Ashrae Pocket Guide

(1)

1

1 POCKET

GUIDE

for

Air

Conditioning

Heating

Ventilation

Refrigeration

(lnch-Pound Edition)

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating

and

Air-Conditioning

Engineers, Inc.

1791

Tullie Circle, NE Atlanta, GA 30329

(2)

w

l

93 by

the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and

TABLE

OF CONTENTS

r-Conditioníng Engineers, !n

e.

Ali ríghts reserved.

I

A

ir H

a

ndlin

g a

nd Du

ct

w

o

rk

Pa

ge

Air Friction Charts

...

1-3

Velocity versus Velocity Pressure

...

4

1 ISBN ()..

883413

--0l-X

Circular F.quivalcnts of

Rectangular Ducts

...

5 -6

\1)esign Vclocitics: Louver Sizing

...

7-8

tan Laws

...

9-10

sychromclric Chart

...•..•.••...•.••...•...

11 M

oist Air Data

...

12 of

lhis

manual may be reproduccd without pennission in writinE,tmperature ~

Altitude Correction ·

· · ·

...

13 f

ASHRAE

b

.

h

b . f

·,cnthalpy of

Air ...

14-15

rom

, except y a

rev1~r

w o may

~uote

r.1c passages º'steam Thblc

...

16 i

roduce illustrations in a rcview w1th appropnate credit; nor may anf

of

this book be reproduced, stored in a

r~rieval

systc~,

or

uans~

r

Co

n

~

mlnan

ts

and

Co

nt

ro

l

ed in

any

fonn

or

by

any means-electromc, photocopymg,

record

r Qua?tY

~tandards

...

17 ing, or Other-without permission in writing from ASHRAE.

!~me

Air Cleaners

...

18

1

ter Performance

...

19 .

RAE

has compilcd this publication with carr., but ASHRAE h

n~!~ ~b:~~.;

· :

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

:

: : : : : : : :

: :

;~

.

invcstigated, and

A~HRAE expressly disclain:is any duty_ to inv~ ood Capture Velocities

...

.

...

22 tigatr., any product, scrv1ce, process, proccdure, dcs1gn, or the li

k

c whic xbaust Veloc

i

ty Contours ...

23

1 erial, or advcrtiscmcnt in this publicat

be described hcre

i

n

.

Thc appcarancc

of any

i

on does not cons

tec

h

nical data, edi

t

it

ori ontaminant 1l'ansport Ve

u

t

fl

oo

d

En

t

ry Loss ...

l

ocities

...

24

25

• orsement, warranty, or

guaranty by ASHRAE of a

n

y product, serv

¡Gt

c

h

e

n Ran

gc Hoods ...

26-27

1cr., process, procedure, design, orthe like. ASHRAE does not warranf..aboratory

H

oods · ·

·

· · ·

..

· ..

· .

· ...

28 that the information in this publication is free of

errors, and AS

HRAfwat

e

r

a

nd

S

team

I

s not nccessarily agrec wíth any statement or opinion in this publipump Turms and Formulas

...

29 on. The entire ri

sk

of the use of any information in this publicatiofump Affinity Laws

...

30-31

1s assumed by the user.

fypical Pump Curves

...

32-34

Stearn Pipe Capacitics

...

35-37

1

~~m

t:t:ncral lnformation on Water

Pipe Capacities-Rcturn Mains

...

38

39 ass Flow and Spccific Heat

of

Water

...

40 freezing

Poin

ts

of

Glycol

s ...

40

1 Jizing Formulas for Hcating

Vertical Cylindrical Thnk Capacity

/Cool

ing

...

.42

.41

Horizontal Cylindrical Thnk Capacity

...

43 V'olume of Water in Pipe and Tube

...

44 !

fot Water Demand per Fixture

...

45

~riction

Chart-Steel Pipe

...

47 l

ntcd in thc United States of America

rlot Water Demand for Buildings

...

46

(3)

l

..

·~~~o~n

~:~~~¿~;;:~"j.

. . .

.

. . .

. .

.

. .

.

::~~~~r~:o

;:~

·I~~

~~~~.e~,~~~~

.

..

.

..

.

....

...

.

...

.

117 iction

C

hart

-

Pla

s

ti

c

Pip

e . . . .

• . . .

. .

.

H

eat Gain from Restaurant and Offi

c

e Equipment

..

.

...

.

118-120

Stccl Pipe Data

...

..

...

..

50-

H

cat Gain from Hospital Equipment

...

.

...

.

...

Ul

Copper Tube Data

...

... 52-

H

cat Gain from Motor

s ...

.

...

.

..

...

.

122 l

operties of Pla

s

ti

c

Pipe Mat

e

rial

s ...

.

...

54- Ventilation Rat

e

Data (ASHRAE Std

.

62 -

1989)

...

.

...

123 -

126 pe,

Fitting, and Val ve Applicati

o

n

s ...

.

..

.

....

.

56-

I

nformation on Wcather Dat

a ...

U7

1ermal Expansion

o

f Metal Pipe

... ·

· · · .

.

· Cooling Load Ch

ec

k Value

s ...

128 -

129 H

anger Spacing and Rod

S

i

zcs ... .

'

lar

C

oU

ec

tor Data

... · · ·

· · · ·

· E

ec

tri

cal

AUowable Ampacitics o

f

l

n

s

ulatcd Condu

c

tors

...

. 130-131

íri

gc

ratloo

Charactcrist

i

cs

of AC and OC M

o

to

rs ...

1 32-133

rrcssurc-Enthalpy Chart

-

R

-

11 . · · ·

·

· · · ·

· · · · ·

olo

r

Full

-

Load Amperes

...

.

...

134 Pressurc

-

Enthalpy

C

hart

-

R

-

12 · · .. · · .. · .... · · .. · · .. · · ·

Uscful Electrical Formu

l

as

...

.

...

.

..

135 E

sure

-

Enthalpy

C

han

-

R

-

22 ... .

rigeration Property Thbles

-

R

-

22 ... · · ·

· ·

· 65-

cls

a

od

Co

mb

us

tio

n

rcssurc

-

Enthalpy Chart

-

R

-

1

23 ...

...

..

Pressurc

-

Enthalpy Chart

-

R

-

1 34a

.. . . ..

.

.. .

.

.. . . .. . . .. .

.

ngine Sizing Thbles

· · .. · · .. · · · · .. · · .. · .. · .. · ...

136 R

e

frigeration Propcrty Thbles

-

R

-

134a

...

.

..

.

. 70-

as Pipe Sizing Thbl

e · · ·

· · · · ..

.

...

137 l

ressurc

-

Enthalpy Chart

-

R

-

502 .

.

. . .

.

. .

.

. cating Valucs of Fuel

s ...

.

..

.. 138

ressure

-

Enthalpy Chart

-

R

-

717 .

.

. . .

. .

.

. . . .

.

. uel Oil Pipe Sizing Tabl

e · · · .. · · ...

.

..

.

....

.

..

.

..

.. 139

efrigeration Properly Thble

s-

R

-

717 .

.

...

.

..

.

..

75-Refrigeranl Line Capaciti

es-

R

-

22 ...

..

.

...

..

.

... 78

wning

a

nd Ope

ra

tln

g

t

ction Lin

e

Capacities

-

R

-

22 ...

.

..

...

... 82-

wning and Operating

C

ost Data

..

.

..

.

..

.

..

... 140-141

ction Riser Capaciúes

-

R-22

..

.

...

.

...

.

...

84-~·re

Cycle Cosls and Present Worth Fa

c

tors

....

.

..

.

..

.

.. 142

frigcrant Line Capacities

-

Ammonia (R

-

7

1 7) ...

.

. 86-

uipment Service Life

...

....

.

....

.

....

.

...

.

....

1

43 frigerant L

i

ne Sizing

-

R

-

1 34a

...

.

....

..

.

...

..

.

...

..

.

. aintenance Costs ..

.

...

..

.

..

.

...

... 1

44 I

IVA

C

Lo

a

d lní

o

rm

atlo

n

E

und

a

nd Vlbrallon

urfa

cc C

ondu

c

tance and Emittan

c

e Valucs

. . . .

. .

. . .

.

. .

.

. .

ceptable HVAC Noise Level

s ...

.

...

.

..

... 145

'

herma! Resi

s

tance

s

of Air Spac

es ... · · · ·

·

· · ·

·

· · · ·

· C Curves .

...

.

...

.

...

. 146

Heat 'Ilan

s

mis

s

ion for Fen

cs

tration

... · · ·

· · ·

.

f!yp¡caJ

Fan Sound Power Level

s ...

.

..

.

147 Thermal

Properti~s

.º

r Material

s ·: · · · .... · .. · · .. · · ·

· 94-fü.P¡caJ

Equipmeot Noi

s

e Level

s ...

148 l

hermal Condu

c

u

v

1t

y

~or.lndustnal ln

s

ul

· · ·

· 100-l~¡vc Duct Sound Att

e

nuat

o

r

s ...

149 J-

Fa

c

t

o

rs f

o

r

~

e

~

Bu1ld111

~

· · ·

· .

102-lfvibration lsola

t

or

Sc

l

cc

ti

o

n

...

.

...

150-151

Undergr

o

und P1p111g ln

s

ulauon

...

J

I

Max. and Min

.

Ea

rt

h lemperaturcs

...

.

...

.

· .

Ir:

!

₁

₁₁

Co

trol

_{152 15}

₇

l

h

1 C d t

. '

t

r

So'

l

s

and Rock

s

u

o

rna

e

n

s

· · · . . .

-erma

on u

c

1 V1 y

1or

1 ... .

urnma

ry o

f

C

LTD

/C

LF Equati

o

n

s ...

. 11

LTDs fo

r

Aat R

oo

f

s ...

108-lpc

o

e

ral

Approximate CLTD

s

for

S

unlit Wall

s ...

.

. 110-1,(\ir-C

o

.

di

ti

oning Formulas

...

158 Solar Cooling Load for Sunlil Glass

...

.

l13-l

f:o

n

v

crs100 Fa

c

to

rs · · · · · ...

159 -

162 f

hadiog C

e

frigeratin

oc

g E

ffi

c

ff

ients for Olas

cct

from Di

s

play Fixturcs

s ...

...

.

...

.

...

..

.

..

.

. 1

tln

d

ex

...

.

..

.

..

163-164

~

V

(4)

1

1 PREFACE

l

This Pocket Guide was developed to serve as a ready reference fo

· engineers whose mobility keeps them from

easy

access to

thc

larg~

ASHRAE Handbooks. Much of

the

information

is taken fro

the four vol u mes of thc ASHRAE

Handbook series and abridged

rcduced to

fil

the smaller page sizc. Other sources includ

the

Cooling and Heating Load Calcu

/

ation Manua

l

pub

l

ished bJ

ASHRAE

in 1

991;

Industria/ Ventílation: A Manual o/ Recommendel

Practice, 21st Edition, published in 1989 by Thc American

Conferena

of

Governmental Industrial Hygienists; and

Numbers

published

il

1985 by W. Holláday and the late C. Otterholm.

This third

edition

of the Pocket Guide, which was first published it

1987,

was

compiled

by Frcdcrick W. Kohloss and cditcd by Robcrt A

Parsons with

thc

guidance

of

thc Society's

Special

Publications Com

mittee. Previous major contributors wcre

Carl

W

.

M

acPhee, Griffitl

C. Burr,

J

r., and

H

arry E. Rountree.

vi

0.01 _--;;-~-·-~-:--<'---~-~~J..L....L..L.U:..U

50 100 200 500

1000

AIA QUANTITY,

cfm

at

0.075

lb/ft3

F

r

lclio

n

Cb

ar

t

(5)

.:::

8 .

É

ui

(j)

o

-'

z

º

0.2

t3

a:

1.1.

1

2000 5000 10,000 AIR QUANTITY, cfm at 0.0751bflt3

Fr

icllo

n

C

h

a

rt

2 .:::

8 -o::

CD

;¡

~

o

0.5

.

s

gf

o

-'

~

0.2 (.)

a:

1.1. 50,000 100,000 400,000 AIR OUANTITY, cfm al 0.075 lb/ft3

F

r

ic

li

on Cha

rt

3

(6)

•

- - - -

-

--

...

--

....

~

~-~I

1 ~

11 ~§~§~ ~§§~~ ~§~~~ ~§§§~ ~§~~~ ~§§88

8§888

1 j~

t-li

¡

~

[

º º º º º \"

-

e:.

o

º º º º º

? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

e:.- .

ºº

=

~

19

º º º º º

? ?

P P P P P PE .., .., .., .., ¡..,¡

i5

-

- - -

=

~ ~ ~

g

~

...

s s -

-

w

₀

j :::.

..

• •

~:.._i°' ~gv.v-• .,.._.i:..~Q\W O-.lVtt-l 000'\-.N '<

~

~~O\NOO Q\tJ\iO \.AN

t-o

a.

.,.

1 ..

.

~t

t

r

§

~§§~§ ~§~~§ ~§§~~ ~§~§~ ~§§~i ~§~~8

8§§88

-;

!

~

a

"O~

-

- - - o o

1 =ª

o

N to.>--- :-:-~

...

o·

\o" ""• n

'-"'

~~':' ~ ~~N ;...\QOoOo~ t ~

0""8v-8

º'

.;

~ ~~~::Ó~ ~g~~g ~""""'º'°'"

ov.'ONV\

cuturar r;¡¡u1.aienuól R.ectaneufar

Duct ro

r

Equa1

t

rictio

n

-;;,d

&°

pa

cl

t

y

•

Lgth. Lmgll1 of O.• Ski• of R.Ktangular Oaet (o), in.

Adj.º 4.8 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5

a.o

9.0 10.0 11.0

u.o

13.0 14.0 lS.O 16.0 J.0 J.8 4.0 4.2 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.9 S.I 5_2

s

.

s

S.1 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.6 6.8 7.0 4.0 4.4

u

4.9 S.I 5.J 5.5 S.1 5.8 6.1 6.4 6.7 7.0 7.) 7.6 7.8 8.0 8.3

S.O 4.9 S.2

s.s

S.1 6.0 6.2 6.4 6.7 6.9 7.3 7.6 8.0 8.3

u

S.9 9.1 9.4

l.gtll. Lcagtll ot Oo• Slde of

lttttut•lsr

Doct (o), la.

Lg1-

.

Adj.• 6 7

a

9 10 11 12 13 14 IS 16 17 18 19 20 22 24 26 28 30 Adj.º 6 6.6 6 8 7.6 8.2 8.7 8 10 8.4 9.1 9.8 10.4 10.9 10 12 9.1 9.9 10.7 11.3 12.0 12.6 ll.I 12 (11 ₁₄ 9.8 10.8 11.4 12.2 12.9 13.S 14.2 14.7 IS.l 14

16 10.4 11.J 12.2 13.0 IJ.7 14.4 IS.I IS.7 16.4 16.9 11.S 16 18 11.0 11-9 12.9 13.7 14.S IS.3 16.0 16.7 17.3 17.9 18.S 19.1 19.7 18 20 11.S 12.6 13.S 14.4 IS.2 16.0 16.8 17.S 18.2 18.9 19.5 20.1 2()_7 21.3 21.9 20 24 12.4 13.S 14.6 IS.6 16.S 17.4 18.) 19.1 19.9 20.6 21.3 22.0 22.7 2J.J )4.9 25.1 26.2 24 28 13.2 14.S 15.6 16.7 17.7 18.7 19.6 20.S 21.3 22.1 22.9 2).7 24.4 25.1 25.8 27.1 28.3 29.S 30.6 28 32 14.0 IS.3 16.S 17.7 18.8 19.8 20.8 21.8 22.7 23.5 24.4 25.2 26.0 26.7 27.S 28.9 30.2 31.S 32.7 33.9 32 J6 14.7 16.1 17.4 18.6 19.8 20.9 21.9 22.9 23.9 24.8 25.7 26.6 27.4 28.2 29.0 30.S 32.0 33.3 34.6 JS.9 36 40 15.3 16.8 18.2 19.5 20.7 21.8 22.9 24.0 25.0 26.0 27.0 27.9 28.8 29.6 30.5 12.1 33.6 35.1 36.• 37.8 40 44 IS.9 17.5 18.9 20.J 31.S 22.7 23.9 2S.0 26.1 27.1 28.1 29.1 30.0 30.9 31.8 33.S 35.1 36.7 38.1 39.S 44 48 16.S 18.1 19.6 21.0 22.3 23.6 24.8 26.0 27.1 28.2 29.2 30.2 31.2 32.2 33.1 34.9 36.6 38.2 39.7 41.2 48 52 17.1 18.7 20.2 21.7 23.1 24.4 25.7 26.9 28.0 29.2 30.3 JI.) 32.3 33.3 34.3 36.2 37.9 39.6 41.2 42.8 52 56 17.6 19.3 20.9 22.4 23.8 2S.2 26.S 27.7 28.9 30.1 31.2 32.3 3J-4 34.4 35.4 37.4 39.2 41.0 42.7 44.3 56 60 18.1 19.8 21.5 23.0 24.S 2S.9 27.3 28.6 29.8 JI.O 32.2 33.l J.4.4 3S.S 36.S 38.S 40.4 42.3 44.0 45.7 60 64 20.3 22.0 23.6 25.1 26.6 28.0 29.3 30.6 31.9 33.1 34.3 35.4 36.5 37.6 39.6 41.6 43.5 4S.3 47.1 64

(7)

1 ~

f

1 1i

~

_...

-'!

,..

~

...

~

_...

:

<:!

_;:¡

...

.!

"

g

•

_e

s

.2

!

·~

""

1

';j\

~

$

t;l 1

I

.!

~

..

51

1

...

1il

..,

..

~

..

~

• ...

;¡

..

~ ": e ~

j

..

_.!I

•

;;;

...

3

~

'O

~ e

lil

~-:

1 _·a

r:~~

$

'

..,..,,..

...

~

~""';~

"

~ !;1;~ '¡

:

ª

'"".""!V'!'""! ~ a..--"'

_...,...,...,,.

~ Nf""l~O ~¡r.:i

...

..,

0 - 0 0 \ t t O

::::~~s1~

,d•_. ;.:O

_, <

~~~:?I ~~ ;;.1,

i i

V)~ r:

:o

t;;.

...

~~

~~2~

f"1"i

_...,

º"''

~ga~;

~~

:g ~

""

""!~~""?~ "1"!

..

~:!sg: _~=

...

"'""

o - NN-OllO

;2

~ ;!~~&;;

....

~.,,.; ~~

~2i

"°

t -. . f"I'\-...:,.;.,,.;,..:~

_¡¡¡:

,...,...,._,._,....

M . . . ~~~~

¡~~~~

o;~ ¡::~ ~~ C?C?~

,...,_,._._

~'"'!

:S~~-=~

"''°

~~~~:&

...

~~~r-;~ ""' ... 0 \

-""'.,..."""

"°

'°

f"?~r-:~~

::¡

:¡;: !'!;:

..,

id~

..

~~~·-~ ~~~~~ ~~'1'"':~ :6:'d~~~

::

,._,..

::;

_..,

...

-

--

~-:'":'1'"':

ci~~g:~ f:i:a~:

o...;

...

ai;~~

:i

-'°-"°º

:¡¡;:¡:a:¡¡

~$

º°',... ...

o -o--.oo ... ":~ ~~~~~ ~~~~:á

:s:

r:~.,~""! e"""

O'\..-.'°

_"'""

~~~~~

:i

:S

~~::::~~ "":'1~ ""! ~

_;;~;~

_...,

~~~~~

r¿ ~

-oo-.f'O\• ~~$!~~

i~a;i

.,

;¡; "': !;¡!

~~;;;

'1Y'J~ ~"'!

..,..,

~~~!;\~

g:;$

·-o---

~~

;;2;~

;;~::~~ t:;~ ~~~;:¡:'& ::!~i:L:S :;t~

6

,f

"',..:

_-..:.e

~-+

_..,

~ ~.u

a

~ ~~

~~

g 'O

-

.g u·::;

~-~

_o_·_~ ... 1i

~-•º

.o"' J!.;'e 'llli

¡-

.ó'

l)'

p

lca

l

Deslg

n V

e

l

oci

tl

es fo

r HV

AC Co

mp

o

n

e

n

ts

D

uc

t

Ele

m

e

nt

LOUVERSª

Intake:

7000

cfm and

greater

Less than 7000 cfm

Exhaust:

5000 cfm and greatcr

Less than 5000 c

f

m

FILTERSb

Panel Filters:

Viscous

l

mpingement

Dry-'JYpe, Extended-Surface:

Flat (Jow

efficiency)

Pleated media (

i

ntermediate efficie

n

cy)

H

EPA

Renewable Media Filte

r

s:

Moving-Curtain Viscous lmpingement

Moving-Curtain Dry-Media

Electronic Air Cleaners:

Ionizing 'JYpe

HEATINO CO

I

LSt

Steam and

H

ot Water

Face Ve

l

oclty,

fpm

400 See

figure, page

8

500 See figure, page 8

200to 800

Duct Velocity

Up

to

750

250

500

200 ISO to 350

400 to500

Electric:

200 min., 1500 max.

Open Wire

Finned Tubular

f

DE

H

UMIDIFY

I

NO CO

I

LSd

A

I

R WASHERSt

Spray'JYpe

Cell:Jype

Hi

gh-Velocity,

Spray:Jype

Refer to mfg. data

SOO

to

600

300 to 600

Refer

to

mfg. data

1200to 1800

ªBased on assumptions prcsented in text.

b Abstractcd from Chaptcr IO, 1988 Equipment Volumc. ¡cAbstracted from Chaptcr 9, 1988 Equipmcnt Volumc.

I

d Abstracted from Chaptcr 6, 1988 Equipment Vol u me .

eAbstracted from Chaptcr 4, 1988 Equipmcnt Volume.

(8)

a:

...

> ';)

No.

la

lb

Fan Law

s•,b

For Ali Fan Laws: 'hl ; 'hl 1nd (PI. of Rt&.)1 •(PI. of Rt¡.)1

Ikpendent

ln

de

pendent

Vulab

i

u

Variables

Q¡ ...

Qi

x

(EL )

3

x

~

X

1 D2

N2

P

ress.

1 X

(EL )

2 X (

~

) 2 _X

_{g¡_}

• Press.

2 e

D

i

N2

'12

X~

le

W

1

=

W

2 x

(EL

}5

x

(~

)

3

D

i

N

1 '12

~ 301

1----1---f----

-71:'-

-

-;T

~

-

---i

a:

...

_...

"'=

.e

2a

x

(

EL

)

2 x

(

Press.

1

)

"

2 x

(

Q2

)

"

2 D

2

Press.

2

'11 ~

20 b

x

(D

2 )

x

(

Press.

1 )

"

2 x

(

Q

2 )

"

2

<

...

_u <

...

0 ₀

l_

-

₂

L-

_J

•L..__.J

₉

1----!

₉

:--

--},o

;:-

--f,

~

2 -7

1•;---,~e¡--

-

,~e¡--;,20 b

"IR Ft.OW X

10

·

3 .

clm PEA t.OUVER

Oc

Press.

1

• Pr

ess.

2

D

₁

Press.

2 '11

x (

EL

)

i

x

(

Press.

1

)

3

1

2 x

(

Q

2

)'

1

2 D

2

Press.

2 '11

ªThc 1ubscrip1 1 denotes that the variable is for thc fan under consideration. bThe subKript 2 denotes that the variable

is

for thc tcstcd fan.

<pi/ or

P.¡

.

p

₁

r

s

Used

In

Establishinl!

Fhture

.

..

Pertment

arame e

· Un

l

ess otherw

1 se

1denuf1

ed, fan

performance data are

Parameter

lntake Louver

Exhaust

Louv

1

~ased on dry air at standard

_cond

_iti

_ons

_14.696

_{psi and}

₇₀

----

~~~:!,___

_ _ _

_!:=:::...:::::.:.~=-'---

-

1~

(0.075

Jbm

/ft

3).

In

actual applications,

the

fan

may be

re-Minimum

Free Arca (48

-

in. Squarc

45

45 ui

red to

handle

air

or gas

at

sorne olher density.

The change

Test

Scctíon),

07o

• •

N A

I'

bln

density may be because

of temperature

,

composition of

Wat

e

r Pcnctration, oz

/

(ft

2

_·0

_.

₂₅

_h)

1 Ncg~gtbbc

₂

)

01

PP ica

he

gas, or alt

i

tude.

As indicated by

the Fan

Laws,

the

fan

(

css

1

an

· ~rformance

is affected by gas density. With constant size

Maximum S1at

ic

Prcssurc

Drop

,

0 .

25 nd

spced, the

horsepower

and

pressure

varies

directly

as

the

~

i

~

n

.~o~

r~wa~tc~r:_

_

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

o:::

·.:.:

15 : _ _ - - - -

-

41liltio of gas

density

to the standard air

density.

(9)

The application of the Fan Laws for a change in fan speed,

N,

for a specific sizc fan is shown. The computed

P,

curve

is derived

from the

base

curve. For example,

point

E(N

1

=

650) is computed from point

D(N2

= 600)

as

follows:

Al

D,

Q

₂=

6 and Pl/

₁

=

450 Using Fan Law

la

al point E

Q

₁

=

6

X

650/

600 =

6.5 Using Fan Law

lb

p

tfi

"'

450

X

(650/600)

2

=

530 The

completed P

11 , N

=

650 curve thus

may be

generated

by computing addihonal points from data on the

base

curve,

such as point O from point

F. If

equivalcnt points of rating are

joined,

as shown by thc

dotted

lines, thesc points will all lic on parabolas wbich are

defined by thc rclationship expressed in Eq

l.

600 I

/

1001--

~~-1-

-,-<¡'~...¡..~

~

~---

~~

-1--

~

~-+-

~~~

1 /

/

...

2

4 6 8

10

VOWME FLOW RATE.

º·

clm " 1000 (U. " IOOOI

10 Psychromet

r

ic

Chut

(10)

1

1 I:

1

·

1

1 MOISTUAE ANO AIR

RELATIONSHIPS •

ASHRAE

hes •dopted pounds of molsture

per

pound

of

drv

a

lr

as

standard

nomenclatur•.

Relations of other

unlu

ar• .,1pressed below

et

v•rious dewpoint temperatures.

Equiv.

Lb H20

I

Paru per

Grains

I

Par cent

Oew Pt.

F

lb drv •Ir

mi Ilion

lb drv

a

ir•

Molsture %b

-

100 0.000001

1 0.0007

90 0.000002

2 0.0016

80

0 .

000005

5 0.0035

70 o

00001

10

0 .073

0 .06

60

0 .

00002

21

0.1

48

0.13

50

0 .

00004

42

0.291

0.26 -

40

0 .

00008

79

0.555

0.5

30 0.00015

146

1.02

0.9 -

20 0.00026

263

1.84

1.7

10 0.00046

461

3.22

2.9 0.0008

787

5.5

1

5.0 o

0.0013

1

315

9.20

8.3

10

2

152

15.

1

13.6

20 0.0022

24.2

21.8

30 0.0032

3

154

36.5

33.0

40 0.0052

5 2

1

3

50

0 .0077

7 658

53.6

48 .

4

60

0.011

1 11 080

77.6

70 .

2

70

0.0

1

58 15 820

110 .7

100 .

0

80

0 .

0223

22 330

156.3

90

0 .

0312

31 180

218.3

100 0.0432

43 190

302.3

a

7000 gr•lns •

1 lb

b Compared to 70

F

saturatea

.

Normallv

th•

sensible h••t l•ctor determines

the

Cfm

requored

₁₀

accept

a

load.

In sorne

Industrial

applications

the

latent heat

factor

m•v control

th• air circulation rate.

Latent hHt. Btu/h

Thu!i

Cfm

• IW1

-

W2) "

4

840

• NUMBERS. 1985, Altadena, CA. by 8111 HoClad•Y and Cy

Otterholm.

12 Tumperalure

and Allilude

Correction

Temperah1re-Denslty*

Allltud

e -

Oen

s

ily**

Temp

.

Den

s

il

y

Wt

.

per

Ele\'lltlon Air

den

s

lt

y

Density

ºF

fact

or

c

u

.

r1.

(l.

lb

./c

u

.

{l

.

faclor

o

1.IS2

0.0864

o

0.o7S

1.0

70

1.000 0.0749

soo

0.0736

0.982

100

0.946 0.0709

1,000

0.0723

0.964

1

50

0.869 0.0651

1,500

0.0710

0.947

200

0.803 0.0602

2,000

0.0697

0.930 2SO

0.747 O.OS60

2,SOO

0.0684

0.913

300

0.697 O.OS22

3,000

0.0672

0.896 3SO

0.654 0.0490

3,500

0.0659

0.880

400

0.616 0.0462

4,000

0.0647

0.864

450

0.582 0.0436

4,500

0.0635

0.848 soo

O.S52

0.0414

S,000

0.0623

0.832

550

0.525 0.0393

5,500

0.06

1

2

0.817

600

0.500 0.0315

6,000

0.0600

0.801

650

0.477 0.0358

6,SOO

0.0589

0.786

700

0.457 0.0342

7,000

0.0578

0.772

750

0.438 0.0328

7,500

0.0567

0.757

800

0.42

1 0.0315

8,000

0.0557

0.743

850

0.404 0.0303

8,500

0.0546

0.729

900

0.390 0.0292

9,000

0.0536

0.715

950

0.376 0.0282

9,500

0.0525

0.701 1,000

0.363 0.0272

10,000

0.051

5

0.688 •Tabl

e bascd on 29.92 in. Hq.

•D

ry air at 70ºF

(11)

•

- - - - -

-Enthalpy of A.ir at Various Wd Bulb

Teroperatures

Par1 l Par11

-Condtnscd Table.

lnt

e

,.,,olat

~

to TtnthJ of 0qrttS, 40 WB -19.9 WB•

40WB-90WB

Wtt Btu Wtt Btu Wet Btu Wtt

Btu \\et Btu Wtt Btu Wet Btu

Wtl Bl• Wtt Btu

Bulb Ptr Bulb Ptr Bulb Per

Bulb Ptr Bulb Per Bulb Ptr Bulb Pcr Bulb Per Bulb Ptr

"nmp. Pound Tcmp. Pound TtmP. Pound

Ttmp. Pound Ttmp. Pound Ttmi>- Pound Ttmp. Pound

Temp. Pound Tcmp. Pound

40.0 15.23 45.0 17.65

so.o

20.30 SS.O 23.22 60.0 26.46 65.0 30.06 70.0 34.09 75.0 38.61 40 IS.23 .1 lS.28 .1 17.70 ,1 20.36 .1 23.28 .1 26.53 .1 30.14 .1 34.18 .1 38.71 41 15.10 .2 lS.32 .2 17.75 .2 20.41 .2 23.34 .2 26.60 .2 30.21 .2 34.2 6 .2 38.80 42 16.17 .3 lS.37 .3 11.80 .3 20.47 .3 23.41 .3 26.67 .3 30.29 .3 34.35 .3 38.90 43 16.66 .4 15.42 .4 17.85 .4 20.S2 .4 23.47 .4 26.74 .4 30.37 .4 34.43 .4 38.99 44 17.lS

_.

1

40.S lS .47 4S.5 17.91 so.s 20.S8 ss.s 23.S3 60.5 26.81 65.5 30.4S 70.5 34.S2 75.5 39.09 4S 17.6S ~ .6 lS.51 .6 17.96 .6 20.64 .6 23.S9 .6 26.87 .6 30.S2 .6 34.61 .6 39.19 46 18.16 .7 IS.S6 .7 18.01 .7 20.69 .7 23.65 .7 26.94 .7 30.60 .7 34.69 .7 39.28 47 18.68 .8 IS.61 .8 18.06 .8 20.75 .8 23.72 .8 27.01 .8 30.68 .8 34.78 .8 39.38 48 19.21 .9 IS.65 .9 18.11 .9 20.80 .9 23.78 .9 27.08 .9 30.1S .9 34.86 .9 39.47 49 19.7S 41.0 15.70 46.0 18.16 SI.O 20.86 56.0 23.84 61.0 27.17 66.0 30.83 71.0 34.95 76.0 39.S7 so 20.30 .1 15.7S .1 18.21 .1 20.92 .1 23.90 .1 27 .22 .1 30.91 .1 35.04 .1 39.67 Sl 20.86 .2 tS.80 .2 18.26 .2 20.97 .2 23.97 .2 27.29 .2 30.99 .2 35.13 .2 39.77 S2 21.44 .3 IS.84 .3 18.32 .3 21.03 .3 24.03 .3 27.36 .3 31.07 .3 3S.21 .3 39.87 53 22.02 ,4 15.89 .4 18.37 .4 21.09 .4 24.10 .4 27.43 .4 31.15 .4 35.30 .4 39.97 S4 22.62 41.S 15.94 46.5 18.42 St.S 2i.IS S6.S 24.16 61.S 27.SO 66.S 31.23 71.5 35.39 76.5 40.07 SS 23.22 .6 IS.99 .6 18.47 .6 21.20 .6 24.22 .6 27.57 .6 31.30 .6 35.48 .6 40.17 56 23.84 .7 16.04 .7 18.52 .7 21.26 .7 24.29 .7 27. 64 ,7 31.38 .7 35.57 .7 40.27 51 24.48 .8 16.08 .8 18.58 .8 21.32 .8 24.35 .8 27.71 .8 31.46 .8 3S.65 .8 40.37 58 2s.12 .9 16.13 .9 18.63 .9 21.38 .9 24.42 .9 27.78 .9 31.S4 .9 ,~_74 .9 ~

...

., 59 25.78

•v

-

•

.

·-'

º

· "

'Zl~4'Y .1 24.S4 .1 17.92 .2 16.27 .2 18.79 .2 21.SS .2 .t 'JL1ó~ :1 .J> .. Y.l .1 24.61 .2 27.99 ~-º' .3 16.32 .3 18.84 .3 21.61 .3 24.67 .2 31.78 .2 36.01 .2 40.77 62 27.8S .4 16.37 .4 18.89 .4 21.67 .3 28.07 .3 31.86 .3 36.10 .3 40.87 63 28.S7 .4 24.74 .4 28.14 .4 31.94 42.S 16.42 47.5 18.95 52.5 .4 36.19 .4 40.97 64 29.31 21.7) 57.S 24.80 62.S 28.21 67.S 32.02 65 .6 16.46 .6 19.00 .6 21.78 72.5 36.29 77.5 41.08 30.06 .7 16.51 .6 24.86 .6 28.28 .6 32.10 66 30.83 .1 19.05 .1 21.84 .1 24.93 .6 36.38 .6 41.18 .8 16.56 .7 28.35 .1 32.18 67 31.62 .8 19.10 .8 21.90 .8 24.99 .7 36.47 .7 41.28 .9 16.61 .8 28.43 .8 32.26 68 32.42 .9 19.16 .9 21.96 .9 .8 36.56 .8 41.38 2S.06 .9 28.50 .9 32.34 69 43.0 16.66 48.0 19.21 .9 36.6S .9 41.48 33.25 53.0 22.02 .1 16.71 .1 19.26 SS.O 25.12 63.0 28.S7 68.0 32.42 73.0 36.74 78.0 41.58 70 34.09 .1 22.08 .1 25.19 .1 28.64 71 34.9S .2 16.76 .2 19.32 .2 22.14 .1 32.SO .1 36.83 .1 41.68 .2 2S.25 .2 28.72 72 35.83 .3 16.81 .3 19.37 .3 22.20 .2 32.59 .2 36.92 .2 41.79 .4 16.86 .4 19.43 .3 2S.32 .3 28.79 .3 32.67 .3 37.02 73 36.74 .4 22.26 .3 41.89

<:n

1

43.5 .4 2S.38 .4 28.87 .4 32.75 .4 74 37.66 16.91 48.5 19.48 53.5 37.11 .4 42.00 22.32 58.S 25.45 63.5 28.94 75 38.61 .6 16.9S .6 19.53 .6 22.38 68.S 32.84 73.S 37.20 78.5 42.10 .6 25.52 76 39.57 .7 17.00 .7 19.59 .6 29.01 .6 32.92 .6 37.29 .6 42.20 .1 22.44 .7 25.S8 .7 29.09 77 40.S7 .8 17.0S .8 19.64 .8 22.SO .7 33.00 .7 37.39 .7 42.31 .9 17.10 .8 25.65 .8 29.16 .8 33.08 .8 78 41.S8 .9 19.70 .9 22.56 37.48 .8 42.41 .9 2S.71 .9 29.24 .9 33.17 .9 79 42.62 44.0 17.IS 49.0 19.75 37.57 .9 42.S2 54.0 22.62 S9.0 25.78 80 43.69 .1 17.20 .1 19.81 .1 22.68 64.0 29.31 69.0 33.25 74.0 37.66 79.0 42.62 .2 17.25 .2 1 25.85 .1 29.39 .1 33.33 .1 37.76 81 44.78 19.86 .2 22.74 .2 25.92 .1 42.73 82 45.90 .3 17.30 .3 19.92 .2 29.46 .2 33 42 .2 37.85 .3 22.80 .3 2S.98 .2 42.83 83 47.f>' .4 17.35 .3 29.54 .3 33.SO .3 .4 19.97 .4 22.86 37.95 .3 42.94 .4 26.05 .4 29.61 .4 33.S9 84 48.22 44.5 17.40 49.5 20.03 .4 38.04 .4 43.0S .6 17.45 54.5 22.92 S9.S 26.12 64.5 29.69 69.5 33.67 as 49.43 .6 20.08 .6 22.98 .6 26.19 74.S 38.14 79.S 43.16 86 S0.66 .7 17.50 .1 20.14 .6 29.76 .6 33.7S .6. 38.23 .7 23.04 .7 26.26 .6 43.26 87 51.93 .8 17.55 .8 20.19 .7 29.84 .7 33.84 .7 38.33 .7 43.37 .8 23.10 .8 26.32 88 Sl.23 .9 17.60 .9 20.25 .8 29.91 .8 33.92 .8 38.42 .8 43.48 .9 23.16 .9 26.39 89 54.56 .9 29.99 .9 34.01 .9 38.52 .9 43.S8 90 S5.93

(12)

1

PROPERTIES OF SATURATED STEAM*

1

Temp, Spec vol, Enthatpy, Btu/lb

Pressure

ºF

cu ft/lb Satwater vapora-tlon p Vg hf hfg

1

0.25 in. Hg 40.34 2423.7 8.28 , 071.1 0.50 56.80 1256.4 26.86 1060.6 1.00 79.03 652.3 47.05 1049.2

1

2.00 2 psia 101126..08 14 339.2 173.7. 69.10 1036.6 93.99 1022.2 3 141.48 118.7 109.37 1013.2 4 152.97 90.63 120.86 1006.4 1127.3 5 162.24 73.52 130.13 1001.0 1131.1

1

6 170.06 61.98 137.94 996.2 1134.2 7 176.85 53.64 144.76 992.1 1136. 8 182.86 47.34 150. 79 988.5 1139. 9 188.28 42.40 156.22 985.2 1141.

1

10 12 193.21 201.96 32.40 38.42 161. 17 169.96 982.1 976.6 1143. 14 209.56 28.04 177.61 971.9 14.696 212.00 26.80 180.07 970.3

1

20 30 250.33 227.96 20.09 13.75 218.82 196.16 960.1 945.3 1164. 40 267.25 10.50 236.03 933.7 1169. 50 281.01 8.515 250.09 924.0 1174.I

1

60 70 292.71 302.92 6.206 7.175 262.09 272.61 915.5 907.9 1177. 1180. 80 312.03 5.472 282.02 901.1 1183. 90 320.27 4.896 290.56 894.7 1185.

1

120 100 327.81 341.25 4.432 3.728 298.40 312.44 888.8 877.9 1187, 190. . 140 353.02 3.220 324.82 868.2 1193. 160 363.53 2.834 335.93 859.2 1195.

1

180 373.06 2.532 346.03 850.8 1196. 200 381.79 2.228 355.36 843.0 1198.

Abr;dye<l frorn "Thermodynamic Properties of Stearn

..

1

by Keenan and Keyes. John Wlley & Sons. lnc .. N. Y.

*

NUMBERS, 1985, Altadena, CA, by 8111 Holladay and Cy Otterholm.

16

1

Sulfur oxides Nitrogen dioxide Oione Hydrocarbons (nonmethanc)•

l..ead

U.S.

Ambient

Air Quality

Standards

Averaglng Time Annual (geomctric mean)

24ht Annual (arithmetic mean) 24 h t Annual (arithmetic mean) 1 ht Primary Standard l..e'l·els 75 µg/m3 260µg/m3 80µg/m3 (0.03 ppm¡ 36Sµglm (0.14ppm) 10mg/m3 (9ppm) 40 mg/m3

_t

(35 ppm) IOOµg/m3 (O.OS ppm) 240 µg/ml (0.12 ppm)

3 h

160 µ/gml (6 to 9 A.M.) (0.24 ppm) 3 mos. 1.5 µg/ml

*A nonhealth·relatcd standards used as a guide for oz.one control fNot to be exceeded more than once ayear

fEPA has proposed a reduction of the standard 10 29 mg/m3

•

tt.t

"

· '

o tt.O o o o o o ~'\ / 9'.0 to.o to.o ?o.o

....

30.00 4000 30.00 10.00

o

-

;..º.j7

'º

· ºº

),00 1 00

o'º

O.O! o ~

. /

/

V

/

/ /

/

/ / . / . / • . / . / .~ f . / . / . / . / / . / V

.~#'

/

I Secondary Standard l.evels 60 µg/m3 150µg/m3 IJOOµg/m3 (O.S ppm) 10mg/m3 (9 ppm) 40mg/mJ (3S ppm) IOOµg/m3 (O.OS ppm) 240µglm3 (0.12ppm) 160µ/gm3 (0.24 ppm) l.S µg/ml

º'

_º"

.

_'º

10

Pa1H1C1.' 01aM[f(*, M1C•OMtHt[

Particle Si:ie

Distribulion

of

Atmospheric Dust

17

(13)

t ~I

Electronlc A

ir Cleaners

Eleclronic air cleaners use electroslatic prccipitalion 10 remove and collecl par·

ticulatc conlaminants such as dust, smoke. and pollcn. Wires with a positiw dirccl currenl potcnlial of bclwcen 6 and 25 kV DC are suspended equidistan!

belween grounded plalcs, creatin¡¡ an ionizing field for charging patticles.

Thc colleclina plate section consists of parallcl platcs with a positivc vollagt of 4 lo 10 kV (de) applicd to altcrnatc platcs. Platcs that are nol charged are at ground po1ential. As parlicles passinlo this section, they are forced lo thc platel by lhc clectríc flcld on thc chargcs lhey carry, and thus are removed from the air·

strcam and collcctcd by thc pla1cs.

Elcctronic air clcancrs typically operatc from a l:ZO.. or 240-V AC singlc-phasc electrical service. Power consump1ion rangcs from 20 lo 40 walls pcr 1000 cfm

of capacity.

This type of air filler can removc and collect airbornc contaminants with aves

age cfficiencics of up lo

98G7

o

at low airílow velocitics

(ISO

to

350

fpm) whe

lcstcd per thc ASHRAE Standard 52.1. Efficicncy dccreascs (1) as the

collecl-ing pi ates t>ecome loaded wilh particulalcs, (2) wilh highcr vclocities, or (3) wit nonuniform vclocity.

As with most air filtration dcvices, the duct approaches to and from lhe aiI

clcancr housina should be arran¡¡ed so that thc airflow is distributed uniforml

ovcr the facc arca. Panel prefillersshould also be uscd to helpdistribute thc air

now and lo trap largc particles thal mlght short out or cause cxcessivc arci withín thc hl&h-voitage section.

- 111/11'l/111///1 ! I !1111 1 ! l l/ I 1 11 1 11 /! 1 11 i 1 11 / li -\ \ ' / ALTIANATE

\

\ l

AlflflOW

?-"~

e::::o

trtl

11,,,,

1 , , 1 1 , 11111111"u1 u

-,ATH~/,

\ \ INTERM!DIATE

°":¡,O~!ll!li/

l l i i l! l i l l / / / / / / / / l ! l ! l l /

11~.

~;.:r~

WIAUAT

~~:::;;"

'':::¿J!/

'''

\(''

'111

~~:

~~~~;1f

\\

~

· -·

1

₊

_PAATICLES - ez 11, _{11º'P¿n1u 11 111wu1u}1m m 11111111111 -POSITill(LY CHARGlD ,..ATICL.E

C

ross Secllon or l

onlzing EJectronlc Air Cleaner

18 ...

5 :i

a

o

..

~

.[

.§

o

00

g

o

r-8

"'

o

...

V

o

00

g

~

g

o

00

(14)

1\)

o

~

-Soul'(:es,

Possible

Concentrations,

and lndoor-to-Outdoor

Concentration

Ratio

s

of

Some

lndoor Pollutants

Pollutant Carbon monoxidc Respirable particlcs Organic vapors Nitrogen dioxide Sulfur dioxide Tutal suspended particles

without smoking Sulfate

Formaldchyde

R.adoo and progeoy Asbestos

Mineral and synthetic fibers

Carbon dioxidc

Viable organisms Ozone

Sourcesof Possible lndoor 1/0

Conc~n-lndoor Pollution Concentration• tralion Ratio Location

Combuslion cquipment, engincs,

fauhy JOOppm >>I Skaling rinks, officcs,

heating systcms homes, cars, sbops

Stovcs, fi~laces, ci&arcttcs, coodcn- 100 to SOO µglm3 _>>l _Homes,_{officcs. can, public}

satioo of volatilcs, aerosol sprays, facilities, bars. restaurants

resuspcnsion, cooking.

Combustioo, solvents, resin products,

NA

>l Homes, restaurams, public

pcsticides, aerosol sprays

Combustion, gas stovcs, water bcaters, 200 to 1000 µglm3 _»1 facilities, officcs. hospitals _Homes,_slcating_rinlcs dricrs, cigarettcs, engincs

20µglm3

Hcating systcm <I

Removal

insidc

Combustion, resuspcnsion, hcating 100 µglm3 1 Homes. officcs. transpor· systcm

S µg/m3

tation, restaurants

Matches, gas stoves <l Removal inside

lnsu.latioo, product bindcrs, O.OS to 1.0 ppm >I Homes, officcs particleboard

0.1 to

loo

nCitT3

Building materials, groundwaier, soil >>J Homes, buildings

Fíreproofing < 10 fibcr/m 1 Homes, schools, offices

Products, cloth, rugs, wallboard NA

-

Homes, schools. offices

Combustion, humans, pcts 3000ppm >>l Homes, schools, offices

Hurnans, pcts, rodents, insects, plants, NA >l Homes, hospitals, schools,

fungi, hurnidificrs, air condilioners officcs, public

Elect.ric arcing 20ppb <J Airplancs

UV light sources 200ppb >I Officcs

~g

¡; (') :r ..

~24~

!l

9

~

!f

a

~~:

-

g

-Oi. :e·~

s:[~

=..

•.

5..,-· o

o=..

:

~

:r,...09;' -::

~

¡;

+

.:z :z

:z ¡;

;r;.-~ ~o

d'

~ 3: !!! ~

>

il':'

•

l:UL.IC"

a

~~g-·1=.:.f

~~e

! :;g,¡¡ ..

~~e{¡

B..2.2.

;;

-g¡¡=sq_;:;a_-:;;·~

g~

.,,

.

-·'O n ,,. ~

..

g.

2. ...

=

.

...

..

_-

!:!.

_·

.,,

-

¡;

~ ::::.

- º

....

~~

a·

s·

....

~Q

.

() ~

.;-º

+

5:

~

~.P

¡¡

&l

gg

=

...

=

Q

+

Q

+::o

>g

...

+

:z

¿-.

-

..

ID ::J n ~ I» 0

~

c.

e:

~:

D.

S

::rJl.1 CT3 n Q.~

aººe..= ...

-·ª::o

Q.¡;j

" ' O ) 3 n o e:. o ::r'

'2~

~Ó.

n

o·

3

e

0 ;;-?

~

· ~

ª·

~

..

_-

~

r;

~

...

ii

Q. ~Cl.l~ Q.

~

<'?.

.9.f

'":º

~

no=

cr

- -

~Q.n~

e:~cs

3 ~-

~~e:r

r:r~ • ;.:;:ic;r:r

g

~

.,0.9wOg

;:;--

n

r:rr:r 3 " < ... -CI'

o o

-

· ...

a

"'·

e

o¡;.

:s :s :s ""' ñ 3::: ñ " JD ;· ::

..

ª

~ i"::s :i ::J :s . : - 0 0 0 0 _{_::s} :s :s ::> ..., o n n n 'Z ::> .. o :i:: ::o () n

wO

~...,-;..::

- · 3::

'=

>::o

.... o

ª-(,,.

:>

a

~

5. ~

e

~

S-cr [

~

i

a:gggg~

~~·g

a

.... ~::2::a::a:snnn..,oo '< i;' C.(:La.a.:s <n c.'< n < ..

-

·-·-·-·o.

<<::o ~ oo~o -. n•""'

'8

~. ~.

e. ~.

~

e;·'&

E..

~

~~~~c.: e:..,~

n ~ It

..

::o

Q.

o

ció

~ ;;· ~

~

e:

~

¡;:

n ::o

o

:>

"

ª·

o

¡;¡

o

iii!

..

2.

n ;i

~

e :s

=

:s :i

ººººº

=

:s :s ::> :::i n n n n n

~

~!!~

g!i"

~ ~ ~

~~~~

~·

c;

· e¡

...

~o~-~

·~

p

Oí!

n n )"

-

· "'o

o o

&.

=·

9 3

N

-

·"'8'8 g

g&ccp

3 =::o .. 'O

e- e-

o.

o

"O. e .., ::o .. a. "'

..

a

3 ..,

J

₌

• a

~~

..

-t:

g

~~

~~ _{e ;:}

a.~

b'

~

.,;.,¡

..

3 ¡

=

~

>

~

o

a.

..

.il

(")

="

..

3 §'

a.

~

_..

=

Q.

o

¡;

~

-

----:

(15)

H

oo

d

Ca

ptu

re Ve

l

ocitles

Tu

select an adequate

volumetric

flow ratc to withdraw air througl!

a hood, designers use the concept of capture velocities, which are air

velocities

al

the

point

of cont.aminanl

generation. The contaminan!

enters

the moving airstream at the point

of

gcneration and is

conducted

along with

the

air into the hood. The table shows

capture

vclocilics for

severa

!

industrial operations, based

on successful

cxperience under

ideal conditions.

Rang

e

o

f

Capture V

e

l

o

citl

es

Ca

pt

u

re

Co

nd

l

tl

o

n o

f

(C

ontrol

)

Co

nta

m

ln

ant

Di

s

p

crslo

n

Exa

mpl

cs

V

e

l

oc

lt

y, f

p11

Relcased with essentially Evaporation from

tanks,

50 to

100 no ve

l

ocity into still air

degreasing, plating

Relcased at low velocity

Container filling, low-

I

OOto 200

into

moderately

stiU

air

spccd convcyor

transfers,

welding

Active generalion into

Barre) filling, chute load-

200to

500 zone

of rapid air motion ing of convcyors, crushing,

cool

shakcout

Released at high velocity Grindin¡, abrasive

500 to2000

into zone of very r

a

p

i

d

b

l

asting, tumb

li

ng, hot

air motion

shakeout

In

each category

above,

a

range

of capture velocit

i

es is

shown.

proper

choice

of values depends on

severa)

factors.

Lowe

r

E

nd

of

Ran

ge

l.

Room air

currents

are

favor-able to

capture.

2. Conlaminants of low toxicity

or of nuisance value only.

3. l

otermittent, low production.

4. Large hood; large air mass

in motíon.

1.Jpp

e

r

E

nd of R

a

ng

c

1. Distributing room air

curren

2. Contaminants

of hi¡h

toxici

3. H

igh production, heavy us

4. Small

hood; local control o

22 Q

=

V(

I

Ox2

+

A)

Q

•

flow rate, cfm

V • capture velocily, fl/min

X • distancc from hood face, fl A • hood face arca,

ft

2

r

o

ri

llJ

ti

:l

~

llJ 11. ¡¡: ~~~~~~~ ~ 8~2~2~i

g

1oor-,,-.--,.--,,...-...---.--.-...---.-~~--l

§

90 t--+-+--t--l-1-+-1--1--...¡..._l--L_.l

~801-t\--t--+--+--lr--+-+--1---1--l-_.lf.-.i

>

~ 70t-+-'d--t--+--l~l--+-+--l--+--ll--I

~ sor-t-~-t--+--+--1

'--+--l-

-1---1---l.--l

~50t-+-+-..ot--+-+~i--+--l-_¡..._¡,._J__,J

ffi

40t--t--t-r...+--+--+--+--+--+-~-l.---I

>

<

30t--t-+--t--+:...+...,f--+-+-+--I-~~

t--~ :t--~

_{... i-r-11rrt-rttti}

_:L

o

10 20 30

40 50 60

70 80 90

100 110

120

OUlWAAD OISTANCE FAOM PIPE MOUTH, PEACENT OF O

V

e

l

oc

ll

y Co

nt

o

u

rs

f

o

r a Pl

al

n Rouod Op

e

nln

g

(16)

1

1 Co

nt

a

min

a

nt

Tnl

n

s

p

o

rt

Ve

l

oci

ti

es

Adaptcd írom

Industrial V

e

ntilati

o

n

-

A

Manual

of Rttommended

Practkts

(ACGIH 1988)

Nat

u

re

o

r

Co

n

tam-Mi

n1m1111

Tra

o

s

p

ort

Ve

l

ocl

t

y,

i

n

a

n!

Exa

mpl

es

Vapors,

Ali vapors, gases,

smokes

gases,

smoke

Fumes

Welding

Very

fine Cotton

lint,

wood

flour, litho

powder

light

dust

Ory

Fine rubber

dust,

Bakclite molding powder

dusts and

dusL, jutc lint,

cotton

dust,

shavings

(light),

powders soap

dust, leather

shavings

Average Grindiog dust, buffing lint (dry), wool jute dust

industrial

(shaker

waste), coffee beans,

shoe

dust, granite

dust

dust, silica flour,

general

material handling, brick

cutting,

clay dust, foundry (general), limestonc

dus

t

,

p

ackaging and weighing asbestos dust in

textilc industries

Hcavy

dusts

Sawdust (heavy and

wet),

metal tumings,

foundry

tumbling barreis and

shakeout, sandblast

dust,

wood

blocks, hog

waste,

brass turnings,

cast-iron boring dust,

lead

dust

H

eavy

L.ead dust

with

small chips,

moist

cement

dust,

or

moist asbestos

chunks

from

transite pipe cutting

dusts

machines,

buffing

lint

(sticky),

quicklirnc dust

24 fpm

Usually

1

000 to

2000

200010

2500

2500to

3000

to

4000

3500

to

4000

to

4500

4SOO

and

up

H

oo

d

E

o

try Loss

Whcn

air cnters a hood, a

loss

of total

prcssurc

occurs; thc

hood

mtry

/oss

i

s

:

h

,

=

CofJ

,

where

h, • hood entry loss, in.

or

water

C₀• loss íacior, dimension tcss

p,

•

appropriate velocity pressure, in. oí water

Tuta

l

prcssure is difficult to measure,

since

it varies across a d

u

ct,

depending on local velocity. On

thc

other hand,

static

pressure remains

constant across

a

straight duct. Therefore,

a single

measurement

of

1tatic pressure

in a straight

duct downstream

of

the hood

can

moni-tor

thc volumctric

flow rate. The

valuc of this static pressure,

hood

suction

,

is givcn by:

Phs

=

P

v

+

h,

whcrep

.u

=

hood suction, in

.

of water

L PlAIN DUCT ENO

c

.

•1.0

FACEAREAAT LEASTZTIMES DUCTAREA

b. FLANGED OUCT ENO

c.

•0.60

.

•

c. ORIFICE AT OUCT E.NO

e,

-1.1e (USEP. OFORIFICE)

.J • ..

~

.

,.

t;

•

<

...

RECT '"NOULAR l SQU• E V

_,

.

~

..

....

~

,

,I'. l.-

--

ROUNO ~

...

ffi

o 10 DUCTAREA

.

,.

-

--FAC! ... REAAT ~ l.!MT2TIME8

...

0 I 0 4 0 H M N I O l t o l . o t t O I M

.. INClUOEO ANGlE IN OEGREES d. TAPEREOHOOOS

FLANGEDOR UNFLANGEO: AOUNO, IOUAAE OA RECTANGULAR flSTI1E MAJOAANOlEON RECTANOUlARHOODS.

E

n

try Losses

f

o

r

lY

p

ica

l H

oods

25

(17)

Oucts 6º on cente,. (mox.) for lo,.ge hoods

t::

3 :::

t

::

1 ::

3:::t

::

t

::3:::

t

::

3

H•4' max. 6'º _{ovtr'hong on}mln. three 1fdu Coo)(1ng equipmenl

, HOOO ACAINST WALL

O • 80 cfm/11 of hood oreo (80 WI.)

Hol tou thon 50 cfm/fl' of foco oreo (50 PH)

p • per-lmeter or hood ; 2W + l

Ouct vetoclty :: 1000 - .COOO fpm. to 1ult conditfons h, • {ffllor tHlslonce + 0.1") + 0.50 VP, (alro19hl toko-off)

i..

•

(flllor rulslonce + 0.1") + 0.25 VP, (toporod toko-oll)

6' moximum

E::

3 :::t::f

::1:

::t::

1 ::

3 :::

t

::3

H='' mox.

tslond cooklng Ot"eo

6" m1n. overhong

oll 1ldu

ISLANO IYPC HOOO

O • 125 clm/112 of hood oreo (125 WL)

P = perimeler of hood

2W + 2l

Nol IHs 1hon 50 cfm/111 of foco oroo (50 PH)

Mlnlmum ducl veloclty

=

1000 - ~000 fpm, to sull condillons

h, • (flllor rt1lslonc1 + 0.1") + 0.50 VP, (alrolghl toke-off)

h, • (flllor reolalonce + O. t") + 0.25 VP, (topored toke·off)

Kitchen

Range

Hoods

R~prin~ w~th pcrmission oflhc American ConfCTCncc of 00\ICTrunental Jndus· lrlal Hwenuts for

Industrial Ventilation-A Manual

of

Pmc-tice,

21st Edítion (1992).

26

Duets 6' on center moxlmum

l - - -

-

-"

roce or ends can opentd for fllter

rtmovot - - - -

-r1111r mounllng holghl

See note 4 below,

Cookin9 tquipment

Cloaed tnds dtalrobl•

LOW SIOC WALL HOOO

Q • 200 clm/lineol 11 of cooklng 1urloc• {200l)

Mlnimum duct velocity = 1000 4000 tpm, to 1uit CO!"lditions

h : {filler res;stonee + 0.1") • 0.50 VP, ( alrolghl 1oke-ofl) h: • (filler reslstonce + 0. t") + 0.25VP, (lopered loke-off)

Kitchen Range lloods

Notes for Kltchen Hood•

Fllters

1. Select praetical filler size.

2.

Determine number of filters requlred lro manufac:turer's data. (Usually,

2

cfm maximum exhaust for each square inch ol filler area.)

3.

lnstall at 45º - 60ºto horizontal. Never horizontal. 4. Alter mounling height

a. No exposed oooking flame- 18" mlnimum to lowest edge <_>f filler.

b. Charcoal and similar fires-4' mlnlmum to lowest edge ol ftlter.

5.

Shleld lilters from dlrect radlant heat.

6.

Provlde removable g1ease drlp pan.

7.

Clean pan and lilters regularly.

Fana

1. Use upblasl discharge tan.

2. Select fan lor design Q and SP resistance ol filters and duct.

3.

Adjust tan specificatíon lor expected exhaust alr temperatura. Reprinled with pennission oflhcAmerican ConfCTCnceofGovernmental Indu s-trial H)'licnists for