SCI20AB_AK CHEM

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Science 20

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This document is intended for Science 20

Assignment Booklet Answer Key

Copyright © 2006, Alberta Education. This resource is owned by the Crown in Right of Alberta, as represented by the Minister of Education, Alberta Education, 10155 – 102 Street, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5J 4L5. All rights reserved.

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This Teacher Resource Guide contains answers to teacher-assessed assignments and a student’s copy of midterm and ﬁnal exams, and exam answer keys; therefore, it should be kept secure by the teacher. Students should not have access to the midterm and ﬁnal exams until they are assigned in a supervised situation. The teacher should store the assignment and exam answer keys securely at all times.

SECURITY NOTICE

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About Unit A, Assignment Booklet A1

Science 20: Unit A, Assignment Booklet A1 Blueprint

Assignment Question

Suggested Mark Value

Question Type

Program of Studies Reference (2005)

Cognitive Level*

Textbook Reference

#1 1 multiple choice A1.2s, A1.3s 2 Lesson 1.1

#7 6 matching A1.2s, A1.3s 2 Lesson 1.1

#8 3 true/false A1.2s, A1.3s 2 Lesson 1.1

#9 2 ﬁll in the blank A1.2s, A1.3s 2 Lesson 1.1

#10 1 multiple choice A1.1sts, A1.2sts 2 Lesson 1.2

#14 4 matching A1.1sts, A1.2sts 2 Lesson 1.2

#15 2 true/false A1.1sts, A1.2sts 2 Lesson 1.2

#16 3 written response A1.1sts, A1.2sts 4 Lesson 1.2

#17 3 ﬁll in the blank A1.1sts, A1.2sts 2 Lesson 1.2

#18 1 multiple choice A1.1k 2 Lesson 1.3

#22 5 matching A1.1k, A1.2k 2 Lesson 1.3

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#24 3 written response A1.1k, A1.2k 2 Lesson 1.3

#26 1 multiple choice A1.3k, A1.1sts 4 Lesson 1.4

#30 2 true/false A1.3k 2 Lesson 1.4

#31 2 written response A1.3k 2 Lesson 1.4

#37 1 multiple choice A1.5k, A1.2s 3 Lesson 1.5

#38 1 multiple choice A1.5k, A1.2s 3 Lesson 1.5

#43 2 true/false A1.4k, A1.5k 2 Lesson 1.5

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Answer Key for Assignment Booklet A1

Chapter 1 Total Marks: 79

1. B (1 mark) 2. C (1 mark) 3. D (1 mark) 4. C (1 mark) 5. C (1 mark) 6. A (1 mark)

7. a. iii b. xii c. i d. v e. iv f. vi

g. ix h. ii i. x j. vii k. viii l. xi

(6 marks)

8. a. F b. T c. F d. T e. F f. T

(3 marks)

9.

p n

2e 8e 2e

-12

12 Element: magnesium

(2 marks)

10. C (1 mark) 11. B (1 mark) 12. B (1 mark) 13. A (1 mark)

14. a. vi b. iv c. v d. ii e. viii f. i g. vii h. iii

(4 marks)

15. a. T b. T c. F d. T

(2 marks)

16. Carbon has four electrons in its outermost energy level, so it needs four electrons to become stable. Hydrogen has one electron to share. Therefore, just four hydrogen atoms are required to provide four electrons to ﬁll the outermost energy level for carbon. (3 marks)

17. ionic compound, molecular compound, and metallic element. (3 marks)

18. D (1 mark) 19. D (1 mark) 20. A (1 mark) 21. B (1 mark)

22. a. iv b. x c. vi d. v e. viii

f. ix g. vii h. ii i. i j. iii

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23. a. T b. T c. T d. T (2 marks)

24. An electrolyte contains dissociated negative and positive ions. The positive ions move toward the negative electrode and the negative ions move toward the positive electrode. This movement of ions to each electrode completes the circuit of the conductivity meter, allowing a current to ﬂow. (3 marks)

25. C (1 mark) 26. A (1 mark) 27. A (1 mark) 28. A (1 mark) 29. B (1 mark)

30. a. F b. F c. T d. F

(2 marks)

31. You can determine the relative concentrations of two solutions by

• visual inspection of the relative colour intensity

• comparing how effective the solutions are at passing a current of electricity • comparing how readily the solution reacts with other solutions

(2 marks)

32. A (1 mark) 33. C (1 mark) 34. B (1 mark) 35. B (1 mark) 36. B (1 mark) 37. C (1 mark) 38. B (1 mark) 39. D (1 mark) 40. C (1 mark) 41. A (1 mark)

42. a. ii b. vi c. iv d. i e. iii f. v

(3 marks)

43. a. F b. T c. F d. T

(2 marks)

44. a. msolute= 4.50 ¥ 10

-5

g parts per million ppm

4.50 10 g 400 g solute

solution

= ¥

= ¥ - ¥

m

m 10

6

5 110

0 113

6_ppm

ppm

= .

m_solution= 400 g parts per million = ?

The concentration of arsenic in the water sample is 0.113 ppm. (3 marks)

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45. V_i= 1.75 L C V C V

V C V

C i i f f

f i i

f

mol/L L mol/L L = = =

(

)(

)

=

9 00 1 75 2 50

6 30

. .

C_i= 9.00 mol/L

C_f= 2.50 mol/L

V_f = ?

V_added= ?

Subtract the initial volume from the ﬁnal volume to ﬁnd the amount of water added.

V_added V V_f _i

L L L

=

-=

6 30 1 75 4 55

. .

.

The technician must add 4.55 L of water to the concentrated solution. (4 marks)

About Unit A, Assignment Booklet A2

Science 20: Unit A, Assignment Booklet A2 Blueprint

Assignment Question Suggested Mark Value Question Type Program of Studies Reference (2005) Cognitive Level* Textbook Reference

#1 1 multiple choice A2.1s, A1.1sts 1 Lesson 2.1

#3 1 multiple choice A2.2sts 1 Lesson 2.1

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#18 1 multiple choice A2.2sts, A2.2k 5 Lesson 2.3

#19 1 multiple choice A2.5k, A2.4k 2 Lesson 2.4

#22 1 multiple choice A2.A2.5k, A2.4k 2 Lesson 2.4

#23 1 multiple choice A2.1s, A2.5k 5 Lesson 2.4

#24 1 multiple choice A2.3s 6 Lesson 2.4

#26 1 multiple choice A2.3s, A2.5k, _A2.2sts 3 Lesson 2.5

#29 5 written response

A2.4k, A2.5k, A2.3s, A2.4s,

A2.2sts

3 Lesson 2.5

*Cognitive Level Legend: 1 = Knowledge; 2 = Comprehension; 3 = Application; 4 = Analysis; 5 = Synthesis; 6 = Evaluation

Answer Key for Assignment Booklet A2

Chapter 2 Total Marks: 42

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8. n_NO= 1.2 ¥ 104

mol, n_O

2 =?

n n coefficient coefficient n n n n O NO O NO O NO O NO 2 2 2 2 4 = = = ¥ = ¥ 5 5 4 5

4 1.22 10 1 5 10

4 4 ¥

(

)

= ¥ mol mol .

The amount of oxygen needed is 1.5 ¥ 104_{mol. (3 marks)}

9. D (1 mark) 10. B (1 mark)

11. a. F b. T c. T d. F

(2 marks)

12. Au3+_(aq)₊_3e-_Æ_{Au(s) (2 marks)}

13. a. The zinc is oxidized. With its charge changing from 0 to 2 +, it is losing electrons. (1 mark)

b. The silver ion is reduced. With its charge changing from 1+ (as an ion) to 0 as an element, it is gaining electrons. (1 mark)

c. The nitrate ion is a spectator ion because as an ion its charge remains as 1-. (1 mark)

14. a. 2 Al(s) + 3 I₂(s) Æ 2 AlI₃(s) (1 mark) b. 4 Fe(s) + 3 O₂(s) Æ 2 Fe₂O₃(s) (1 mark)

c. 3 Zn(s) + 2 AuCl₃(aq) Æ 2 Au(s) + 3 ZnCl₂(aq) (1 mark) 15. B (1 mark)

16. C (1 mark) 17. C (1 mark) 18. A (1 mark) 19. A (1 mark) 20. C (1 mark) 21. A (1 mark) 22. A (1 mark) 23. A (1 mark) 24. B (1 mark)

25. The salt bridge allows for the movement of anions and cations as the redox reaction occurs. Since the cell is a circuit, the ﬂow of electrons (negative charge) along the wire between the electrodes must be balanced with a movement of charge in the solution. The salt bridge provides a means for the ﬂow of charged ions between the electrolyte solutions. (2 marks)

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29. a. This diagram depicts an electrolytic cell. (1 mark)

b. An electrolytic cell is a non-spontaneous reaction. The power source is required to force the exchange of electrons for the reaction to proceed. (2 marks)

c. Zn2+_(aq)₊_2e-_Æ_Zn(s)

Reduction always occurs at the cathode of a cell. In this cell, the zinc ions are reduced to zinc metal. (2 marks)

About Unit A, Assignment Booklet A3

Science 20: Unit A, Assignment Booklet A2 Blueprint

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#24 3 matching A3.4k 2 Lesson 3.3

#38 2 written response A3.2sts 6 Lesson 3.4

Answer Key for Assignment Booklet A3

Chapter 3 Total Marks: 65

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4. a. T b. F c. F d. F e. F f. T (3 marks)

5. The following are reasons for the variety of carbon-based compounds:

• Carbon atoms have the ability to bond to four different atoms. This ability allows for many unique molecular structures.

• Covalent bonds to carbon atoms are generally stable because the valence electrons are close to the nucleus of the carbon atom.

(2 marks) 6.

C C

C

H

C

H

C C

H H

C

H

C

H

C

H

C H

H

C H

H

(3 marks)

7. C (1 mark) 8. A (1 mark) 9. C (1 mark) 10. D (1 mark) 11. C (1 mark) 12. B (1 mark) 13. A (1 mark) 14. C (1 mark) 15. B (1 mark)

16. a. v b. ii c. vii d. iv e. vi f. viii g. i h. iii

(4 marks)

17. a. F b. F c. T d. F e. T f. T

(3 marks) 18.

C C

H

C

H

C C

H H

H

(2 marks)

19. a.

CH

3

C CH

2

CH

3 b.

CH

3

C

CH

2

CH

3

CH CH

3

CH

2

CH

2

CH

3

CH

2

(2 marks) (3 marks)

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20. C (1 mark) 21. A (1 mark) 22. A (1 mark) 23. A (1 mark)

24. a. ii b. iv c. i d. iii e. v f. vi

(3 marks)

25. a. T b. F c. T d. F

(2 marks)

26. No, these are not the only products possible from this reactant. Because cracking can occur anywhere along the chain, a number of possible combinations can be produced. (2 marks)

27. A (1 mark) 28. B (1 mark) 29. B (1 mark) 30. C (1 mark) 31. D (1 mark) 32. A (1 mark) 33. C (1 mark) 34. D (1 mark)

35. Some of the ways in which petrochemical products are used in the manufacture or use of motor vehicles are as follows:

• gasoline, natural gas, propane, or diesel for fuel • nylon for seat belts

• plastic for dashboards and interior mouldings • ethylene glycol as antifreeze for cooling systems

• oil to lubricate moving parts in engines and other locations • grease to lubricate moving parts in suspension systems • synthetic rubber for tires

(4 marks)

36. C7H16(l) + 11 O2(g) Æ 7 CO2(g) + 8 H2O(g) (3 marks)

37.

CH

3

C

CH

2

CH

2

CH

2

CH

3

CH

3

CH

3

C8H18(l) + 12.5 O2(g) Æ 8 CO2(g) + 9 H2O(g)

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38. The following are some reasons to use petrochemicals carefully:

• Petrochemicals are derived from the natural resources of crude oil or natural gas. There is only a ﬁnite supply of these natural resources.

• Discarded petrochemicals, such as plastics, may not degrade easily. They may contribute to more land being converted into landﬁll sites.

• Petrochemicals that are used as fuel lead to carbon dioxide emissions. Carbon dioxide emissions are partly responsible for the enhanced greenhouse effect.

• Some toxic chemicals may be released into the environment during the production, use, or discarding of petrochemicals.

(2 marks)

About Unit B, Assignment Booklet B1

Science 20: Unit B, Assignment Booklet B1 Blueprint

#1 1 multiple choice B2.2k 2 Lesson 1.1

#5 2 written response B1.2k 2 Lesson 1.1

#8 1 multiple choice B1.2sts 4 Lesson 1.2

#9 4 written response B1.2sts 4 Lesson 1.2

#12 2 matching B1.1k 1 Lesson 1.3

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#19 1 multiple choice B1.3s 3 Lesson 1.4

#25 5 written response B1.3s 3 Lesson 1.4

#29 1 multiple choice B1.2s; B1.2k 3 Lesson 1.5

#32 1 multiple choice B1.3s; B1.1sts 3 Lesson 1.6

#33 1 multiple choice B1.1sts; B1.3s 3 Lesson 1.6

#36 1 multiple choice B1.1sts; B1.3k 2 Lesson 1.7

#37 1 multiple choice B1.1sts; B1.3k 2 Lesson 1.7

#39 1 multiple choice B1.1sts; B1.3s 3 Lesson 1.7

#40 2 written response B1.1s 4 Lesson 1.7

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Answer Key for Assignment Booklet B1

Chapter 1 Total Marks: 68

1. B (1 mark) 2. C (1 mark) 3. C (1 mark) 4. A (1 mark)

5. Average speed is the speed over a certain time interval. Instantaneous speed is the speed at an instant in time. (2 marks)

6. A (1 mark) 7. D (1 mark) 8. A (1 mark)

9. a. Answers will vary. Sample risks of HID headlights are given.

• HID headlights can produce an intense light that creates excessive glare for drivers in oncoming vehicles.

• HID headlights emit a greater percentage of blue light than do conventional headlights. This has the effect of signiﬁcantly reducing the night vision adaptation for drivers in oncoming vehicles. It takes a while for the dark adaptation to return after exposure to HID headlights.

• HID headlights are expensive because they require specialty components and are difﬁcult to make.

(2 marks)

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b. Answers will vary. Sample beneﬁts of HID headlights are given.

• Motorists driving vehicles with HID headlights can effectively see objects at the side of the road.

• HID headlights illuminate a greater distance of the road ahead, and especially in rain.

• HID headlights require 40% less energy to generate the same amount of light.

• HID headlights last up to ten times longer because they don’t have a delicate ﬁlament that easily breaks.

• HID headlights can ﬁt into smaller spaces, providing automotive designers greater ﬂexibility. (2 marks)

10. D (1 mark) 11. B (1 mark)

12. a. ii b. iii c. iv d. i

(2 marks)

13. C (1 mark) 14. B (1 mark) 15. A (1 mark) 16. B (1 mark) 17. D (1 mark)

18. Answers will vary. For travel where there is a change in direction or where the movement is not in a straight line, the magnitude of the average velocity will be less than the average speed. (2 marks)

19. B (1 mark) 20. C (1 mark) 21. D (1 mark) 22. D (1 mark) 23. C (1 mark) 24. B (1 mark)

25. a. The locomotive is travelling with a uniform motion. Its velocity is - 36 km/h. (3 marks)

b. v= -36 km/h d v t =

= -

(

)

(

)

= -D

36 0 10 3 6

km/h h km

. .

Dt= ¥

=

6 0 1

0 10 .

.

min h 60 min h

Dd=?

The displacement of the locomotive is - 3.6 km. (2 marks)

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31. C (1 mark) 32. B (1 mark) 33. A (1 mark) 34. C (1 mark)

35. Dt= 3.5 s D D D

D

d v t a t

a t v

     = +

( )

=

( )

=

(

-

)

¨ = i 2 i m/s 1 2 1 2 1

2 9 81 3 5 2

2

0

. . ss

m

(

)

=

-2

60 a= -9 81. m/s2

v_i =0

Dd=?

After 3.5 s of free fall, the displacement of the skydiver is - 60 m or 60 m[down]. (2 marks)

36. A (1 mark) 37. D (1 mark) 38. B (1 mark) 39. D (1 mark)

40. By only looking at the intersections with slower trafﬁc, the relationship between the trafﬁc speed and the duration of the yellow light may remain unclear.

By avoiding rush hour, the relationship between the trafﬁc density and the duration of the yellow light, if one exists, will remain unexplored. (2 marks)

41. a. i b. ii c. iv d. iii

(2 marks)

42. B (1 mark) 43. A (1 mark)

44. The length of the “no zone” in front of a transport truck represents a proportion of the distance a truck needs to safely slow down or stop in response to a vehicle ahead of it. A fully loaded truck has greater mass (than an empty truck) and, thus, requires a greater distance to slow down or stop safely. (2 marks)

45. B (1 mark) 46. B (1 mark) 47. A (1 mark)

48. During a rear-end collision, the part of an occupant’s body below the neck accelerates according to Newton’s second law along with the vehicle due to the force exerted by the back of the seat. Without a headrest, a forward force on the head is absent. Therefore, in accordance with Newton’s ﬁrst law of motion, the head tends to remain at rest. As the head and the rest of the body move apart, the tissues in the neck are damaged due to stretching. But with a headrest in place, a net force is exerted on the head causing the head to accelerate in accordance with Newton’s second law and in unison with the rest of the body. This acceleration of the head (along with the body) prevents damage to the neck. (4 marks)

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Science 20: Unit B, Assignment Booklet B2 Blueprint

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#23 1 multiple choice B2.1 sts; B2.7k 3 Lesson 2.6

#25 2 matching B2.7k 1 Lesson 2.6

#26 4 written response B2.1sts; B2.4s 3 Lesson 2.6

Answer Key for Assignment Booklet B2

Chapter 2 Total Marks: 36

1. C (1 mark) 2. A (1 mark) 3. C (1 mark) 4. B (1 mark)

5. Let north be the positive direction.

p= ¥

= - ¥

8 55 10 8 55 10

7 7 . . kg m/s[S] kg m/s i i p mv m p v = = =- _-¥ = ¥

8 55 10

3 42 10 7 5 . . kg m/s 250 m/s kg i v= = - ¥ ¥ = -900 900 1000 1 1 250 km/h[S] km h m km h 3600 s m/s

m= ?

The mass of the airplane is 3.42 ¥ 105_{kg. (3 marks)}

6. B (1 mark) 7. D (1 mark) 8. C (1 mark)

9. Let the direction (forward) of the force be positive.

Dt= 3.5 s Dp F t D

i i = = +

(

)

(

)

= + ¥ = + ¥

360 3 5 1 26 10 1 26 10 3

3 N s

N s kg m/s . . . F 

= +360 N

Dp=?

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10. A (1 mark) 11. D (1 mark) 12. C (1 mark) 13. D (1 mark) 14. D (1 mark) 15. C (1 mark) 16. B (1 mark)

17. The car is exerting a force of 3750 N[W] on the tow truck. According to Newton’s third law, the force the car exerts is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the force exerted by the tow truck. (2 marks)

18. A (1 mark) 19. D (1 mark) 20. A (1 mark) 21. C (1 mark)

22. When the force of friction is negligible, the net force on the system is practically zero. When the net force is zero, the sum of the momentums before equals the sum of the momentums after an interaction. Newton’s third law predicts that momentum will be conserved only when the net force on the system is zero. (2 marks)

23. B (1 mark) 24. C (1 mark)

25. a. iii b. ii c. iv d. i

(2 marks)

26. In case you accidentally hit your head, a bicycle helmet will reduce the severity of the accident in two ways. The compressible foam liner of the helmet collapses somewhat during the impact. This increases the time interval of the impulse and so reduces the overall force that is exerted on your head. Also, the hard plastic outer shell of the helmet spreads the force beyond the point of ﬁrst impact and thereby reduces the force exerted at that point. (4 marks)

About Unit C, Assignment Booklet C1

Science 20: Unit C, Assignment Booklet C1 Blueprint

#1 1 multiple choice C2.5k 1 Lesson 1.1

#4 2 true/false C2.5k, C3.4k 2 Lesson 1.1

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#6 2 written response C2.7k 3 Lesson 1.1

#7 1 multiple choice C3.3k, C3.2s, _C3.3s 3 Lesson 1.2

#13 3 matching C3.3k, C3.5k 2 Lesson 1.2

#19 2 matching C3.3k 2 Lesson 1.3

#21 3 written response C1.1k, C1.2k 2 Lesson 1.3

#26 1 multiple choice C1.1k, C3.3k 2 Lesson 1.4

#27 1 multiple choice C1.1k, C3.3k 2 Lesson 1.4

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Answer Key for Assignment Booklet C1

Chapter 1 Total Marks: 60

1. B (1 mark) 2. D (1 mark) 3. A (1 mark)

4. a. T b. T c. F d. T

(2 marks)

5. a. vi b. iii c. v d. i e. ii f. vii g. iv h. viii

(4 marks)

6. The circular motion of the semi-ﬂuid material in a lava lamp heats up and rises. It then cools and moves back to the bottom. Similarly, the semi-ﬂuid asthenosphere and lower mantle heat up and rise, then cool and sink back down. (2 marks)

7. A (1 mark) 8. D (1 mark) 9. C (1 mark) 10. B (1 mark) 11. C (1 mark)

12. a. T b. T c. T d. F

(2 marks)

13. a. v b. ii c. vi d. iv e. i f. iii

(3 marks)

#33 1 multiple choice C3.1k, C3.3s 2 Lesson 1.5

#37 1 multiple choice C1.2k, C3.1k, _C3.3s 3 Lesson 1.5

#38 1 multiple choice C1.2k, C3.1k, _C3.3s 3 Lesson 1.5

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14. B (1 mark) 15. C (1 mark) 16. D (1 mark) 17. C (1 mark) 18. D (1 mark)

19. a. ii b. i c. iv d. iii

(2 marks)

20. Sharks continually shed their teeth, which then end up on the ocean ﬂoor. The teeth become buried in sediment on the ocean ﬂoor. Over millions of years, the sediment becomes sedimentary rock. At some point, the sedimentary rock is lifted by the process of plate tectonics and becomes part of a mountain range. The mountain range is eroded over millions of years and, eventually, the shark’s teeth become exposed and are found embedded in the rock. (3 marks)

21. Two fundamental ideas proposed in the seventeenth century that enabled geologists to date rock layers are the law of superposition and the discovery of index fossils. The law of superposition states that a rock layer is younger than the rock layers below it. The discovery of index fossils allowed geologists to create a stratigraphic column for all of Earth and to use this scale to summarize Earth’s history based on the fossil evidence. (3 marks)

22. C (1 mark) 23. B (1 mark) 24. C (1 mark) 25. A (1 mark) 26. B (1 mark) 27. B (1 mark)

28. a. T b. F c. T d. F

(2 marks)

29. Fossils are often found near existing or historic bodies of water because when organisms die, they are covered by sediments and prevented from decaying. (2 marks)

30. An unconformity forms when uplifted rock layers are eroded and are then covered by a sedimentary layer. (2 marks)

31. C (1 mark) 32. C (1 mark) 33. C (1 mark) 34. D (1 mark) 35. A (1 mark) 36. C (1 mark) 37. B (1 mark) 38. B (1 mark)

39. a. vi b. i c. ii d. iv e. iii f. v

(3 marks)

40. To measure the absolute age of a fossil, scientists determine the percentage of parent and daughter nuclides in the sample. Using the decay curve, they can then determine the number of half-lives that have elapsed. Then they multiply the number of half-lives by the length of one half-life of the particular nuclide. (2 marks)

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About Unit C, Assignment Booklet C2

Science 20: Unit C, Assignment Booklet C2 Blueprint

#15 3 matching C2.4k, C3.4k 2 Lesson 2.2

#16 2 true/false C2.4k, C3.3k, _C3.4k 2 Lesson 2.2

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#24 4 matching C2.1k, C2.2k, _C2.3k 2 Lesson 2.3

#28 1 multiple choice C2.6 2 Lesson 2.4

#31 2 true/false C2.6k 2 Lesson 2.4

#33 2 written response C.A.2.8 4 Lesson 2.4

Answer Key for Assignment Booklet C2

Chapter 2 Total Marks: 51

1. C (1 mark) 2. B (1 mark) 3. D (1 mark) 4. B (1 mark) 5. D (1 mark) 6. B (1 mark) 7. D (1 mark) 8. C (1 mark)

9. a. iii b. i c. ii d. iv

(2 marks)

10. The Burgess Shale fossil bed formed when mudslides on the seaward side of a reef buried both shallow-water and deep-shallow-water organisms. Because the organisms were buried deep in the mud, both hard and soft body parts were preserved. After the Burgess Shale organisms were buried, additional layers of sediment were deposited over millions of years. When the North American Plate collided with the Paciﬁc Plate, the Burgess Shale fossil bed was lifted and folded to become part of the Canadian Rockies. (3 marks)

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15. a. vi b. i c. v d. iv e. ii f. iii (3 marks)

16. a. T b. T c. F d. T

(2 marks)

17. Seismic waves are created by small explosions near the surface and travel deep into Earth. Each time a seismic wave encounters a rock layer with a different density, the wave’s speed is affected and its travel direction is altered. Geologists can determine the different types of rock encountered and decide which rock layers contain petroleum. (3 marks)

18. B (1 mark) 19. D (1 mark) 20. C (1 mark) 21. A (1 mark) 22. B (1 mark) 23. C (1 mark)

24. a. vii b. iv c. iii d. vi e. i f. viii g. v h. ii

(4 marks)

25. To determine the magnitude of an earthquake using a Richter magnitude chart, you need to know the distance of each station from the epicentre and the maximum amplitude of the S-wave. (2 marks)

26. Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust. Therefore, oceanic crust tends to sink under the lighter, more buoyant continental crust. (2 marks)

27. Convection currents in the unevenly heated, semi-solid asthenosphere are believed to be responsible for plate movement. This process is also occurring in the atmosphere and in the ocean. (3 marks)

28. D (1 mark) 29. B (1 mark) 30. A (1 mark)

31. a. F b. T c. T d. F

(2 marks)

32. One possible explanation is that a large comet or asteroid struck Earth and caused massive ﬁrestorms and a blackout that would have lasted for months. Another possible explanation is that massive volcanoes in what is now Siberia caused the Permian Extinction. (2 marks)

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About Unit C, Assignment Booklet C3

Science 20: Unit C, Assignment Booklet C3 Blueprint

#4 1 multiple choice C4.1k, C4.1sts 3 Lesson 3.1

#8 3 written response C1.2k, C3.4k 4 Lesson 3.1

#10 1 multiple choice C4.1 2 Lesson 3.2

#13 1 multiple choice C4.2s 4 Lesson 3.2

#18 3 written response C4.2k, C4.2s 4 Lesson 3.2

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#26 3 true/false C4.3k, C4.1sts 2 Lesson 3.3

#27 3 written response C4.2k, C4.3s 3 Lesson 3.3

#28 2 written response C4.3k, C4.1sts 2 Lesson 3.3

Answer Key for Assignment Booklet C3

Chapter 3 Total Marks: 45

1. A (1 mark) 2. D (1 mark) 3. C (1 mark) 4. B (1 mark) 5. A (1 mark) 6. C (1 mark)

7. a. T b. T c. F d. T

(2 marks)

8. Herds of new hoofed animals with the ability to digest cellulose—called ruminants—grazed the land, eating grasses and the tips of plants. Grasses were able to survive this grazing because they grow from the base, whereas plants that grow from the tip were not able to survive. This led to the dominance of grasses in Alberta in the late Tertiary Period. (3 marks)

9. D (1 mark) 10. C (1 mark) 11. B (1 mark) 12. D (1 mark) 13. D (1 mark) 14. C (1 mark) 15. D (1 mark)

16. a. ii b. iv c. i d. iii e. vi f. v

(3 marks)

17. Three different examples of glacial action in Alberta are teardrop-shaped hills west of Cochrane, small round hills and scattered ponds found between the towns of Slave Lake and Fort Vermilion, and a large deposit of sand that forms the Athabasca Dunes. (3 marks)

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19. D (1 mark) 20. A (1 mark) 21. B (1 mark) 22. C (1 mark) 23. C (1 mark) 24. A (1 mark)

25. a. iii b. vii c. i d. ii e. v f. iv g. viii h. vi

(4 marks)

26. a. F b. F c. T d. F e. T f. F

(3 marks)

27. Global warming of the atmosphere is melting the Greenland Ice Sheet. This melting is pushing the portion of the global conveyer that warms Europe farther south, thereby causing a cooling of Europe. (3 marks)

28. Supercomputers like the Earth Simulator are built to study climate modelling because the number of computations involved in climate modelling is so great that leading-edge supercomputers operating at speeds of 40 trillion calculations per second are required. (2 marks)

About Unit D, Assignment Booklet D1

Science 20: Unit D, Assignment Booklet D1 Blueprint

#1 1 multiple choice D1.1k 2 Lesson 1.1

#5 1 multiple choice D1.1sts 3 Lesson 1.1

#6 3 matching D1.1k 2 Lesson 1.1

#7 2 true/false D1.1k 2 Lesson 1.1

#8 2 written response D1.1k 2 Lesson 1.1

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#24 1 multiple choice D1.3s 3 Lesson 1.4

#27 2 written answer D1.2s, D1.3s 3 Lesson 1.4

#32 1 multiple choice D2.1k, D2.1sts 2 Lesson 1.5

#35 4 graphing D2.1k, D2.1sts, _D2.2s 3 Lesson 1.5

#36 1 written response D2.1k, D2.2s 4 Lesson 1.5

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Answer Key for Assignment Booklet D1

Chapter 1 Total Marks: 68

1. C (1 mark) 2. D (1 mark) 3. D (1 mark) 4. D (1 mark) 5. C (1 mark)

6. a. ii b. v c. iii d. i e. iv f. vi

(3 marks)

7. a. T b. F c. T d. T

(2 marks)

8. Begonias prefer well-drained soil, whereas petunias prefer moist soil. Also, begonias prefer shaded areas while petunias grow well in sunny locations. (2 marks)

9. B (1 mark) 10. C (1 mark) 11. A (1 mark)

12. a. iii b. vi c. iv d. i e. ii f. v

(3 marks)

13. a. T b. T c. F d. F

(2 marks)

14. The bison were dependent on the prairie grasses for food. The grasses were dependent on the micro-organisms to convert decaying organic matter into nitrogen and phosphorus. (2 marks)

15. C (1 mark) 16. C (1 mark) 17. D (1 mark) 18. D (1 mark) 19. D (1 mark)

20. a. vi b. v c. i d. iii e. vii f. iv g. viii h. ii

(4 marks)

#41 2 true/false D1.4k, D1.5k 2 Lesson 1.6

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21. a. F b. T c. T d. T (2 marks)

22. A producer is able to make its own food from basic elements using the process of photosynthesis, whereas a consumer eats other organisms. (2 marks)

23. There are few hawks and owls compared to the number of mice and prairie dogs because it takes a large number of mice and prairie dogs to feed one hawk or one owl. (2 marks)

24. D (1 mark) 25. B (1 mark) 26. A (1 mark)

27. The purpose of the base line and the transect is to provide a boundary for students to complete their ecological measurements in a systematic way. The boundary ensures students use both a terrestrial system and an aquatic ecosystem. (2 marks)

28. B (1 mark) 29. C (1 mark) 30. A (1 mark) 31. D (1 mark) 32. C (1 mark)

33. a. iv b. ii c. viii d. i e. iii f. vi g. vii h. v

(4 marks)

34. a. T b. T c. T d. F

(2 marks)

35.

Year

Total U

se (k

m

3 )

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10 000

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

1950

World Water Use from 1950–2000

Students should draw a curve of best ﬁt on the graph. (4 marks)

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37. C (1 mark) 38. B (1 mark) 39. D (1 mark)

40. a. iii b. iv c. i d. ii

(2 marks)

41. a. F b. T c. T d. F

(2 marks)

42. Seismic exploration begins with the removal of trees and shrubs to create access roads for equipment and vehicles and camp areas for crews. Several companies may perform seismic exploration over the same area over a number of years—this adds to the fragmentation. The result is that the area becomes crisscrossed with access roads and cutlines. (2 marks)

43. An invasive species is able to establish itself in a new area because it has no natural enemies in the new location. (1 mark)

About Unit D, Assignment Booklet D2

Science 20: Unit D, Assignment Booklet D2 Blueprint

#7 1 multiple choice D1.2k, D1.3k 3 Lesson 2.2

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#26 2 true/false D3.1k, D3.3k, _D3.4k 2 Lesson 2.4

#27 5 matching D3.1k, D3.3k, _D3.4k 2 Lesson 2.4

#35 2 matching D3.1k, D3.2k, _D3.3k 2 Lesson 2.5

#37 4 written response D3.1sts 2 Lesson 2.5

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Answer Key for Assignment Booklet D2

Chapter 2 Total Marks: 55

1. B (1 mark) 2. D (1 mark) 3. A (1 mark)

4. a. iv b. iii c. i d. ii

(2 marks)

5. Humus provides a medium that holds moisture and provides nutrients so seeds will germinate quickly and thrive. (2 marks)

6. A (1 mark) 7. B (1 mark) 8. D (1 mark) 9. D (1 mark) 10. B (1 mark) 11. B (1 mark) 12. A (1 mark) 13. D (1 mark) 14. D (1 mark)

15. In secondary succession, only the vegetation in the area has been removed by the disturbance. In primary succession, both the vegetation and the soil are removed in the given area. (2 marks)

16. Clearcutting an area of forest will eventually beneﬁt the deer population because it will allow for the new growth of small plants and grasses. However, it also opens up areas that allow predators to have easier access to the deer population. (2 marks)

17. D (1 mark) 18. D (1 mark) 19. C (1 mark) 20. D (1 mark)

21. a. iii b. vi c. ii d. i e. v f. iv

(3 marks)

22. D (1 mark) 23. B (1 mark) 24. C (1 mark) 25. A (1 mark)

26. a. F b. T c. T d. F

(2 marks)

27. a. vi b. iii c. iv d. i e. viii

f. ii g. v h. vii i. x j. ix

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28. The Banff Springs snail is an endangered species because it lives in a closed environment and is subject to changing conditions in its environment brought on by people introducing chemicals, accidentally dislodging snail eggs, or accidentally crushing the snails. (2 marks)

29. The snails with the solid dark shells will have the best chance of survival because the dark colour will blend in with the shadows and dark colours at the bottom of the forest ﬂoor. (2 marks)

30. C (1 mark) 31. D (1 mark) 32. C (1 mark) 33. B (1 mark) 34. D (1 mark)

35. a. iii b. i c. ii d. iv

(2 marks)

36. In the years before the drought, ﬁnches with narrower beaks tended to be predominant since they ate large populations of caterpillars. After the drought the caterpillar population declined, so more ﬁnches with wide beaks survived. (2 marks)

37. Darwin would state that giraffes with longer necks were more likely to survive since they could reach leaves higher up in trees. These surviving giraffes would pass on their trait for long necks to their offspring. Over many generations, the giraffes with the longest necks survived.