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Short-run forecasting of the euro-dollar exchange rate with economic fundamentals

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SHORT-RUN FORECASTING OF THE

EURO-DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATE

WITH ECONOMIC FUNDAMENTALS

Marcos dal Bianco, Maximo Camacho

and Gabriel Perez-Quiros

Documentos de Trabajo

N.º 1203

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SHORT-RUN FORECASTING OF THE EURO-DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATE WITH ECONOMIC FUNDAMENTALS

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SHORT-RUN FORECASTING OF THE EURO-DOLLAR EXCHANGE

RATE WITH ECONOMIC FUNDAMENTALS

(*)

Marcos dal Bianco

BBVA RESEARCH

Maximo Camacho

UNIVERSIDAD DE MURCIA

Gabriel Perez-Quiros

BANCO DE ESPAÑA

(*) Camacho acknowledges financial support from MICINN (ECO2010-19830). The authors are grateful to the editor, the anonymous referees, participants to the Econometrics Workshop at the University of Alicante, XXXII Symposium on Economic Analysis, and the XLV Meeting of the Argentinean Association of Political Economy for their very useful comments. Any remaining errors are our own responsibility. The views in this paper are those of the authors and do not represent the views of the Bank of Spain.

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The Working Paper Series seeks to disseminate original research in economics and fi nance. All papers have been anonymously refereed. By publishing these papers, the Banco de España aims to contribute to economic analysis and, in particular, to knowledge of the Spanish economy and its international environment.

The opinions and analyses in the Working Paper Series are the responsibility of the authors and, therefore, do not necessarily coincide with those of the Banco de España or the Eurosystem.

The Banco de España disseminates its main reports and most of its publications via the INTERNET at the following website: http://www.bde.es.

Reproduction for educational and non-commercial purposes is permitted provided that the source is acknowledged.

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Abstract

We propose a fundamentals-based econometric model for the weekly changes in the euro-dollar rate with the distinctive feature of mixing economic variables quoted at different frequencies. The model obtains good in-sample fi t and, more importantly, encouraging out-of-sample forecasting results at horizons ranging from one week to one month. Specifi cally, we obtain statistically signifi cant improvements upon the hard-to-beat random walk model using traditional statistical measures of forecasting error at all horizons. Moreover, our model improves greatly when we use the direction-of-change metric, which has more economic relevance than other loss measures. With this measure, our model performs much better at all forecasting horizons than a naive model that predicts the exchange rate has an equal chance to go up or down, with statistically signifi cant improvements.

Keywords: euro-dollar rate, exchange rate forecasting, State-space model, mixed

frequencies.

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Resumen

Se propone un modelo econométrico basado en fundamentales para el cambio semanal del tipo de cambio del euro frente al dólar con la característica diferencial de mezclar variables con diferentes frecuencias. El modelo obtiene buenas predicciones en la muestra, y, lo que es más importante, mejoras en predicción fuera de la muestra a horizontes entre una semana y un mes. Específi camente, obtenemos mejoras estadísticamente signifi cativas frente al difícil de batir paseo aleatorio, usando las medidas tradicionales basadas en error de predicción cuadrático medio a todos los horizontes. Las ganancias son mayores cuando utilizamos la métrica basada en la dirección del cambio, que tiene más sentido económico en un modelo como este. Con esta medida, nuestro modelo predice los movimientos alcistas y bajistas del tipo de cambio mucho mejor que un modelo basado en igual probabilidad de bajadas y subidas.

Palabras claves: Tipo de cambio euro-dólar, predicción de tipos de cambio, modelo de

ecuación de estados y frecuencias mixtas.

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(11)

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(14)

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34 A6G>96 * +6GCD $ ,6NADG % ( 6C9 .6A:CI: ,=: DJID;H6BEA: HJ88:HH D; I:GB HIGJ8IJG: BD9:AH 6H :M8=6C<: G6I: EG:9>8IDGH 6 HI:E 7:NDC9#(%" # "'%"'#" #"#!& .DA EE

34 A6G>96 * 6C9 ,6NADG % ( ,=: I:GB HIGJ8IJG: D; ;DGL6G9 :M8=6C<: EG:B>JBH 6C9 I=: ;DG:86HI67>A>IN D; HEDI :M8=6C<: G6I:H DGG:8I>C< I=: :GGDGH )* # #"#!& " ''&'& .DA &D EE

34 >:7DA9 0 6C9 %6G>6CD * + DBE6G>C< EG:9>8I>K: 688JG68N #(%" # (&"&& " #"#! ''&'& .DA &D "JAN EE

34 DGC7JH8= * ME:8I6I>DCH 6C9 :M8=6C<: G6I: 9NC6B>8H#(%" # # ' #" #!, .DA &D EE

34 J:@:G % 6C9 &::AN " 6C B6G@DK HL>I8=>C< BD9:AH EG:9>8I :M8:HH ;DG:><C :M8=6C<: G:IJGCH #(%" # "" " "" .DA &D EE

34 C<:A ,=: ;DGL6G9 9>H8DJCI 6CDB6AN 6C9 I=: G>H@ EG:B>JB HJGK:N D; G:8:CI :K>9:C8:#(%" # !$% "" .DA EE

34 K6CH % 6C9 $NDCH * # 'G9:G QDL 6C9 :M8=6C<: G6I: 9NC6B>8H#(%" # # ' #"#!, .DA &D EE

34 K6CH % 6C9 $NDCH * # %::H:*D<DW G:9JM B>8GD76H:9 :M8=6C<:G6I: ;DG:86HI>C< !%" #"#! %)* (6E:GH 6C9 (GD8::9>C<H .DA &D %6N EE

34 6JHI " *D<:GH " /6C< + 1 6C9 /G><=I " ,=: =><=;G:FJ:C8N G:HEDCH: D; :M8=6C<: G6I:H 6C9 >CI:G:HI G6I:H ID B68GD:8DCDB>8 CCDJC8:B:CIH#(%" # #"'%, #"#!& .DA EE

(31)

34 6JHI " *D<:GH " 6C9 /G><=I " M8=6C<: G6I: ;DG:86HI>C< ,=: :GGDGH L:RK: G:6AAN B69:#(%" # "'%"'#" #"#!& .DA &D %6N EE 34 G6C@:A " 'C I=: %6G@ I=:DGN D; QD6I>C< :M8=6C<: G6I:H 76H:9 DC G:6A >CI:G:HI

9>W:G:CI>6AH!%" #"#! )* .DA &D +:E EE

34 G6C@:A " ,=: BNHI:GN D; I=: BJAI>EAN>C< %6G@H BD9>P86I>DC D; I=: BDC:I6GN BD9:A)* # #"#!& " ''&'& .DA &D J< EE

34 G6C@:A " 6C9 *DH: # BE>G>86A G:H:6G8= DC CDB>C6A :M8=6C<: G6I:H >C GDHHB6C 6C9 # + *D<DW 9H "## # "'%"'#" #"#!& .DA !!! =6EI:G EE AH:K>:G

34 :=G>< , 6C9 %:C@DW $ ,=: JH: D; QDL 6C6ANH>H >C ;DG:><C :M8=6C<: :MEADG6IDGN :K>9:C8:#(%" # "'%"'#" #", " "" .DA EE

34 DD9=6GI ,=: ;DG:><C :M8=6C<: B6G@:I 6 G6C9DB L6A@ L>I= 6 9G6<<>C< C8=DG #"#! .DA EE

34 6> / %6G@ & 6C9 /J 1 -C9:GHI6C9>C< HEDI 6C9 ;DGL6G9 :M8=6C<: G6I: G:<G:HH>DCH#(%" # $$ #"#!'%& .DA EE

34 6GK:N $:N7DJGC: + 6C9 &:L7DA9 ( ,:HI>C< I=: :FJ6A>IN D; EG:9>8I>DC B:6C HFJ6G:9 :GGDGH"'%"'#" #(%" # #%&'" .DA EE

34 6GK:N $:N7DJGC: + 6C9 &:L7DA9 ( ,:HIH ;DG ;DG:86HIH :C8DBE6HH>C<#(% " # (&"&& " #"#!& ''&'& .DA EE

34 6NC:H + 6C9 +IDC: " 'C I=: %6G@ DBB:CI B:G>86C 8DCDB>8 *:K>:L .DA &D :8 EE

34 DDE:G ( 6C9 %DGIDC " AJ8IJ6I>DCH >C I=: 9DAA6G BD9:A D; CDB>C6A 6C9 G:6A :M8=6C<: G6I: 9:I:GB>C6I>DC#(%" # "'%"'#" #", " "" .DA EE 34 #>A>6C $ M8=6C<: G6I: 6C9 BDC:I6GN ;JC96B:CI6AH /=6I 9D L: A:6GC ;GDB ADC<

=DG>ODC G:<G:HH>DCH#(%" # $$ #"#!'%& .DA &D +:E EE 34 #>B " 6C9 %D + D>CI:<G6I>DC 6C9 I=: ADC<;JC ;DG:86HI D; :M8=6C<: G6I:H

#"#!& ''%& .DA &D "JC: EE

34 $:>I8= 6C9 ,6CC:G " 8DCDB>8 ;DG:86HI :K6AJ6I>DC (GDPIH K:GHJH I=: 8DC K:CI>DC6A :GGDG B:6HJG:H!%" #"#! )* .DA &D "JC EE

(32)

34 $J86H * !CI:G:HI G6I:H 6C9 8JGG:C8N EG>8:H >C 6 ILDDJCIGN LDGA9#(%" # #"'%, #"#!& .DA &D EE

34 $NDCH * # ,:HIH D; B>8GDHIGJ8IJG6A =NEDI=:H:H >C I=: ;DG:><C :M8=6C<: B6G@:I #(%" # "" #"#!& .DA '8ID7:G EE

34 $NDCH * # %#&'%('(% $$%# '# +" '& %!, (G:HH 6B 7G>9<: %6HH68=JH:IIH

34 %68DC6A9 * 6C9 ,6NADG % ( ,=: BDC:I6GN BD9:A D; I=: :M8=6C<: G6I: $DC< GJC G:A6I>DCH=>EH H=DGIGJC 9NC6B>8H 6C9 =DL ID 7:6I 6 G6C9DB L6A@ #(%" # "'%" '#" #", " "" .DA &D "JC: EE

34 %6G>6CD * + 6C9 %JG6H6L6 1 C:L 8D>C8>9:CI >C9:M D; 7JH>C:HH 8N8A:H 76H:9 DC BDCI=AN 6C9 FJ6GI:GAN H:G>:H

References

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