Accounting for Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy in State Implementation Plans: Progress

p. 1

Energy Systems Laboratory © 2005

Accounting for Energy Efficiency &

Renewable Energy in State

Implementation Plans:

Progress 2001 - 2005

Jeff Haberl, Charles Culp, Bahman Yazdani,

Don Gilman, Tom Fitzpatrick, Shirley Muns

Energy Systems Laboratory, Texas Engineering Experiment Station

•

Faculty/Staff:

Dan Turner, Malcolm Verdict, Larry

Degelman, Betty Liu, Juan-Carlos Baltazar-Cervantes,

Mushtaq Ahmed, Sherry Hughes, Holly Wiley, Rebecca

Brister

•

Students:

Piljae Im, Seongchan Kim, Jaya Mukhopadhyay,

Chayapa Choncharoensuk, Soolyeon Cho, Mini Malhotra,

Suwon Song, Yiwen Zhu, Sopa Visitsak, Swapnil Sinvhal,

Matt Sanders, Shane Crawford, Xiaowei Tan, Bill Robbins,

Andrew Niemann, Saurabh Jain, Chris Anderson, Hyemee

Choi, Heeyeon Jo, Stanton Ware, Stephen O’Neal, Ryan

Melissari.

•

TCEQ:

Steve Anderson, Alfred Reyes.

p. 3

Energy Systems Laboratory © 2005

Houston-Galveston-Brazoria Region

Peak Ozone Pollution Days

•

Ch. 386. Texas Emissions Reduction Plan

–

Sec. 386.205. Evaluation Of State Energy Efficiency Programs (with PUC)

•

Ch. 388. Texas Building Energy Performance Standards

–

Sec. 388.003. Adoption Of Building Energy Efficiency Performance Standards.

–

Sec. 388.004. Enforcement Of Energy Standards Outside Of Municipality.

–

Sec. 388.007. Distribution Of Information And Technical Assistance.

–

Sec. 388.008. Development Of Home Energy Ratings.

Senate Bill 5 (77

th

Legislature, 2001)

TERP Amended (78th Legislature, 2003)

•

Ch. 388. Texas Building Energy Performance Standards

–

(HB 1365) Sec. 388.004. Enforcement Of Energy Standards Outside Of Municipality.

–

(HB 1365) Sec. 388.009. Energy-Efficient Building Program.

–

(HB 3235) Sec. 388.009. Certification of Municipal Inspectors.

TERP Amended (79th Legislature, 2005)

•

Ch. 382 & 386. Health and Safety Code

–

(HB 2129) Sec. 386.056 Development of Creditable Statewide emissions from wind and

other renewables.

p. 5

Energy Systems Laboratory © 2005

Texas Residential Building Envelope Requirements

2

3

9

8

4

7

5

6

1NR means “No Requirement” specified in IECC Chapter 5 for SHGC in Zone 8 and 9.

2The map in IRC Figure R301.2(6) or IECC Figure 502.2(7) indicates that parts of Texas qualify as areas of "very heavy" termite infestation probability. Under an exception in the IRC, the slab perimeter insulation requirement in this path may be avoided. To make use of this exception and still comply with the Code, a builder must use IECC Section 502.2.1.4, IECC Section 502.2.4, or IECC Chapter 4, instead of this path.

1. The Table of Building Envelope Requirements is based upon the 2000 International Residential Code (IRC), published by the International Code Council, as amended by the 2001 Supplement. 2. The IRC prescriptive requirements are applicable to single family

homes with glazing areas of 15% and below. For homes designed with glazing areas greater than 15%, the IRC incorporates the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) by reference, which contains additional prescriptive and performance-related compliance alternatives. The glazing areas for each path are maximum levels. For example, a glazing area of 22% must use Path 3, which is the path level for 25% glazing area. 3. Source of requirements: 2000 IRC, Ch. 11 (up to 15% only) and 2000

IECC, Ch. 5, Prescriptive Packages for Climate Zones 2-9, and the 2001 Supplement to IECC. IECC Chapter 4 must be used for glazing areas greater than 25%. 4. U-factor, and SHGC are maximum acceptable values. 5. Insulation R-values are minimum acceptable levels. 6. Applies to single-family, wood-frame residential construction, only. For

mass wall construction, see IRC Section N1102.1.1.1; for steel-framed walls, see IRC Section N1102.1.1.2. 7. ”Glazing" refers to any translucent or transparent material in exterior

openings of buildings, including windows, skylights, sliding glass doors, the glass areas of opaque doors, and glass block. 8. Fenestration product (window, door, glazing) U-factor and SHGC must

be determined from a National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) label on the product, or obtained from default tables (IECC Table 102.5.2(3) in Chapter 1). 9. Glazing area % is the ratio of the area of the rough opening of windows

to the gross wall area, expressed as a percentage. Up to one percent of the total window area may be exempt from the U-factor requirement.

10. Opaque doors are not considered glazing (or "windows") and must have a U-factor less than 0.35. One exempt door allowed. 11. Infiltration requirements: Windows ≤0.30 cfm per sq.ft. of window

area; sliding doors ≤0.30 cfm per sq.ft. of door area (swinging doors below 0.50 cfm); determined in accordance with AAMA/WDMA 101/I.S.2 (must be tested in accordance with ASTM E 283). 12. R-2 shall be added to the requirements for slab insulation where

uninsulated hot water pipes, air distribution ducts or electric heating cables are installed in or under the slab. 13. Floors over outside air must meet ceiling insulation requirements

(Table 502.2 in the IECC). 14. R-values for walls represent the sum of cavity insulation plus insulated

sheathing, if any. 15. Prescriptive packages are based upon meeting or exceeding

minimum equipment efficiencies for HVAC and water heating (IECC Tables 503.2 and 504.2). Notes: 15 .90 .40 R-19R-11 20 .75 .40 R-30R-13 25 .65 .40 R-30R-13 15 .45 1NR R-38R-13 20 .37 1NR R-38R-13 25 .37 1NR R-38R-19 1 2 3 R-19 R-8 R-5, 2ft R-11 R-19 R-9 R-6, 2ft R-13 R-19 R-9 R-6, 2ft R-13 1 2 3 15 .50 1NR R-30R-13 20 .42 1NR R-38R-13 25 .41 1NR R-38R-19 R-19 R-8 R-5, 2ft R-10 R-19 R-8 R-6, 2ft R-10 R-19 R-8 R-6, 2ft R-10 1 2 3 15 .55 .40 R-30R-13 20 .46 .40 R-38R-13 25 .45 .40 R-38R-19 R-19 R-7 2R-4, 2ft R-8 R-19 R-7 R-0 R-8 R-19 R-7 R-0 R-8 1 2 3 15 .60 .40 R-30R-13 20 .50 .40 R-38R-13 25 .46 .40 R-38R-16 R-19 R-6 2R-4, 2ft R-7 R-19 R-6 R-0 R-7 R-19 R-6 R-0 R-7 1 2 3 15 .65 .40 R-30R-13 20 .52 .40 R-38R-13 25 .50 .40 R-38R-13 R-11 R-5 R-0 R-6 R-11 R-5 R-0 R-6 R-19 R-8 R-0 R-10 1 2 3 15 .75 .40 R-26R-13 20 .60 .40 R-30R-13 25 .52 .40 R-30R-13 R-11 R-5 R-0 R-5 R-11 R-5 R-0 R-5 R-13 R-6 R-0 R-6 1 2 3 15 .75 .40 R-19R-11 20 .70 .40 R-30R-13 25 .55 .40 R-30R-13 R-11 R-0 R-0 R-5 R-11 R-0 R-0 R-5 R-11 R-0 R-0 R-5 1 2 3 R-11 R-0 R-0 R-4 R-11 R-0 R-0 R-4 R-11 R-0 R-0 R-4 Wall Ceiling Area% U-Factor SHGC Glazing Path Crawl Basement Slab Space FloorWall Perimeter Wall Glazing and Insulation Foundation Type Table of Building Envelope Requirements

©2001, 2002 Texas Engineering Experiment Station, Energy Systems Laboratory, All Rights Reserved

Climate Zone

Energy Systems Laboratory

http://eslsb5.tamu.edu Toll Free: 1-877-AnM-CODE (1-877-266-2633) Texas Engineering Experiment Station The Texas A&M University System Simplified Prescriptive Paths for Envelope Compliance with the International Residential Code (IRC 2000)

Texas Residential Building Envelope Requirements

2

3

9

8

4

7

5

6

1NR means “No Requirement” specified in IECC Chapter 5 for SHGC in Zone 8 and 9.

2The map in IRC Figure R301.2(6) or IECC Figure 502.2(7) indicates that parts of Texas qualify as areas of "very heavy" termite infestation probability. Under an exception in the IRC, the slab perimeter insulation requirement in this path may be avoided. To make use of this exception and still comply with the Code, a builder must use IECC Section 502.2.1.4, IECC Section 502.2.4, or IECC Chapter 4, instead of this path.

1. The Table of Building Envelope Requirements is based upon the 2000 International Residential Code (IRC), published by the International Code Council, as amended by the 2001 Supplement. 2. The IRC prescriptive requirements are applicable to single family

homes with glazing areas of 15% and below. For homes designed with glazing areas greater than 15%, the IRC incorporates the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) by reference, which contains additional prescriptive and performance-related compliance alternatives. The glazing areas for each path are maximum levels. For example, a glazing area of 22% must use Path 3, which is the path level for 25% glazing area. 3. Source of requirements: 2000 IRC, Ch. 11 (up to 15% only) and 2000

IECC, Ch. 5, Prescriptive Packages for Climate Zones 2-9, and the 2001 Supplement to IECC. IECC Chapter 4 must be used for glazing areas greater than 25%. 4. U-factor, and SHGC are maximum acceptable values. 5. Insulation R-values are minimum acceptable levels. 6. Applies to single-family, wood-frame residential construction, only. For

mass wall construction, see IRC Section N1102.1.1.1; for steel-framed walls, see IRC Section N1102.1.1.2. 7. ”Glazing" refers to any translucent or transparent material in exterior

openings of buildings, including windows, skylights, sliding glass doors, the glass areas of opaque doors, and glass block. 8. Fenestration product (window, door, glazing) U-factor and SHGC must

be determined from a National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) label on the product, or obtained from default tables (IECC Table 102.5.2(3) in Chapter 1). 9. Glazing area % is the ratio of the area of the rough opening of windows

to the gross wall area, expressed as a percentage. Up to one percent of the total window area may be exempt from the U-factor requirement.

10. Opaque doors are not considered glazing (or "windows") and must have a U-factor less than 0.35. One exempt door allowed. 11. Infiltration requirements: Windows ≤0.30 cfm per sq.ft. of window

area; sliding doors ≤0.30 cfm per sq.ft. of door area (swinging doors below 0.50 cfm); determined in accordance with AAMA/WDMA 101/I.S.2 (must be tested in accordance with ASTM E 283). 12. R-2 shall be added to the requirements for slab insulation where

uninsulated hot water pipes, air distribution ducts or electric heating cables are installed in or under the slab. 13. Floors over outside air must meet ceiling insulation requirements

(Table 502.2 in the IECC). 14. R-values for walls represent the sum of cavity insulation plus insulated

sheathing, if any. 15. Prescriptive packages are based upon meeting or exceeding

minimum equipment efficiencies for HVAC and water heating (IECC Tables 503.2 and 504.2). Notes: 15 .90 .40 R-19R-11 20 .75 .40 R-30R-13 25 .65 .40 R-30R-13 15 .45 1NR R-38R-13 20 .37 1NR R-38R-13 25 .37 1NR R-38R-19 1 2 3 R-19 R-8 R-5, 2ft R-11 R-19 R-9 R-6, 2ft R-13 R-19 R-9 R-6, 2ft R-13 1 2 3 15 .50 1NR R-30R-13 20 .42 1NR R-38R-13 25 .41 1NR R-38R-19 R-19 R-8 R-5, 2ft R-10 R-19 R-8 R-6, 2ft R-10 R-19 R-8 R-6, 2ft R-10 1 2 3 15 .55 .40 R-30R-13 20 .46 .40 R-38R-13 25 .45 .40 R-38R-19 R-19 R-7 2R-4, 2ft R-8 R-19 R-7 R-0 R-8 R-19 R-7 R-0 R-8 1 2 3 15 .60 .40 R-30R-13 20 .50 .40 R-38R-13 25 .46 .40 R-38R-16 R-19 R-6 2R-4, 2ft R-7 R-19 R-6 R-0 R-7 R-19 R-6 R-0 R-7 1 2 3 15 .65 .40 R-30R-13 20 .52 .40 R-38R-13 25 .50 .40 R-38R-13 R-11 R-5 R-0 R-6 R-11 R-5 R-0 R-6 R-19 R-8 R-0 R-10 1 2 3 15 .75 .40 R-26R-13 20 .60 .40 R-30R-13 25 .52 .40 R-30R-13 R-11 R-5 R-0 R-5 R-11 R-5 R-0 R-5 R-13 R-6 R-0 R-6 1 2 3 15 .75 .40 R-19R-11 20 .70 .40 R-30R-13 25 .55 .40 R-30R-13 R-11 R-0 R-0 R-5 R-11 R-0 R-0 R-5 R-11 R-0 R-0 R-5 1 2 3 R-11 R-0 R-0 R-4 R-11 R-0 R-0 R-4 R-11 R-0 R-0 R-4 Wall Ceiling Area% U-Factor SHGC Glazing Path Crawl Basement Slab Space FloorWall Perimeter Wall Glazing and Insulation Foundation Type Table of Building Envelope Requirements

©2001, 2002 Texas Engineering Experiment Station, Energy Systems Laboratory, All Rights Reserved

Climate Zone

Energy Systems Laboratory

http://eslsb5.tamu.edu Toll Free: 1-877-AnM-CODE (1-877-266-2633) Texas Engineering Experiment Station The Texas A&M University System Simplified Prescriptive Paths for Envelope Compliance with the International Residential Code (IRC 2000)

•

2001 - 2003

–

Provided IECC/IRC workshops

•

Resolved issues: 90.1-1999, economizers, EnergyStar, SEER 12, R-6

flex-duct

–

Developed accounting methods

•

Code-compliant Test Suite for SF, MF, Commercial.

–

Developed Simplified Builder’s Guide.

–

Published 2002 Report to the TNRCC

•

2.1 tons NOx/peak-day (DOE-2,‘98 eGRID, SF, by avg.

PCA, TMY2)

–

Developed Emissions Calculator (Beta, 12/02)

–

Demonstrated value of peak day vs annual avg. calcs.

–

Recommended weather-normalization methods ( Peak day from

monthly utility bills).

–

Published 2003 Report to the TCEQ

•

2.4 tons NOx/peak-day (DOE-2, ‘98 eGRID, SF & MF, by

PCA, by Co., TMY2)

–

Developed eCALC with funding from EPA

•

SF, MF, Office, Retail, Solar, Street & Traffic Lights,

Water/Waste Water, Solar, PV, Wind

–

Studied NOx reductions from DHW pilot lights (2020)

–

Studied Cumulative NOx reductions: SF + MF

–

Developed AACOG Report

•

Discount factors, degradation, SIP credits

–

Developed web-based input for SECO Political Subdivisions.

–

2004 Emissions Reduction & Energy Leadership Conf., San

Antonio, Texas

–

Published 2003 Report to the TCEQ

•

1.9 tons NOx/peak-day (DOE-2, ‘99 eGRID, SF & MF, by

PCA, by Co., 1999 NWS, fuel-neutral)

Progress 2001 to 2005

Energy Systems Laboratory - Texas A&M University

http://eslsb5.tamu.eduToll Free: 1-877-AnM-CODE (1-877-266-2633)

Anderson Angelina Bandera Bell Blanco Bosque Brewster Brown Burnet Cherokee Coleman Comanche Concho Coryell Crane Crockett Dallas Edwards Ellis Falls Freestone Gillespie Hamilton Hays Henderson Hill Hood Houston Irion Jasper Johnson Kendall Kerr Kimble Lampasas Leon Limestone Llano Mason McCulloch McLennan Menard Mills Nacogdoches Navarro Newton Panola Pecos Polk Presidio Reagan Real Runnels Rusk Sabine San Augustine San Saba Schleicher Shelby Smith Somervell Sutton Tarrant Terrell Tom Green Travis Trinity Tyler Upton Williamson 2,000 - 2,499 HDD

5

International Residential Code (IRC 2000) and International Energy Conservation Code (IECC 2000) as of May 1, 2001

Texas Residential Building Guide to Energy Code Compliance

Using This Guide

This guide contains eight color-coded climate zones (numbers 2 through 9) designed to simplify determination of the envelope requirements of the International Residential Code (IRC 2000, Chapter 11) or the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC 2000) for Texas. Refer to the IRC 2000 or IECC 2000, as amended by the 2001 Supplement, for a complete description of all the requirements and compliance alternatives. Local requirements may also vary. Each county is assigned to one of the eight zones, which vary according to the different climate zones in Texas.

Step-by-Step Instructions

A. Use the color-coded map to locate the county in which the construction or remodeling is taking place and find the climate zone (2 through 9) associated with that county. B. Use the "Table of Building Envelope

Requirements" (on the back of this sheet) to find the set of construction options or "paths" associated with the climate zone selected above. Each path describes an acceptable combination of envelope components based on percent glazed area. C. Review the paths and select the one

most suited to your project. D. Construct or remodel the building

according to the selected path and comply with basic code requirements, which include: • Installing components to Mfr specifications • Documenting load calculations to insure properly

sized HVAC equipment • Meeting minimum equipment efficiency

requirements for HVAC, water heating and other fixtures (Tables 503.2 and 504.2 of IECC) • Providing preventative maintenance manuals • Installing temperature controls • Limiting window and door leakage • Caulking or sealing joints, gaps and penetrations • Installing vapor retarders where required • Sealing and insulating ducts (No duct tape

allowed) • Insulating pipes properly

Limitations

Texas recently enacted a statewide energy code. This guide provides a simplified prescriptive specification for individual envelope components to aid with code compliance. This guide does not provide a guarantee for meeting the IRC. For additional details on the IRC or IECC, refer to the code documents, consult local code officials or contact the International Code Council.

Texas Counties by Climate Zones

Briscoe Cochran Donley Floyd Hale Hall Hockley Lamb Swisher Yoakum 3,500 - 3,999 HDD

8

Archer Baylor Borden Childress Clay Collingsworth Cottle Crosby Dawson Dickens Foard Gaines Garza Hardeman Kent King Knox Lubbock Lynn Motley Scurry Stonewall Terry Wichita Wibarger 3,000 - 3,499 HDD

7

2,500 - 2,999 HDD Andrews Bowie Callahan Camp Cass Coke Collin Cooke Culberson Delta Denton Eastland Ector El Paso Erath Fannin Fisher Franklin Glasscock Grayson Gregg Harrison Haskell Hopkins Howard Hudspeth Hunt Jack Jeff Davis Jones Kaufman Lamar Loving Marion Martin Midland Mitchell Montague Morris Nolan Palo Pinto Parker Rains Red River Reeves Rockwall Shackelford Stephens Sterling Taylor Throckmorton Titus Upshur Van Zandt Ward Winkler Wise Wood Young

6

1,500 - 1,999 HDD Austin Bastrop Bexar Brazos Burleson Caldwell Chambers Colorado Comal Fayette Fort Bend Gonzales Grimes Guadalupe Hardin Harris Jefferson Kinney Lavaca Lee Liberty Madison Medina Milam Montgomery Orange Robertson San Jacinto Uvalde Val Verde Walker Waller Washington Wilson

4

Armstrong Bailey Carson Castro Dallam Deaf Smith Gray Hansford Hartley Hemphill Hutchinson Lipscomb Moore Ochiltree Oldham Parmer Potter Randall Roberts Sherman Wheeler 4,000 - 4,499 HDD

9

Use the color-coded map of Texas to locate a county. The reverse side of this form shows three prescriptive paths for the selected Climate Zone.

HDD = Heating Degree Days (base 65°F)

Texas Edition 2001, Revision 1.04

BrooksJim Hogg Starr CameronKenedy Willacy Hidalgo Kleberg Zapata

500 - 999 HDD

2

Aransas Atascosa Bee Brazoria Calhoun DeWitt Dimmit Duval Frio Galveston Goliad Jackson Jim Wells Karnes La Salle Live Oak Matagorda Maverick McMullen Nueces Refugio San Patricio Victoria Webb Wharton Zavala 1,000 - 1,499 HDD

3

Energy Systems Laboratory - Texas A&M University

http://eslsb5.tamu.eduToll Free: 1-877-AnM-CODE (1-877-266-2633)

Anderson Angelina Bandera Bell Blanco Bosque Brewster Brown Burnet Cherokee Coleman Comanche Concho Coryell Crane Crockett Dallas Edwards Ellis Falls Freestone Gillespie Hamilton Hays Henderson Hill Hood Houston Irion Jasper Johnson Kendall Kerr Kimble Lampasas Leon Limestone Llano Mason McCulloch McLennan Menard Mills Nacogdoches Navarro Newton Panola Pecos Polk Presidio Reagan Real Runnels Rusk Sabine San Augustine San Saba Schleicher Shelby Smith Somervell Sutton Tarrant Terrell Tom Green Travis Trinity Tyler Upton Williamson 2,000 - 2,499 HDD

5

Anderson Angelina Bandera Bell Blanco Bosque Brewster Brown Burnet Cherokee Coleman Comanche Concho Coryell Crane Crockett Dallas Edwards Ellis Falls Freestone Gillespie Hamilton Hays Henderson Hill Hood Houston Irion Jasper Johnson Kendall Kerr Kimble Lampasas Leon Limestone Llano Mason McCulloch McLennan Menard Mills Nacogdoches Navarro Newton Panola Pecos Polk Presidio Reagan Real Runnels Rusk Sabine San Augustine San Saba Schleicher Shelby Smith Somervell Sutton Tarrant Terrell Tom Green Travis Trinity Tyler Upton Williamson 2,000 - 2,499 HDD

5

International Residential Code (IRC 2000) and International Energy Conservation Code (IECC 2000) as of May 1, 2001

Texas Residential Building Guide to Energy Code Compliance

Using This Guide

This guide contains eight color-coded climate zones (numbers 2 through 9) designed to simplify determination of the envelope requirements of the International Residential Code (IRC 2000, Chapter 11) or the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC 2000) for Texas. Refer to the IRC 2000 or IECC 2000, as amended by the 2001 Supplement, for a complete description of all the requirements and compliance alternatives. Local requirements may also vary. Each county is assigned to one of the eight zones, which vary according to the different climate zones in Texas.

Step-by-Step Instructions

A. Use the color-coded map to locate the county in which the construction or remodeling is taking place and find the climate zone (2 through 9) associated with that county. B. Use the "Table of Building Envelope

Requirements" (on the back of this sheet) to find the set of construction options or "paths" associated with the climate zone selected above. Each path describes an acceptable combination of envelope components based on percent glazed area. C. Review the paths and select the one

most suited to your project. D. Construct or remodel the building

according to the selected path and comply with basic code requirements, which include: • Installing components to Mfr specifications • Documenting load calculations to insure properly

sized HVAC equipment • Meeting minimum equipment efficiency

requirements for HVAC, water heating and other fixtures (Tables 503.2 and 504.2 of IECC) • Providing preventative maintenance manuals • Installing temperature controls • Limiting window and door leakage • Caulking or sealing joints, gaps and penetrations • Installing vapor retarders where required • Sealing and insulating ducts (No duct tape

allowed) • Insulating pipes properly

Limitations

Texas recently enacted a statewide energy code. This guide provides a simplified prescriptive specification for individual envelope components to aid with code compliance. This guide does not provide a guarantee for meeting the IRC. For additional details on the IRC or IECC, refer to the code documents, consult local code officials or contact the International Code Council.

Texas Counties by Climate Zones

Briscoe Cochran Donley Floyd Hale Hall Hockley Lamb Swisher Yoakum 3,500 - 3,999 HDD

8

Briscoe Cochran Donley Floyd Hale Hall Hockley Lamb Swisher Yoakum 3,500 - 3,999 HDD Briscoe Cochran Donley Floyd Hale Hall Hockley Lamb Swisher Yoakum Briscoe Cochran Donley Floyd Hale Hall Hockley Lamb Swisher Yoakum 3,500 - 3,999 HDD

8

Archer Baylor Borden Childress Clay Collingsworth Cottle Crosby Dawson Dickens Foard Gaines Garza Hardeman Kent King Knox Lubbock Lynn Motley Scurry Stonewall Terry Wichita Wibarger 3,000 - 3,499 HDD

7

Archer Baylor Borden Childress Clay Collingsworth Cottle Crosby Dawson Dickens Foard Gaines Garza Hardeman Kent King Knox Lubbock Lynn Motley Scurry Stonewall Terry Wichita Wibarger 3,000 - 3,499 HDD

7

2,500 - 2,999 HDD Andrews Bowie Callahan Camp Cass Coke Collin Cooke Culberson Delta Denton Eastland Ector El Paso Erath Fannin Fisher Franklin Glasscock Grayson Gregg Harrison Haskell Hopkins Howard Hudspeth Hunt Jack Jeff Davis Jones Kaufman Lamar Loving Marion Martin Midland Mitchell Montague Morris Nolan Palo Pinto Parker Rains Red River Reeves Rockwall Shackelford Stephens Sterling Taylor Throckmorton Titus Upshur Van Zandt Ward Winkler Wise Wood Young

6

2,500 - 2,999 HDD Andrews Bowie Callahan Camp Cass Coke Collin Cooke Culberson Delta Denton Eastland Ector El Paso Erath Fannin Fisher Franklin Glasscock Grayson Gregg Harrison Haskell Hopkins Howard Hudspeth Hunt Jack Jeff Davis Jones Kaufman Lamar Loving Marion Martin Midland Mitchell Montague Morris Nolan Palo Pinto Parker Rains Red River Reeves Rockwall Shackelford Stephens Sterling Taylor Throckmorton Titus Upshur Van Zandt Ward Winkler Wise Wood Young 2,500 - 2,999 HDD Andrews Bowie Callahan Camp Cass Coke Collin Cooke Culberson Delta Denton Eastland Ector El Paso Erath Fannin Fisher Franklin Glasscock Grayson Gregg Harrison Haskell Hopkins Howard Hudspeth Hunt Jack Jeff Davis Jones Kaufman Lamar Loving Marion Martin Midland Mitchell Montague Morris Nolan Palo Pinto Parker Rains Red River Reeves Rockwall Shackelford Stephens Sterling Taylor Throckmorton Titus Upshur Van Zandt Ward Winkler Wise Wood Young Andrews Bowie Callahan Camp Cass Coke Collin Cooke Culberson Delta Denton Eastland Ector El Paso Erath Fannin Fisher Franklin Glasscock Grayson Gregg Harrison Haskell Hopkins Howard Hudspeth Hunt Jack Jeff Davis Jones Kaufman Lamar Loving Marion Martin Midland Mitchell Montague Morris Nolan Palo Pinto Parker Rains Red River Reeves Rockwall Shackelford Stephens Sterling Taylor Throckmorton Titus Upshur Van Zandt Ward Winkler Wise Wood Young

6

1,500 - 1,999 HDD Austin Bastrop Bexar Brazos Burleson Caldwell Chambers Colorado Comal Fayette Fort Bend Gonzales Grimes Guadalupe Hardin Harris Jefferson Kinney Lavaca Lee Liberty Madison Medina Milam Montgomery Orange Robertson San Jacinto Uvalde Val Verde Walker Waller Washington Wilson

4

1,500 - 1,999 HDD Austin Bastrop Bexar Brazos Burleson Caldwell Chambers Colorado Comal Fayette Fort Bend Gonzales Grimes Guadalupe Hardin Harris Jefferson Kinney Lavaca Lee Liberty Madison Medina Milam Montgomery Orange Robertson San Jacinto Uvalde Val Verde Walker Waller Washington Wilson

4

Armstrong Bailey Carson Castro Dallam Deaf Smith Gray Hansford Hartley Hemphill Hutchinson Lipscomb Moore Ochiltree Oldham Parmer Potter Randall Roberts Sherman Wheeler 4,000 - 4,499 HDD

9

Armstrong Bailey Carson Castro Dallam Deaf Smith Gray Hansford Hartley Hemphill Hutchinson Lipscomb Moore Ochiltree Oldham Parmer Potter Randall Roberts Sherman Wheeler 4,000 - 4,499 HDD Armstrong Bailey Carson Castro Dallam Deaf Smith Gray Hansford Hartley Hemphill Hutchinson Lipscomb Moore Ochiltree Oldham Parmer Potter Randall Roberts Sherman Wheeler Armstrong Bailey Carson Castro Dallam Deaf Smith Gray Hansford Hartley Hemphill Hutchinson Lipscomb Moore Ochiltree Oldham Parmer Potter Randall Roberts Sherman Wheeler 4,000 - 4,499 HDD

9

Use the color-coded map of Texas to locate a county. The reverse side of this form shows three prescriptive paths for the selected Climate Zone.

HDD = Heating Degree Days (base 65°F)

Texas Edition 2001, Revision 1.04

BrooksJim Hogg Starr CameronKenedy Willacy Hidalgo Kleberg Zapata

500 - 999 HDD

2

BrooksJim Hogg Starr CameronKenedy Willacy Hidalgo Kleberg Zapata

500 - 999 HDD

BrooksJim Hogg Starr CameronKenedy Willacy Hidalgo Kleberg Zapata

500 - 999 HDD

2

Aransas Atascosa Bee Brazoria Calhoun DeWitt Dimmit Duval Frio Galveston Goliad Jackson Jim Wells Karnes La Salle Live Oak Matagorda Maverick McMullen Nueces Refugio San Patricio Victoria Webb Wharton Zavala 1,000 - 1,499 HDD

3

Aransas Atascosa Bee Brazoria Calhoun DeWitt Dimmit Duval Frio Galveston Goliad Jackson Jim Wells Karnes La Salle Live Oak Matagorda Maverick McMullen Nueces Refugio San Patricio Victoria Webb Wharton Zavala Aransas Atascosa Bee Brazoria Calhoun DeWitt Dimmit Duval Frio Galveston Goliad Jackson Jim Wells Karnes La Salle Live Oak Matagorda Maverick McMullen Nueces Refugio San Patricio Victoria Webb Wharton Zavala 1,000 - 1,499 HDD

3

0.0000

0.0500

0.1000

0.1500

0.2000

0.2500

0.3000

0.3500

0.4000

0.0000

0.0500

0.1000

0.1500

0.2000

0.2500

0.3000

0.3500

0.4000

Tons-NOx/day (average)

T

o

n

s-N

O

X

/d

a

y (

p

eak

)

Apx 2x difference

1:1

2:1

EGRID Calculated

Laboratory Calculated

2007 - Peak-day: 3.83 Tons

2012 - Peak-day: 6.58 Tons

•

2004/2005

–

Develop preliminary emissions reductions calculations

from green power (wind) purchases. Demonstrated

weather normalization, forecasting, emissions

reductions (hourly,daily,monthly). Calculated 1999 NOx

reductions from 2002 electrical production data.

–

Provided Technical Support to PUC to report

emissions reductions from SB5 and SB7 programs

(4.17 tons NOx/day – 2010).

–

Helped TCEQ Develop an Integrated Emissions

Reporting (2010): ESL, PUC, SECO, Wind power.

–

Developed joint survey with TREIA for solar

installations.

–

Developed revised analysis of NOx reductions from

DHW (2.5 tons NOx/day, 2010, new+replacement)

–

Developed analysis of NOx reductions from

replacement furnaces (0.4 tons-NOx/day, 2006)

–

Developed New 6/SEER 14 tradeoff to replace

R-6/SEER 12 tradeoff, including, SHCG, and AFUE.

–

Asked to offer Technical Assistance to PUC by State

Senator John Carona

–

Developed preliminary shading analysis for potential

PUC tree planting program.

–

Add new water/waste water design module to eCALC

(EPA funding)

Progress 2001 to 2005

OSD NOx re duction le v e ls (Pre liminary Estimate s)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

2004 Cumul at iv e 2005 Cumul at iv e 2006 Cumul at iv e 2007 Cumul at iv e 2008 Cumul at iv e 2009 Cumul at i v e 2010

To

ns

/O

z

o

ne

Se

a

s

on

D

a

y

ESL-Single Family

ESL-Multif amily

PUC (SB7)

PUC (SB5 grant program)

SECO

Wind-ERCOT

Randall

Hourly Turbine Power vs. Wind Speed (Enertech)

0

10

20

30

40

50

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

On-site Wind Speed (MPH)

Tu

rb

in

e

P

o

w

e

r

(k

W

h

/h

)

Daily Turbine Power vs. Wind Speed (Enertech)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

On-site Average Daily Wind Speed (MPH)

Turbi

ne

P

o

w

e

r

(k

W

h

/d

a

y

)

Wind Turbine Power 3P Model (Enertech) - Monthly

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

On-site Wind Speed (MPH)

W

ind

Tur

bi

ne

P

o

w

e

r (k

W

h

/d

a

y

)

Monthly Wind Turbine Power 1999-2002

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Date

Average

1999

2000

2001

2002

Ozone Season Day (OSD) NOx Reductions

(Base Case - Scenario 2)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

20

01

20

03

20

05

20

07

20

09

20

11

20

13

20

15

20

17

20

19

Year

O

S

D NO

x

S

a

v

in

g

s

(T

o

n

s-N

O

x/

d

a

y)

Ozone Season Day NOx Emissions Reductions

0.0

0.1

0.1

0.2

0.2

0.3

0.3

0.4

0.4

0.5

2

001

2

002

2

003

2

004

2

005

2

006

2

007

2

008

2

009

2

010

2

011

2

012

2

013

2

014

2

015

2

016

2

017

2

018

2

019

2

020

Year

O

S

D

N

O

x S

avi

ngs

(

T

ons

-N

O

x

/d

ay)

-5.00

-4.00

-3.00

-2.00

-1.00

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

HDD

T

o

ta

l E

n

er

gy

D

iff

e

re

nc

e

(%

)

p. 7

Energy Systems Laboratory © 2005

•

Integrated Emissions Reporting

– Helped TCEQ Develop an Integrated Emissions

Reporting (2010): ESL, PUC, SECO, Wind

• ESL Code Compliance (4.5 tons/day)

• PUC SB5,SB7 programs (3.9 tons/day)

• SECO Political Sub. (1.3 tons/day)

• Green Power (Wind) (5.7 tons/day)

• Total (15.4 tons/day)

Progress 2001 to 2005

OSD NOx reduction leve ls (Preliminary Estimate s)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

2004

Cumulat ive 2005

Cumulat ive 2006

Cumulat ive 2007

Cumulat ive 2008

Cumulat ive 2009

Cumulat ive 2010

T

o

n

s

/O

z

o

n

e

S

easo

n

D

a

y

ESL-Single Family

ESL-Multifamily

PUC (SB7)

PUC (SB5 grant program)

SECO

Wind-ERCOT

Ozone Season Day NOx reduction level for 2010

(Preliminary Estimates)

ESL-Multifamily

2%

PUC (SB7)

27%

Wind-ERCOT

34%

ESL-Single Family

28%

SECO

9%

PUC (SB5 grant

program )

0%

Texas Wind Power Generation (Source: ERCOT 2005)

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

Jul- 01

Nov- 01

Mar- 02

Jul- 02

Nov- 02

Mar- 03

Jul- 03

Nov- 03

Mar- 04

Jul- 04

Nov- 04

W

in

d

P

o

we

r Ge

n

e

ra

ti

o

n

(

M

W

H

)

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

In

st

al

le

d

C

a

p

aci

ty

(

M

W

)

Wind Power Generation

Installed Capacity

•

New building models

use the DOE-2

simulation

•

Actual 1999 weather

data used to calculate

peak day for each

location

•

eGRID then calculates

emissions by PCA for

1999 and 2007.

p. 9

Energy Systems Laboratory © 2005

eCALC: Emissions Reductions Calculator

•

Municipal models use:

– DOE-2 simulations

for new buildings

– Component models

for street & traffic

lights

– Monthly utility billing

models for

before-after analysis

•

eGRID then calculates

emissions by PCA for

1999 and 2007.

•

Renewable tools use:

– F-CHART for solar

thermal

– PV F-CHART for

photovoltaics

– ASHRAE IMT utility

billing analysis for

wind energy

•

eGRID used to calculate

emissions by PCA for

1999 and 2007.

p. 11

Energy Systems Laboratory © 2005

eCALC: Solar Thermal Analysis Tool

•

User selects solar system

characteristics (i.e., type,

collectors, tilt, etc.).

•

eCALC calculates energy savings

from installation of solar system

using FCHART

•

Output from FCHART weather

normalized with ASHRAE IMT.

Coefficients fed to 1999 peak

extractor.

•

Peak extractor then calculates

1999 annual and peak-day energy

savings, which are fed to eGRID.

•

eGRID used to calculate 1999 and

eCALC: Solar Thermal Analysis

eCalc

eCalc

calculates energy savings

though F-CHART, allows to

analyze solar domestic hot water

and pool heating systems.

The output from F-CHART is weather

normalized with ASHRAE IMT. A

break-point linear regression

model as a function of outside

temperature fits very well the

thermal behavior of the solar

thermal systems.

Methodology

SDHW System Performance for Austin, TX

Ac=160ft

2

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

JAN

49.6

FEB

53.2

MAR

59.5

APR

68.5

MAY

75.2

JUN

81.7

JUL

84.6

AUG

84.7

SEP

79

OCT

70.2

NOV

59.2

DEC

52.3

Month of the Year and Average Outside Temperature [°F]

P

re

d

ic

te

d E

n

e

rgy

(

k

B

tu

/da

y

)

SDHW System Performance for Austin TX

Ac=160ft

2

89.04

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

95

Average Outside Temperature [°F]

P

re

d

ic

te

d E

n

e

rgy

(

k

B

tu/

da

y

)

p. 13

Energy Systems Laboratory © 2005

75,521

kWh

Annual Energy Savings

199

kWh

OSDavg

189.22

kWh

OSDpkChosen

Savings

•

User enters 12 months of

post-construction wind-generated

electricity data.

•

eCALC calculates performance

data for the wind energy system

using ASHRAE IMT.

•

Output from performance model

combined with 1999 wind data to

calculate annual and peak-day

electricity production for 1999.

•

eGRID used to calculate 1999 and

2007 emissions reduction by PCA

p. 15

Energy Systems Laboratory © 2005

eCALC

eCALC

: Wind Analysis Methodology

: Wind Analysis Methodology

Hourly Turbine Power vs. Wind Speed (Enertech)

0

10

20

30

40

50

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

On-site Wind Speed (M PH)

T

u

rb

in

e

Po

w

e

r (

k

Wh

/h

)

9/2001- 8/2002 Hourly Turbine Power vs.

On-site Wind Speed

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Date

M

onthl

y

P

e

rc

e

n

t

of

M

a

xi

m

u

m

C

a

p

a

ci

ty

-4

0

k

W

Predicted Average

Predicted 1999

Predicted 2000

Predicted 2001

Predicted 2002

kWh

Annual Total

Ozone Episode Period Peak Day

Average Daily Ozone Episode Period

189

34-day Ozone Episode Period Total

94,894

184

6,410

1999 Predicted Turbine Power

Electricity Produced by the Wind Turbine for

1999-2002 (Monthly Percent of Maximum Capacity)

•

Involve everyone!

– Stakeholders, Other State Agencies, EPA, DOE, etc.

•

Accuracy counts!

– All procedures developed must be accurate from

end-to-end (peer-reviewed).

– Weather normalization required for SIP Credits,

back-casting to base-year weather data allows for alignment with

EPA’s eGRID.

– Future projections require multiple discounts, degradation,

and growth factors.

– Integrated accounting across State Agencies allows for

State-wide, cumulative reporting to EPA.

•

Documentation important!

– EPA Quality Assurance Project Plan – QAPP.

p. 17

Energy Systems Laboratory © 2005

Jeff Haberl:

jeffhaberl@tees.tamus.edu

Charles Culp:

charlesculp@tees.tamus.edu

Bahman Yazdani:

bahmanyazdani@tees.tamus.edu

Tom Fitzpatrick:

tfitzpatrick@mail.utexas.edu

Visit the Calculator: “http://ecalc.tamu.edu”

Questions?