺳاﻂﺳﻮﺗ

) 1983 (

ﻦﻳاردﻪﻛﺖﺳاهﺪﺷﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

ﺖﺳا هﺪﻳدﺮﮔهدﺎﻔﺘﺳانآ ﺖﻔﺻﺔﻫﺎﻴﺳزا

.

ﺖﻔﺻ ﺶﺨﺑ

20

تﺮﻜﻴﻟ سﺎﻴﻘﻣزاهدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﺎﺑﻪﻛدراد هدﺎﻣ زايا ﻪﻨﻣاد ﺎﺑ

1

)

ﺰﮔﺮﻫ ﺎﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ

(

ﺎﺗ

4 )

ﻪﺸﻴﻤﻫ

(

دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ يراﺬﮔ هﺮﻤﻧ

.

رد

ﻦﻴﺑياهﺮﻤﻧعﻮﻤﺠﻣ

20

ﺎﺗ

80

ﮔﻲﻣﺖﺒﺛدﺮﻓﺮﻫياﺮﺑ ددﺮ

.

ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻠﻴﭙﺳا ﻂﺳﻮﺗ راﺰﺑا ﻦﻳا ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و

]

28

[

ياﺮﺑ ،

،ﺖﻔﺻ ﺶﺨﺑ رد نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد

86 ./

ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ

.

رد

يﺮﻬﺷﻲﻫﺎﻨﭘﻂﺳﻮﺗراﺰﺑاﻦﻳاناﺮﻳا

]

25

[

وهﺪﺷﻲﺑﺎﻳرﺎﺠﻨﻫ،

ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘﺮﺘﺧدنﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧادياﺮﺑ

90 ./

ﺪﻣآﺖﺳدﻪﺑ ه

.

ﻦﻳاردو

ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘخﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛ يﺎﻔﻟآ ﻖﻳﺮﻃزا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

85 ./

ﻪﺒﺳﺎﺤﻣ ﺪﺷ ه

ﺖﺳا

.

نﺪﻧاﻮﺧ يﺎﻨﺧاﺮﻓ نﻮﻣزآ

RST) 5

(

:

ﻂﺳﻮﺗ نﻮﻣزآ ﻦﻳا

ﺮﺘﻨﭘرﺎﻛ وﻦﻤﻴﻧاد

]

26

[

ﺖﺳا هﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ،

.

ﻪﻛ هﺪﺷ ضﺮﻓ

لﺎﻌﻓﺔﻈﻓﺎﺣﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷجاوويﺰﻛﺮﻣﻲﻳاﺮﺟادﺮﻛرﺎﻛراﺰﺑاﻦﻳا ﺪﻫدﻲﻣ راﺮﻗ ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا درﻮﻣ ار

.

]

2

[

.

ﻞﻣﺎﺷ نﻮﻣزآ ﻦﻳا

27

(4)

ياﻪﻠﻤﺟﺶﺷ،ياﻪﻠﻤﺟﺞﻨﭘ،ياﻪﻠﻤﺟرﺎﻬﭼ،ياﻪﻠﻤﺟﻪﺳ ﺖﺳاهﺪﺷ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻢﻴﺴﻘﺗ يا ﻪﻠﻤﺟﺖﻔﻫ و

.

ﺮﻫ ﻪﺑﺎﻬﻴﻧدﻮﻣزآ

شﻮﮔهﺪﺷ هﺪﻧاﻮﺧتﻼﻤﺟزاﺶﺨﺑ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﻫد ﺎﻬﻧآزاﺲﭙﺳو

ﺪﻨﻫد مﺎﺠﻧا ار رﺎﻛ ود ﺎﺗ دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺘﺳاﻮﺧ

:

ﺺﻴﺨﺸﺗ ،لوا

ﺮﻴﺧﺎﻳﺖﺳاﺖﺳردﻲﻳﺎﻨﻌﻣﺮﻈﻧزاتﻼﻤﺟﺎﻳآﻪﻛﺪﻨﻫد

.

،مود

ﺪﻧروﺎﻴﺑ ﺮﻃﺎﺨﺑ ار ﻪﻠﻤﺟ ﺮﻫ ﺔﻤﻠﻛ ﻦﻳﺮﺧآ

.

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا رد

ﻦﻳا يﺮﺗﻮﻴﭙﻣﺎﻛ مﺮﻓ ﺮﮔ ﻪﻠﺧاﺪﻣ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﺮﺛا ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ياﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ نﻮﻣزآ ﺪﺷ

ﺖﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣو

.

مﺎﺠﻧازاﺲﭘ

ﺎﻬﻴﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ نﻮﻣزآ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘ

ﻦﻳا نﻮﻣزآ ﺲﭘ

كﺎﻴﻣوﻦﻣﺪﻳﺮﻓ ﺔﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣردﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ

]

27

[

ودﻲﻧﺎﻣز ﺔﻠﺻﺎﻓﺎﺑ،

ﻔﻫ ﻪﺘ

81 ./

رد، ﭻﻴﻫﺔﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫو

]

28

[

لﺎﺴﻜﻳزاﺲﭘ،

71 ./

نﺎﻤﻜﺑ ﺔﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد و نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و

]

29

[

ﺲﭘ ،

ﺖﺸﻫ زا

ﻪﺘﻔﻫ

70 ./

ﺪﺷشراﺰﮔ

.

ردنﻮﻣزآﻦﻳاﻲﻳﺎﻳﺎﭘناﺰﻴﻣﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ

تاﺮﻤﻧ نﺎﻴﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ

نﻮﻣزآﺎﺑودزاﻞﺻﺎﺣ

20

لوالﺎﺳﺮﺘﺧد نﺎﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧادزاﺮﻔﻧ

ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﺎﺑ ﻲﻧﺎﻣز

3

ﺎﺑﺮﺑاﺮﺑﻪﺘﻔﻫ

81 ./

دﻮﺑ

.

ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ

:

ﻳادﺎﺠﻳاياﺮﺑ ﺔﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑﻚﻳزاﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣﻦ

دﻮﺧﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ سﻮﻣاروﻮﻟﺎﻛ

]

30

[

ﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﺷهد

.

ودردﺎﻬﻴﻧدﻮﻣزآ

ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زاهﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ رد ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ مﺎﺠﻧا زا ﻞﺒﻗ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ هوﺮﮔ ﺖﻓﺎﻳردارﻲﺗارﺎﺒﻋاﺪﺻﺶﺨﭘيﺎﻬﻴﺷﻮﮔوﻲﺗﻮﺻراﺰﻓامﺮﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ﻲﻣ داد ﻲﻣ شزﻮﻣآ ﺎﻬﻧآ

"

ﺎﻤﺷ

ضﺮﻌﻣ رد

ﺎﻤﻴﻘﺘﺴﻣ ﺪﻳروآ ﻲﻣ

"

رد ﺎﻤﺷ ﻲﺗاذ يﺎﻬﻴﻳﺎﻧاﻮﺗ و شﻮﻫ ﺎﺑ

ﺖﺳا طﺎﺒﺗرا

.

تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﺘﺷﺬﮔ ﺖﺳا

ناﺮﺴﭘ ﻪﻛ

ﻻﻮﻤﻌﻣ

"

زاﺮﺘﻬﺑ ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ ﻦﻳا رد رد ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻣﻞﻤﻋ ناﺮﺘﺧد

ﺐﺴﻛ ﻪﻛ يا هﺮﻤﻧ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ

ﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ

ﻨ ﺎﻬﻴﺳﻼﻜﻤﻫ ﺮﻳﺎﺳ ﺎﺑ ﺪ

ﺪﺣ زا هﺪﺷ ﺐﺴﻛ ةﺮﻤﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ و ددﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ وددﺮﮔﻲﻣﺖﺒﺛﺪﺷﺎﺑﺮﺘﻤﻛﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗهوﺮﮔهاﻮﺨﻟددرﻮﻣبﺎﺼﻧ ددﺮﮔ ظﺎﺤﻟﺎﻤﺷﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘﻲﻨﺤﻨﻣ ردﺖﺳا ﻦﻜﻤﻣ

.

ﺪﻴﻳﺎﻤﻧﺐﺴﻛارهﺮﻤﻧﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑﺪﻴﻨﻛﻲﻌﺳﺪﻳﺎﺑﺲﭘ

" .

ﻪﻠﺻﺎﻓﻼﺑ

نﺪﻧاﻮﺧيﺎﻨﺧاﺮﻓﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ ﺎﻬﻧآﻪﺑ

ﺰﻴﻧ ﺮﮕﻧﻮﻣزآوﺪﺷ ﻲﻣﻪﺋارا

رﺎﻨﻛردﻲﻟﺪﻨﺻﻚﻳيورﺮﺑﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗﻞﻣﺎﻋﻚﻳناﻮﻨﻋﻪﺑدﻮﺧ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻬﻧآ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ةﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣﻪﺑ ﻚﻳدﺰﻧ زا و ﺖﺴﺸﻧ ﻲﻣ ﺎﻬﻧآ ﺖﺧادﺮﭘ

.

ﻲﻨﻫذشﻼﺗناﺰﻴﻣيﺪﻨﺑﻪﺟردسﺎﻴﻘﻣ

:

مﺎﺠﻧازاﺲﭘ

ﻦﻳا ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ياﺮﺑﺎﻬﻴﻧدﻮﻣزآﻪﻛ ﻲﻨﻫذ شﻼﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ،ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ ﻖﻳﺮﻃزاﺪﻧدﺮﻛ فﺮﺻ ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ

ﻪﻛ يﺪﻨﺑ ﻪﺟردسﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻚﻳ

ز ﻂﺳﻮﺗ اﺮﺘﺴﺠﻠﻳ

[31]

ﻪﻴﻬﺗ

درﻮﻣ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ

ﻲﺑﺎﻳزرا راﺮﻗ

ﺖﻓﺮﮔ

.

ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺎﺗ ﺪﺷ ﻪﺘﺳاﻮﺧ ﺎﻬﻴﻧدﻮﻣزآ زا سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا رد ﺺﺨﺸﻣﺎﺑﺪﻧاهدﻮﻤﻧﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗمﺎﺠﻧافﺮﺻﻪﻛارﻲﻨﻫذشﻼﺗ

ﺪﻨﻧﺰﺑﻦﻴﻤﺨﺗ رﺎﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘيور ﺮﺑ ﻲﺘﻣﻼﻋندﺮﻛ

.

شﻼﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ

رﺎﺘﺳﻮﻴﭘ ﻚﻳيور ﺮﺑ

9

زايا ﻪﺟرد

mm

2 )

ﻼﺻا

"

ﭻﻴﻫ

ماهدﺮﻜﻧﻲﺷﻼﺗ

(

ﺎﺗ

mm

112 )

ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻨﻴﺑشﻼﺗ

(

ﺺﺨﺸﻣ

لوﺪﺟ 1 -ﻴﺻﻮﺗ يﺎﻬﺼﺧﺎﺷ هوﺮﮔ رﺎﻬﭼ رد ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﻔ

ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ

باﺮﻄﺿا ﺎﻬﻫوﺮﮔ

ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘﺳا فاﺮﺤﻧا

يﺎﻬﺨﺳﺎﭘداﺪﻌﺗ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ

ﻻﺎﺑ

ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ

29.25 3.83

لﺮﺘﻨﻛ

31.50 2.57

ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ

ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ

32.16 3.66

لﺮﺘﻨﻛ

30.04 3.45

ﻲﻨﻫذشﻼﺗ

ﻻﺎﺑ

ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ

58.83 17.80

لﺮﺘﻨﻛ

55.83 18.41

ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ

ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ

42.58 11.65

لﺮﺘﻨﻛ

45.08 14.01

نﺎﻣزناﺰﻴﻣ

ﻻﺎﺑ

ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ

522.87 43.92

لﺮﺘﻨﻛ

501.37 54.78

ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ

ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ

466.58 69.06

لﺮﺘﻨﻛ

516.37 51.14

لوﺪﺟ 2 . ﺢﻴﺤﺻ يﺎﻬﺨﺳﺎﭘ داﺪﻌﺗ رد ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ﻪﺻﻼﺧ

ﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ

تاروﺬﺠﻣ عﻮﻤﺠﻣ يدازآ تﺎﺟرد

تاروﺬﺠﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴ

ﺖﺒﺴﻧ F يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ

باﺮﻄﺿا

76

/ 12 1

76 / 12 09

/ 1 299

./

ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻂﻳاﺮﺷ

94

/ 0 1

94 / 0 008

/ 0 929

./

باﺮﻄﺿا

×

ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻂﻳاﺮﺷ

84

/ 114 1

84 / 114 83

/ 9 002

/ 0

ﺎﻄﺧ

79

/ 1074 92

68 / 11

(5)

ـــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ورﺎﺸﻓﺮﭘﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣوﺖﻔﺻباﺮﻄﺿاﺮﺛاﺔﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ29 هرود ،يرﺎﺘﻓر مﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ 2 هرﺎﻤﺷ ، 1 رﺎﻬﺑ ، 1387

JBS, Vol 2, No. 1, 2008

ﺪﺷ .

ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ

ﺎﻫ

لوﺪﺟ 1 ﺮﮕﻧﺎﻳﺎﻤﻧ يﺎﻬﺨﺳﺎﭘ داﺪﻌﺗ رد يرﺎﻣآ يﺎﻫ ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣهوﺮﮔرﺎﻬﭼردنﺎﻣزوﻲﻨﻫذشﻼﺗناﺰﻴﻣ،ﺢﻴﺤﺻ . ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗزاﺎﻬﻫوﺮﮔيرﺎﻣآ توﺎﻔﺗ نﺪﺷﻦﺷورياﺮﺑ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔهدﺎﻔﺘﺳا . ﻴﻠﺤﺗ نﻮﻣزآﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ يﺎﻬﺨﺳﺎﭘ داﺪﻌﺗرد ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ود ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﻞ ﺮﺛاﻪﻛدادنﺎﺸﻧﺎﻬﻴﻧدﻮﻣزآﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷوباﺮﻄﺿاﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺖﺳا رادﺎﻨﻌﻣﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ .

F (0/05, 1,92)= 9.830 , P ,<

./002 . ﻲﻨﻌﻣماﺪﻜﭽﻴﻫﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗﻂﻳاﺮﺷوباﺮﻄﺿاﻲﻠﺻاﺮﺛا دﻮﺒﻧراد . ﺘﺳاﻻﺎﺑلوﺪﺟزاﻪﻛﻪﻧﻮﮕﻧﺎﻤﻫ ددﺮﮔﻲﻣطﺎﺒﻨ ﻞﻣﺎﻋﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗﺮﺛا ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ و باﺮﻄﺿا ﺢﻴﺤﺻ يﺎﻫ ﺦﺳﺎﭘ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺮﺑ ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ ﻲﻣﻼﻛ ﺪﺷهﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ

F(0/05, 1, 88) = 9.63 , P <

./003 . ﺎﻬﻫوﺮﮔماﺪﻛ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﻦﻴﺑتوﺎﻔﺗ دﻮﺷﺺﺨﺸﻣﻪﻜﻨﻳاياﺮﺑ نﻮﻣزآ زا ﺎﻬﻫوﺮﮔ نﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﻢﺠﺣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﺖﺳا رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳاﻲﻛﻮﺗ ﻲﺒﻴﻘﻌﺗ . ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﺮﻳز لوﺪﺟ ﮔ ﺪﻫدﻲﻣنﺎﺸﻧودﻪﺑودارﺎﻬﻫوﺮ . هوﺮﮔﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﻦﻴﺑ توﺎﻔﺗﺎﻬﻨﺗ ددﺮﮔﻲﻣﻪﻈﺣﻼﻣﻪﭽﻧﺎﻨﭼ 1 هوﺮﮔ ﺎﺑ 3 ﺢﻄﺳ رد 05 ./ ﺪﺷﺎﺑﻲﻣرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ . ﻪﻛ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘباﺮﻄﺿاﺎﺑهوﺮﮔوﻻﺎﺑباﺮﻄﺿاﺎﺑهوﺮﮔﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﺑ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد راﺮﻗ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ردود ﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ دراددﻮﺟو . ﺎﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻔﺻباﺮﻄﺿاﺎﺑهوﺮﮔﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ دﻮﺧ ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﺔﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﻛ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺎﺑ هوﺮﮔ ﺲﻜﻋﺮﺑ و ﻪﺘﺷاد ار ﺢﻴﺤﺻ يﺎﻬﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻪﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ ﻦﻳا ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻪﺘﺷادارﺢﻴﺤﺻيﺎﻬﺨﺳﺎﭘ ﺪﻧا . ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗنﻮﻣزآ دﻪﻫارودﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﻲﻨﻫذشﻼﺗناﺰﻴﻣر ﻪﻛدادنﺎﺸﻧﺎﻬﻴﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﻂﻳاﺮﺷوباﺮﻄﺿاﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗﺮﺛا دﻮﺒﻧ راد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻲﻨﻫذ شﻼﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣﺮﺑ . باﺮﻄﺿا ﻲﻠﺻا ﺮﺛا دﻮﺑرادﻲﻨﻌﻣ .

F(0/05, 1,92) = 17.704 , P < .000

. باﺮﻄﺿا ﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ لوﺪﺟ 3 . ﺎﻫ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ود ﻪﺑ ود ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻪﺘﺴﺑاو ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺎﻬﻫوﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ ﺢﻄﺳ يﺎﻫﺦﺳﺎﭘداﺪﻌﺗ ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗردﺢﻴﺤﺻ ﻲﻣﻼﻛ هوﺮﮔ 1 هوﺮﮔ 2 هوﺮﮔ 3 هوﺮﮔ 4 25 / 2 91 / 2 79 ./ 11 ./ 02 ./ 85 ./ هوﺮﮔ 2 هوﺮﮔ 3 هوﺮﮔ 4 66 ./ 45 / 1 90 ./ 45 ./ هوﺮﮔ 3 هوﺮﮔ 4 12 / 2 14 ./ P < ./05

(6)

ﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﻨﻫذ شﻼﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ ،ﺪﻧا هدﻮﺒﻧ ﺪﻧاﻪﺘﺷادﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘﺖﻔﺻباﺮﻄﺿا

.

ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ نﺎﻣز ناﺰﻴﻣ رد ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ نﻮﻣزآﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﺑﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ وباﺮﻄﺿاﻲﻠﻣﺎﻌﺗ ﺮﺛا ﻲﻨﻌﻣنﺎﻣزناﺰﻴﻣ

دﻮﺑراد

.

F (0/05, 1,92) = 9.900 , P < .002

ﻲﻠﺻاﺮﺛا

اﺮﻄﺿا دﻮﺒﻧرادﻲﻨﻌﻣب

.

ﺔﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺎﺑ هوﺮﮔ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺎﻫ

ار نﺎﻣز ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ ﺪﻧدﺮﻛﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗمﺎﺠﻧافﺮﺻ

.

و

ﺚﺤﺑ

ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ

يﺮﻴﮔ

ﻪﺑ باﺮﻄﺿا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳاهدﻮﺑ راﺬﮔﺮﺛاﺎﻬﻴﻧدﻮﻣزآ ﻲﻨﻫذ شﻼﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣﺮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎﻬﻨﺗ

.

فﺮﺻ يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑﻲﻨﻫذ شﻼﺗ بﺮﻄﻀﻣداﺮﻓاﻪﻛ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳﺪ

ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ

.

ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘباﺮﻄﺿاﺎﺑداﺮﻓادﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋوﺎﻬﻧآدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻦﻴﺑﺎﻣا ﺪﺸﻧ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﺢﻴﺤﺻ يﺎﻬﺨﺳﺎﭘ داﺪﻌﺗ رد

.

ارشزادﺮﭘيﺪﻣآرﺎﻛباﺮﻄﺿاﺖﻓرﻲﻣرﺎﻈﺘﻧاﻪﻛﻪﻧﻮﮕﻧﺎﻤﻫ دﺮﻛ ﺐﻳﺮﺨﺗ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ

.

ﺗ رد ﻪﻜﻨﻳا ﺢﻴﺿﻮ

اﺮﭼ خريﺮﺛاﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺮﺛاودباﺮﻄﺿاﺖﻔﮔناﻮﺗﻲﻣﺪﻫدﻲﻣ

درادشزادﺮﭘمﺎﻈﻧﺮﺑﻢﻬﻣ

.

ﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗباﺮﻄﺿاﻪﻜﻨﻳالوا

ﺔﻈﻓﺎﺣﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣﺐﺣﺎﺼﺗﺮﺳﺮﺑﺎﻬﻨﻳاﻪﻛﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﻢﺣاﺰﻣرﺎﻜﻓاو ﺪﻧزادﺮﭘ ﻲﻣﺶﻜﻤﺸﻛ و ﺖﺑﺎﻗر ﻪﺑ لﺎﻌﻓ

.

ﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧ ﻪﻜﻨﻳامود

ار داﺮﻓا ،ﻲﺷﺰﻴﮕﻧا دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ ﻚﻳ ناﻮﻨﻌﺑ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ياﺮﺑ

ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ ﺖﻳاﺪﻫ ﻲﻧاﺮﺒﺟ يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار

.

ﻲﻧاﺮﺒﺟ يﺎﻫدﺮﺒﻫار

ﻨﻣ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛاﺮﺑباﺮﻄﺿاﻲﻔﻨﻣ تاﺮﺛاﺶﻫﺎﻛﻪﺑﺮﺠ

ددﺮﮔﻲﻣ

]

6

[

.

دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻪﺑ طﻮﺑﺮﻣ يﺎﻬﻴﻧاﺮﮕﻧ ﻊﻗاو رد

)

ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ

"

دﻮﺧ

ﻲﻔﻨﻣ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺷزرا

(

ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﺎﺗ دﺰﻴﮕﻧا ﻲﻣ ﺮﺑ ار بﺮﻄﻀﻣ داﺮﻓا

ﻌﻳ ،ﺪﻨﻫد صﺎﺼﺘﺧا ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ ﻪﺑ ار ﻲﻓﺎﺿا شزادﺮﭘ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ ﻲﻨ

ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛاﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺘﺑبﺮﻄﻀﻣداﺮﻓاﺎﺗدﻮﺷﻲﻣهﺪﻧاﻮﺧاﺮﻓﻲﻓﺎﺿا ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻜﻳﺢﻄﺳردبﺮﻄﻀﻣﺮﻴﻏداﺮﻓاﺎﺑﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣرداردﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ

ﻛ ﻆﻔﺣ

ﺪﻨﻨ لﺎﺒﻧﺪﺑ اريﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ شﻼﺗ دﺮﺒﻫارﻦﻳا ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ رد،

دراد

.

ﻪﺘﺷادﻪﻧﺎﻳاﺮﮔلﺎﻤﻛتﻼﻳﺎﻤﺗﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗﻲﻣبﺮﻄﻀﻣداﺮﻓا ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ

ﻼﺻةرﺎﺑردﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧو

دﻮﺧﺖﻴﺣ

، ردﺎﺗﺪﻧاﺰﻴﮕﻧاﻲﻣﺮﺑارﺎﻬﻧآ

ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﻳ ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ ندﺮﻛ راﺮﻜﺗ ﻞﺜﻣ ﺎﻬﻳﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا زا ﻲﻀﻌﺑ دﻮﺒﻬﺑ ار نﺎﺷدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﻮﺷ ﺮﻴﮔرد شﻼﺗ ﺪﻨﺸﺨﺑ

.

ﺗ ﻮﻠﻴﺘﺳﺎﻛ و ،ﻮﻟﺎﻛ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤ

]

32

[

ﻚﻧﺰﻳآو ﻮﻟﺎﻛ ،

]

33

[

و ﻮﻟﺎﻛ ،

ﺰﻨﻤﻴﺟ

]

34

[

ﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗ رد بﺮﻄﻀﻣداﺮﻓا ﻪﻛ ﺪﻫد ﻲﻣ نﺎﺸﻧ ، ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا نﺪﻧاﻮﺧ لﻮﻃ رد ﻲﺸﻳﻮﮔ ﻲﻨﻫذ روﺮﻣ و

.

ﻚﻳ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﻪﻜﻴﻧﺎﻣزﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ و ﻻﺎﺑ باﺮﻄﺿاﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺴﻜﻳ،ﺖﺷاددﻮﺟوﻲﻧاﺮﺒﺟيﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا دﻮﺑنﺎ

.

سﻮﺘﻧﺎﺳ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و

]

35

[

نﺪﻨﻴﻟرﺪﻧا و ﺖﻴﻠﻛ و

]

36

[

رد

ﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ دﻮﺧ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

باﺮﻄﺿا ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺖﺳد ﻪ

زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا بﺮﻄﻀﻣ داﺮﻓا و ﺪﻨﻛ ﻲﻣ دﺎﺠﻳا يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛﺎﻧ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ار ﻲﻧاﺮﺒﺟ يﺎﻬﻳﮋﺗاﺮﺘﺳا

ﺪﻨﻫد ﻲﻣ

.

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ وﻦﻳودﺎﻫﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗﺎﺑﺰﻴﻧﺮﺿﺎﺣ

]

10

[

ا و وﺖﻓاﺮﻜﺷ

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ

]

11

[

ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻲﻣ ﻮﺴﻤﻫ

.

شﻼﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺔﺟﻮﺘﻣ ﺎﻬﻧآ

و ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺮﻄﻀﻣيﺎﻬﻴﻧدﻮﻣزآ رد يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﺎﻛﺮﺘﺸﻣ

"

ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ

ﺎﻳ ﺖﺳدﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ يﺮﺛادﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛاردباﺮﻄﺿاﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺘﻓ

ﺖﺳاﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧ

.

27 28 29 30 31 32 33

ﻻﺎﺑباﺮﻄﺿا ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘباﺮﻄﺿا

ﺶﻳﺎﻣزﺁ لﺮﺘ ﻨﮐ

رادﻮﻤﻧ

1 :

ﺦﺳﺎﭘداﺪﻌﺗ وﻻﺎﺑباﺮﻄﺿاﺎﺑداﺮﻓاﺢﻴﺤﺻيﺎﻫ

هوﺮﮔردﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ لﺮﺘﻨﻛوﺶﻳﺎﻣزآيﺎﻫ

0 20 40 60

ﻻﺎﺑباﺮﻄﺿا ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘباﺮﻄﺿا

رادﻮﻤﻧ

2 :

ﻻﺎﺑباﺮﻄﺿاﺎﺑداﺮﻓاهوﺮﮔودردﻲﻨﻫذشﻼﺗناﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘباﺮﻄﺿاو

430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530

ﻻﺎ ﺑباﺮﻄﺿا نﯽﻳ ﺎ ﭘباﺮﻄ ﺿا

ﺶﻳﺎﻣزﺁ لﺮﺘ ﻨﮐ

رادﻮﻤﻧ

3 :

ردﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘوﻻﺎﺑباﺮﻄﺿاﺎﺑداﺮﻓانﺎﻣزناﺰﻴﻣ هوﺮﮔ لﺮﺘﻨﻛوﺶﻳﺎﻣزآيﺎﻫ

(7)

ـــــــــ ــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ ورﺎﺸﻓﺮﭘﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣوﺖﻔﺻباﺮﻄﺿاﺮﺛاﺔﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

31

هرود ،يرﺎﺘﻓر مﻮﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﺠﻣ 2

هرﺎﻤﺷ ، 1 رﺎﻬﺑ ، 1387

JBS, Vol 2, No. 1, 2008

ﻪﻛدادنﺎﺸﻧﺪﻣآﺖﺳدﻪﺑﺶﻫوﮋﭘﻦﻳازاﻪﻛيﺮﮕﻳدﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ سﺮﺘﺳاﺮﭘ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣرد ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻔﺻ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا ﻪﻜﻴﻧﺎﻣز

)

دﻮﺧﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ

(

فﺮﺻيﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑنﺎﻣزﻪﻜﻨﻳاﻢﻏﺮﻴﻠﻋﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ

آرﺎﻛوﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗمﺎﺠﻧا يﺪﻣ

ﺎﻬﻧآشزادﺮﭘ ،ﺖﻓﺎﻳﺶﻫﺎﻛ

ﺖﺤﺗ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻨﻴﻳﺎﭘ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ ﺎﻬﻧآ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺎﻬﻧآ دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا و دﻮﺒﻧ نﺎﺴﻜﻳ ﺪﻧدﻮﺑ ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ ﺪﺷﺐﻳﺮﺨﺗ

.

مﺎﺠﻧاﺮﺑﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣرﺎﺸﻓتاﺮﺛاﻲﺳرﺮﺑرد

RST

كراد

]

37

[

و

ﻲﻨﺘﻳو وگرﻮﺳ

]

3

[

رﺎﺸﻓﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ ﻚﻳ زا

)

ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﺔﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ

دﻮﺧ

(

هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا دﺮﻛشراﺰﮔ و ﺪﻧ

باﺮﻄﺿاﺎﺑداﺮﻓا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻪﻛ

ﺖﻓﺎﻳ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺎﺑ داﺮﻓا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻻﺎﺑ

.

رد

ﻚﻧﺰﻳآ و ﻮﻟﺎﻛ ﺔﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ

]

33

[

نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﻮﻟﺎﻛ ،

]

6

[

ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ،

ﺪﺸﻧ شراﺰﮔ ﻲﺠﻳﺎﺘﻧ

.

ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺢﻴﺿﻮﺗ رد

ﻲﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ

كﺮﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ صﺎﺼﺘﺧا باﺮﻄﺿا ﻪﻛ دﺮﻛ نﺎﻴﺑ ناﻮﺗ

د ﻲﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ار ﺰﻴﻣآ ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ باﺮﻄﺿا ﻪﻛ ﻲﻨﻌﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑﺪﻫ

ﺎﻋﻮﻧ

"

ﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗﺮﺑﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﻲﻣﺶﻫﺎﻛارمﺎﺠﻧاﺖﺳدرد

ﺪﻫد

.

ﺎﺤﻴﺟﺮﺗ بﺮﻄﻀﻣ داﺮﻓا

"

ﻪﺑ ار دﻮﺧ ﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗ ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ

ﺪﻨﻫدﻲﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺰﻴﻣآ ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ كﺮﺤﻣ

]

38

[

.

نﻮﺳارﺎﺳ

]

39

[

ﺎﺒﻟﺎﻏﻲﻧاﺮﮕﻧزايﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑحﻮﻄﺳﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣنﺎﻴﺑ

"

حﻮﻄﺳﺎﺑ

ﺖﺳاﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋزاﻲﻨﻴﻳﺎﭘ

.

ﻗو راﺮﻗ ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ رد ﻻﺎﺑ ﺖﻔﺻ باﺮﻄﺿا ﺎﺑ دﺮﻓ ﻲﺘ

ﻲﻣ ﺪﺑﺎﻳﻲﻣﺶﻳاﺰﻓاﺖﻟﺎﺣباﺮﻄﺿادﺮﻴﮔ

.

وﻚﻧﺰﻳآ ﻮﻟﺎﻛ

]

5

[

ﻴﻣآﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗيﺎﻬﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣردﺖﻟﺎﺣباﺮﻄﺿاﻪﻛﺪﻨﻨﻛﻲﻣنﺎﻴﺑ ﺰ

ﻪﺼﻴﺼﺧباﺮﻄﺿاﻖﻳﺮﻃزاﻲﻠﺑﺎﻘﺗرﻮﻄﺑوﺪﻫدﻲﻣخر ويا

ددﺮﮔ ﻲﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ ﻲﺘﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ سﺮﺘﺳا

.

ردﺎﻗ دﺮﻓ ﺖﻟﺎﺣ ﻦﻳا رد

ﺖﺴﻴﻧ ﺪﻧاﻮﺘﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧاﺰﻴﮕﻧاﺮﺑ ار رﺎﺘﻓر زا ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻣ يﻮﮕﻟا ﺎﺗ

ﻲﻋﻮﺿﻮﻣ ﺎﻳ ﻪﻌﻗاو ﺮﻴﺴﻔﺗ

فﺪﻫ ندﺮﻛ ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ لﺎﺣ رد ﻪﻛ

ﺪﻫدﺮﻴﻴﻐﺗﺎﻳﺪﻨﻛفﺮﻃﺮﺑارﺖﺳادﻮﺟﻮﻣ

.

زا دﺮﻓ ﻦﺘﺷادزﺎﺑ رد ار يرادزﺎﺑ دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ باﺮﻄﺿا ﻞﺘﺨﻣﻂﺒﺗﺮﻣﺎﻧيﺎﻬﻛﺮﺤﻣﻪﺑﻪﺟﻮﺗزاوﺢﻴﺤﺻﺎﻧيﺎﻫﺦﺳﺎﭘ ﺪﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻲﻣ

.

تاﺮﺛا ﻦﻳا

ﺎﺻﻮﺼﺧ باﺮﻄﺿا ﻲﻔﻨﻣ

"

رﻮﻀﺣ رد

ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻲﺜﻨﺧ يﺎﻬﻛﺮﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺰﻴﻣآ ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ يﺎﻬﻛﺮﺤﻣ ﺖﺳا

.

ﻲﻣ هﺪﻳد بﺮﻄﻀﻣ داﺮﻓا رد هﺪﺷ ﺐﻳﺮﺨﺗ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ دﻮﺷ

.

راﺮﻗﺮﻴﺛﺎﺗﺖﺤﺗ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗﻲﻣﻲﻧﺎﻣزﺰﻴﻧدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﻲﺸﺨﺑﺮﺛا ﻲﺜﻨﺧ ﻪﻧﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﺰﻴﻣآ ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﺎﻬﻛﺮﺤﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ دﺮﻴﮕﺑ ،

ﻞﻴﻟﺪﺑ

ﺪﻬﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ ﻪﺑ بﺮﻄﻀﻣ داﺮﻓا ﻪﻜﻨﻳا ةﻮﻴﺷ ﻚﻳ ﻪﺑ ﺰﻴﻣآ ﺪﻳ

ﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ

"

ﺦﺳﺎﭘهﺪﻧاركﺮﺤﻣﻲﻬﺟﻮﺗﻢﺘﺴﻴﺳﻖﻳﺮﻃزارﺎﻛدﻮﺧ ﺪﻨﻫدﻲﻣ

.

ﻪﻛدادنﺎﺸﻧﺪﻣآﺖﺳدﻪﺑﺶﻫوﮋﭘﻦﻳازاﻪﻛيﺮﮕﻳدﺔﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺎﺑهوﺮﮔﻪﺑطﻮﺑﺮﻣدﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋﺢﻄﺳﻦﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ باﺮﻄﺿا

دﻮﺑﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ

ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷرد ﻪﻛ

)

دﻮﺧ ﺪﻳﺪﻬﺗ ﺔﻣﺎﻧﺮﺑ

(

ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ

.

ﻛ هوﺮﮔ ﺎﺑهوﺮﮔ ﻦﻳا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺖﺷاد يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣفﻼﺘﺧا لﺮﺘﻨ

.

ﻚﻳ باﺮﻄﺿا ﻪﻜﻨﻳا ﺮﺑ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ يﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻲﻣ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻲﮕﺘﺨﻴﮕﻧاﺮﺑ زا يا ﻪﻨﻴﻬﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ و دراد ﻲﺷﺰﻴﮕﻧا دﺮﻛرﺎﻛ باﺮﻄﺿاﺎﺑداﺮﻓارداردﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋزاﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑﺢﻄﺳﺖﺳاﻪﺘﺴﻧاﻮﺗ ﺪﻨﻛدﺎﺠﻳاﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘﻲﺘﻔﺻ

.

دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋوباﺮﻄﺿاﻦﻴﺑطﺎﺒﺗراﺶﻫوﮋﭘﻦﻳاردﻪﻜﻨﻳاﻪﺻﻼﺧ ﺎﺣ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ شزادﺮﭘ يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ ﺔﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﺔﻳﺎﭘ ﺮﺑ لﺎﻌﻓ ﺔﻈﻓ

ﺖﻓﺮﮔراﺮﻗ

.

ﺪﻨﻛﻲﻣﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧﻦﻳا يﺎﻫﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳزاﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ

.

ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ يﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﻢﻴﻤﻌﺗ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﻪﺑ دﻮﺷ ﻲﻣ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ

دﺮﻳﺬﭘ ترﻮﺻ ﻲﻬﺑﺎﺸﻣ يﺎﻬﺸﻫوﮋﭘ

.

ﻪﻛ ﺎﺠﻧآ زا ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ

وﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷجاوﺮﺼﻨﻋﺎﺑﺶﻫوﮋﭘﻦﻳاردهدﺎﻔﺘﺳادرﻮﻣﻒﻴﻠﻜﺗ ﺮﺟا يﺎﻬﺸﻫوﮋﭘرد ناﻮﺗﻲﻣ،ﺖﺳا هدرﻮﺧﺪﻧﻮﻴﭘيﺰﻛﺮﻣ ﻲﻳا ﻲﻔﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗﻪﻠﻤﺟزا،ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣﻒﻴﻟﺎﻜﺗﺮﮕﻳدﺮﺑباﺮﻄﺿاﺮﺛايﺪﻌﺑ درﻮﻣ ،ﺖﺳا طﺎﺒﺗرا رد ﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ ﻲﻳﺎﻀﻓ يراﺪﻳد ﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ دﺮﻴﮔراﺮﻗﻲﺳرﺮﺑ

.

هدادنﺎﺸﻧتﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗﻪﻜﻴﻳﺎﺠﻧآزاﺖﺳاﺮﻛذﻪﺑمزﻻﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ زرا و نﻮﻣزآ يﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ رد ناﺮﺘﺧد ﻪﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻲﺑﺎﻳ

ﺪﻨﻨﻛﻲﻣ ﻪﺑﺮﺠﺗ ارباﺮﻄﺿا زا يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺢﻄﺳ ناﺮﺴﭘ ،

رد

باﺮﻄﺿاﺢﻄﺳﺎﺑداﺮﻓاﻪﺑﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳدﺖﻟﻮﻬﺳياﺮﺑﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣﻦﻳا اﺬﻟﺪﺷبﺎﺨﺘﻧاناﺮﺘﺧدنﺎﻴﻣزاﺎﻬﻨﺗﺶﻫوﮋﭘدرﻮﻣﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧﻻﺎﺑ ﺢﻄﺳﺎﺑناﺮﺴﭘﻪﺑﻲﺳﺮﺘﺳدﺎﺑناﻮﺗﻲﻣﺮﮕﻳدياﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣرد يﺪﻣآرﺎﻛ ﺮﺑ باﺮﻄﺿاﺮﺛا ،ﻻﺎﺑ باﺮﻄﺿا دﺮﻜﻠﻤﻋ وشزادﺮﭘ

دادراﺮﻗﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣدرﻮﻣناﺮﺘﺧدﺎﺑارهوﺮﮔﻦﻳالﺎﻌﻓﻪﻈﻓﺎﺣ

.

ﻊﺑﺎﻨﻣ

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) 1372 .(

ﺗﺎﻣﺪﻘﻣﻲﺳرﺮﺑ

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. ،ﺪـﺷراﻲـﺳﺎﻨﺷرﺎﻛﻪـﻣﺎﻧنﺎﻳﺎﭘ

سرﺪﻣﺖﻴﺑﺮﺗهﺎﮕﺸﻧاد

.

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References

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