Optical Amplifiers. Ericsson

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Optical Amplifiers

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ŒœŔŕŖŗŘřŚśŞşŠšŢţŤťŪūŮůŰűŲųŴŵŶŷŸŹźŻżŽžƒȘș

ˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™−≤≥fifl

ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹ ĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲ ŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș

ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊ ΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧ ШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁ ẂẃẄẅỲỳ№

Introduction

›

In any link, optical power pumped and the receiver

sensitivity is limited and can only support for a

limited distance

›

To over come the losses in the network, either

electrical or optical amplification is required

›

Optical amplification is more cost effective over

electrical one

›

An optical amplifier is a device which amplifies the

optical signal directly without ever changing it to

electricity

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Types of Optical Amplifiers

Two Types of optical amplifiers available

• Solid state Optical Amplifiers

Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

• Fiber Amplifiers

Erbium Doped Fiber

Amplifiers

( EDFAs )

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Amplifiers in Transmission

Three type of fiber amplifier used in transmission

• In-line Amplifier

• Pre Amplifier:

›

Pre Amp is used for amplifying the incoming signal to a sufficient level for the

detectors to sense the signal

• Post Amplifier

›

Post Amp is used to amplify the output of a Multiplexer to a sufficient level to

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Fiber Doped Amplifiers

›

An Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier consists of a short length of optical

fibre doped by small controlled amount of the rare earth element

erbium

›

This rare earth element contributes in the amplification process in

presence of pump signal

›

Pump laser excites erbium ions which give extra energy to signal

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(32 pt makes 2 rows

Text and bullet level 1

minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt

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Raman amplification

Raman Scattering affects signal propagation but it may

be used for light AMPLIFICATION

!

RAMAN

TRANSFER

SIGNAL

POWER

RAMAN

POWER

AMPLIFIED

SIGNAL

RX

RAMAN

PUMP

TX

1450 nm

1550 nm

›

the fibre itself is used as

gain medium

›

an effective gain of more

t h a n 1 0 d B c a n b e

achieved increasing span

length (> 40 km)

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Raman Fiber Amplifier

›

Basic principle of Raman fiber amplifier is Stimulated Raman

Scattering (SRS)

›

When stronger optical pump interacts with the medium generates new

signal (a Stokes wave) in same direction

›

New generated frequency is lesser then the pump frequency by13.2

THz

›

In normal fiber this effect is very small and it takes a relatively long

length to have significant amplification

›

From this phenomenon signal of lower frequency then pump gets

amplified and the optimal amplification occurs when the difference in

wavelengths is around 13.2 THz

›

Any signal lower then pump can be amplified but the efficiency will not

be the same for all

›

Efficiency can be improved by adding an FBG (Fibre Bragg Grating)

reflector for the pump wavelength

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Slide title

minimum 32 pt

(32 pt makes 2 rows

Text and bullet level 1

minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt

ˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™−≤≥fifl

ĀĀĂĂĄĄĆĆĊĊČČĎĎĐĐĒĒĖĖĘĘĚĚĞĞĠĠĢĢĪĪĮĮİĶĶĹĹ ĻĻĽĽŃŃŅŅŇŇŌŌŐŐŔŔŖŖŘŘŚŚŞŞŢŢŤŤŪŪŮŮŰŰŲŲ ŴŴŶŶŹŹŻŻȘș ΆΈΉΊΌΎΏΐΑΒΓΕΖΗΘΙΚΛΜΝΞΟΠΡΣΤΥΦΧΨΪΫΆΈΉΊ ΰαβγδεζηθικλνξορςΣΤΥΦΧΨΩΪΫΌΎΏ ЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХ ЦЧШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯАБВГДЕЖЗИЙКЛМНОПРСТУФХЦЧ ШЩЪЫЬЭЮЯЁЂЃЄЅІЇЈЉЊЋЌЎЏѢѢѲѲѴѴҐҐәǽẀẁ ẂẃẄẅỲỳ№

Do not add objects or

STM-16/64 Budgets

Managed Amplifiers

ULJE16.2

[

nom. 240 km]

Dispersion tolerance 5000ps/nm

(SK68D, SK25PC

& DCF

[3]

₎

_{Dual Pump Booster}

& Pre-Amp

DCF

[3]

-6 dBm (min)

0 dBm (max)

-4 dBm (min)

-2 dBm (typ)

0 dBm (max)

+15.0 dBm (min)

+18.0 dBm (max)

Stability +/- 0.9 dBm

STM-16

Amplifiable

Card

STM-16

Amplifiable

Card

-19 dBm (min)

-9 dBm (max)

-36.75 dBm (min)

[2]

-10 dBm (max)

-7.9 dBm (min)

[2]

-1.4 dBm (max )

[3]

Tx

_{51.85 dB max atten}

[1]

_Rx

STM-16 Budgets

STM-64 Budgets

ULJE64.2 (G709 FEC enabled)

[nom. 200 km]

Dispersion tolerance 3600ps/nm

[2]

(SK69CB, SK25PC & DCF

[2]

₎

Dual Pump Booster

& Pre-Amp

DCF

[2]

STM-64

Amplifiable

Card

-22.4 dBm (min)

+2.5 dBm (max)

-36.75 dBm (min)

-10 dBm (max)

-7.9 dBm (min)

[4]

+0.1 dBm (max)

Rx

-6 dBm (min)

0 dBm (max)

-15 dBm (min)

+2.5 dBm (max)

+18.0 dBm (max)

+15.0 dBm (min)

Stability +/- 0.9 dBm

STM-64

Amplifiable

Card

Tx

DCF

[2]

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Slide title

minimum 32 pt

(32 pt makes 2 rows

Text and bullet level 1

minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt

ˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™−≤≥fifl

DWDM System architecture

Flexible node configurations for all applications

Dynamic optical by pass

• Fixed OADM : 2, 4, 8 chs

• Reconfigurable OADM

High amplifiers modularity

•MH EDFA: up to 34dB gain

•Modular Raman (co and contra) option

Plug & Play

• Intelligent EDFA power control

• Network dynamic control

Line

Amplifier

OADM

Terminal

Line

Amplifier

Up to 3000 Km

Terminal

40 G

2.5G NRZ

OLU

10G NRZ

10G RZ

4x2.5G Mux

2xGbE Mux

8xGbE Mux

40G

OLU

10G NRZ

8xGbE Mux

2xGbE TMux

2.5G NRZ

4x2.5G Mux

10G RZ

Amplifiers

Group Mux Unit

•

2 /

8/40 chs modularity

• 40 or 80 channels

ASON

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Line Amplifier

Optical Amplification only

LINE IN

LINE OUT

West

East

Dual OSU

OSC TX

OSC RX

OSC TX

LINE IN

LINE OUT

DSA

DCM

West

East

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Slide title

minimum 32 pt

(32 pt makes 2 rows

Text and bullet level 1

minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt

ˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™−≤≥fifl

SSA

Line Terminal – long span

80-channel filters, Raman

LINE OUT

GMT 40

40Ch

100GHz

Mux

40Ch

100GHz

Demux

East or West

D-OSU

OSC RX

OSC TX

40Ch

100GHz

Mux

40Ch

100GHz

Demux

_RPU-C

SSA

PMU

Monitor

GMT

40 LINE IN

GIU

2.5G/GBe NRZ

Transponder

10G NRZ

Transponder

10G RZ

Transponder

Tribs

STM64/OC192

ODU2

Tribs

ODU1 / STM16/ OC48/

Gbe/.../multi rate

Tribs

STM64/OC192

ODU2

Tribs

40G

Transponder

STM256/OC768

ODU3

Tribs

ODU1 / STM16/OC48

Gbe/FC/270 video

10G Mux

8 x Optical

Levelling Unit

Compatible Coloured

Clients

2.5G Modular

Trans/Muxponder

ODU1 / STM16/

OC48/Gbe/

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minimum 32 pt

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Text and bullet level 1

minimum 24 pt

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minimum 20 pt

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Amplification

›

Single and Dual stage EDFA (Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifiers)

– Used in all NE types

– Two gain ranges

›

Variable gain

– Span loss variation

– Span loss changes

›

Flat gain Spectrum

– Optimised transmission

›

Low Noise Factor

– Buried VOA

›

Transient control

– 9 dB changes without errors

(14)

minimum 32 pt

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Text and bullet level 1

minimum 24 pt

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ˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™−≤≥fifl

Multi-Haul (MH) amplifiers features

›

High-power and low-power MH amplifiers can be mixed

›

Low power (cheaper) is good for shorter distances and 40 channels

›

Low power also supports constant gain mode

›

High power amplifiers are good for longer distances and/or 80 channels

›

The MH amplifiers can not be mixed with any of the older types of

amplifiers (LH, ELH) or with the Metro amplifier

›

Amplifiers work in

constant power

mode (in core networks)

Note:

You can also mix transponder types to provide the optimum solution, for

example RZ between end to end Terminals and NRZ between Terminal

and mid span OADM.

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Slide title

minimum 32 pt

(32 pt makes 2 rows

Text and bullet level 1

minimum 24 pt

Bullets level 2-5

minimum 20 pt

ˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™−≤≥fifl

Do not add objects or

Amplifiers choices

Core

Metro & Core

Amplifiers set

MH High Power

MH Low Power

Output Power

20.5 dBm

18 dBm

Gain ranges

SSA22/20, DSA22/20 : 17-27 dB

SSA29/20, DSA29/20 : 24-34 dB

(Extended range 24 -41dB)

SSA22/18, DSA22/18 : 17-27 dB

Max. distance

(any topology)

3000 km

1000 km

Configurations

SSA (PA/BA), DSA horizontal (DCM),

DSA vertical (PA/BA)

SSA (PA/BA), DSA horizontal (DCM),

DSA vertical (PA/BA)



Different options allow to adapt to specific network requirements

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Slide title

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Text and bullet level 1

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ˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™−≤≥fifl

35 dB

SPAN LOSS

RPU

Co - Gain Contra - Gain

Coup ler

Raman

Noise N

Signal

Without Raman

Coup ler

Total raman gain

DSA - TX DSA - RX

72 dB span loss

Sardinia

15 dB

20 dB

Raman amplification

TO NO PV MI BGBS BZ VE PD TS GE BO

PI FI AN PE RM CZ MZ CT VR PR BA NA NolaSA PA CA Ol CV NU OR SS

377 km / 68 dB

249 km / 53 dB



Raman amplifiers pump extra light into the fibre such that

this power is transferred to the signal



Normally contra-directional, can be fitted co-directional in

addition for very long single spans using the same card

(new card with 3 pumps LU21KB). Older card (LU21KA)

available for places where less power needed



Multi-span Raman system also possible



ALS mechanism driven by OSC unit

Sicily

Single Span with Raman - Examples



49dB - 80 channels @ 10G



60dB - 20 channels @ 10G



70dB - 8 channels @ 10G

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minimum 32 pt

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Text and bullet level 1

minimum 24 pt

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minimum 20 pt

ˆˇ˘˙˚˛˜˝ẀẁẃẄẅỲỳ–—‘’‚“”„†‡•…‰‹›⁄€™−≤≥fifl