Key Issue 5.2 Fagan



Ethnologue

estimates that

the world has how many

languages? (Must be the

exact number your book gives

to get bonus points)

2

Period Bonus Question (5

 Answer (with a partner) the following questions

in the 500 Questions book. Use your MC

strategies. Just write the letter of the answer. You don’t need to write out the question either.

 #124  #132  #140  #149  #166  #167  #172  #185  #190

Unit 3: Chapter 5: Key Issue 1

 A group of languages that share a common

ancestor before recorded history. (ex: Indo-European)

 English is part of the Indo -European

language family - the largest language family.

 The 2nd largest is Sino-Tibetan.

Language Family Tree

 Languages related through a common

ancestral language that existed 1000s of years ago.

 Share a common origin but have evolved into

indiv. languages. (ex: Romance, Germanic)

 These 4 are spoken by the most people (BIG MUST KNOW):

1.

Indo-Iranian -

(largest branch of

Indo-European family)

2.

Romance

3.

Germanic -

4.

Balto-Slavic

 These four are spoken by fewer people:

5.

Albanian

Armenian

Greek

8.

Celtic

 Indo-Iranian – S. Asia –

 Romance Languages - Europe and L. America

 Germanic language – NW Europe, and N. America  _{Balto-Slavic- E. Europe}

Branches of the Indo-European Family

 Language group - a collection of languages

within a branch, that share a common origin in the relatively recent past, and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary



IMPORTANT: The main difference

between languages in the same family,

branch, or group is how recently in

time the languages were once the

same

 Languages spoken in India, Bangladesh,

and Pakistan

 Main Languages – Hindi and Urdu

 Hindi

 1/3rd of Indians speak it,

 _{written using a script known as Devanagari}

 Urdu

 _{Spoke in Pakistan}

 written using Arabic alphabet

 Hindi and Urdu sound alike despite being

written differently.

Devanagari Script



bama.ua.edu

 Spoken in Iran, and other Southwestern

Asian countries

 Persian (or Farsi) in Iran  Pashto in Afghanistan

 Kurdish- Kurds of western Iran and parts of Turkey

 Written in Arabic alphabet

Persian or Farsi

 Slavic- once a single language,

 Now divided into E Slavic, W Slavic, S Slavic,

and Baltic groups

 East Slavic languages are the most

wide-spread, primarily Russian –

 spoken by 80% of Russian people  Spread during Soviet Union

 Remains language of communication through Eastern Europe

 The Romance language branch evolved from

Latin spoken by the ROMANS 2,000 years ago.

 Four most widely spoken:

 Spanish

 Portuguese  French

 Italian

 But Romanian is also a Romance language.

 http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPh03KsGrAA 5min on Latin

Romance Branch

 As Romans conquered more land, they spread

their Latin language - ROMAN ROADS

 Overtime, people learned the “vulgar Latin”

spoken by Roman soldiers, not the literary Latin.

 Romance languages developed from this.

 Colonization

 Portuguese and Spanish diffused to South

America because of the explorers during the 15th and 16th centuries.

 _{Spanish is the official language of 18 Latin} American countries.

 Portuguese is the primary language in Brazil.

 Imperialism in Africa

French – Blue, Spanish – Green, Portuguese -

Orange

 Romance languages - in former colonies can

sometimes be seen as separate languages b/c they have changed from the original over

time – This is because of migration and isolation!

 For example: Papiamento (creolized Spanish) is the official language in the Netherlands



Creole/creolized language- a

language that results from the

mixing of the colonizer’s language

with the indigenous language of

the people being dominated

Hello Bonjou

How are you? Koman sa va?

How do you feel? Vou san vou- mem byen?

What’s wrong? Sa ena?

What’s happening? What’s up? Sa k a prife?

How’s it going? Sa tchob byen

I’m okay. Mo bon

Good-bye. Adyeu

Indo-European Diffusion



Nomadic warrior theory

 Promoted by Marija Gimbutas.

 AKA Kurgan theory

 Began near border between Russia and

Kazakhstan

 First speakers – Kurgan people

 Horse and cattle herders, warriors that

Nomadic Warrior Theory



Sedentary farmer theory



Argued by Archeologist Colin Renfrew

AKA – Anatolian Hearth theory.



Proto-Indo-European language began in

Anatolia (Turkey) as early as 6000 BC



Diffused through agriculture



Language survived because speakers

Sedentary Farmer Theory

 Reading Quiz on 5.3 – Have your own paper

out and ready for the quiz. We’ll start as soon as the bell rings

 Summarizing: Drawing/filling in the parts of

the language “trees” that you must know

 Draw the following two language family trees w/

number of native speakers(outline the tree in brown/whatever color you think trees are): Indo European and Sino-Tibetan (show the possible

prehistoric superfamilies underneath as well)

 Include the following branches (w/ # of speakers

for the minor branches):

 _{Indo-European: Indo-Iranian (includes Indo-Aryan),}

Romance, Germanic (with West and North Germanic), Balto-Slavic (with E/W/S Slavic), Greek, Albanian,

Armenian, ADD Celtic (less than 1 million)

 Sino-Tibetan: Sinitic, Tibeto-Burman

 Include the following languages with the number

of English speakers (in millions) (the leaves- outline in green/whatever):

 _{Indo-European: English, Spanish, French, Portuguese,}

German, Russian, Dutch, Polish, Hindi, Bengali, Urdu, Ukrainian

 _{Sino Tibetan: Mandarin, Wu, Burmese}

 Complete Summarizing activity for 5.2: draw

language trees

 Work on 5.2 and 5.3 Reading Guides

 5.2 Reading Guide due tomorrow, 5.2 Quiz

tomorrow, Language family trees due tomorrow

 Quiz Hints: Know which language branch each

“leaf” belongs to (just the ones we did today)

 Know the basics of the two language diffusion

theories

 Know the following terms well: Language Family,

Language Branch, Language Group, and Vulgar Latin