Smart Grid. Hva er Smart Grid og hva er det ikke? Tore Langeland/Christopher Greiner 26 oktober 2010

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Smart Grid

Hva er Smart Grid og hva er det ikke?

Tore Langeland/Christopher Greiner 26 oktober 2010

Hva er Smart Grid og hva er det ikke?

26 oktober 2010

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Agenda g

 DNV in brief

 DNV “definition” of the Smart Grid

 DNV definition of the Smart Grid

 Concepts

 Challenges

 Technology

Fi ld t i l d G t Sti l

 Field trials and Government Stimulus

 The Smart Grid hype?

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DNV – an independent foundation p

(4)

More than 145 years of managing risk y g g

 DNV (Det Norske Veritas) was established in 1864 in Norway

 DNV is a leading international provider of services for managing risk

(5)

Highly skilled people across the world g y p p

9,000

300 100

employees, of which 82% have university degree

offices countries

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DNV and power systems p y

Power systems are facing an increasingly complex risk reality:

complex risk reality:

 Demand for electricity of high quality continues to grow

 Increase in variable and less certain generation (wind, solar…)

 Society is becoming more and moreSociety is becoming more and more dependent on electricity

 Public opposition against new transmission lines coupled with an ageing infrastructure lines coupled with an ageing infrastructure

Solution: Better risk management g

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DNV Projects within Power Systems j y

 Performance Assessment of a Conceptual Offshore Power Grid

- Client: Statnett

- RAM analysis (Reliability, Availability and Maintainability)

 Availability of Power from Shore

Cli t M j O&G

- Client: Major O&G company

- RAM analysis (Reliability, Availability and Maintainability)

 Design Codes for Dynamic HVDC cables

- Client: Statnett

 Implementation of Risk Management in Hydro Power Companies

- Client: Various hydro power companies

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The Existing Grid g

 Based on technology that was developed

Hierarchical network structure

Based on technology that was developed more than 30 years ago

 Limited innovation

 Designed for one-way energy flows from large centralized fully controllable power plants to passive customers at the other end of the network

of the network.

 More blackouts and brownouts:

- Slow response times of mechanical switches, A l k f t t d l ti

- A lack of automated analytics - “Poor visibility”

Source: Farhangi

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Quiz Q

Wh i h S G id?

What is the Smart Grid?

… and what is it not?

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DNV “Definition” of the Smart Grid

 A Smart Grid is an electric power network that utilizes two-way communication and control-technologies to cost efficiently control technologies to cost efficiently integrate the behaviour and actions of all users connected to it – in order to ensure an economically efficient sustainable power

f system with low losses and high levels of quality, security of supply and safety

(Source: IEC and The European Technology Platform on Smart Grids)

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The Four Essential Building Blocks of a Smart Grid g

 A sensor system to measure the system state

 A communication infrastructure to transmit data (information) back and forth

data (information) back and forth

 Control algorithms that digest information and generate control signals to alter the system state

state

 Actuators that effect the desired changes

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What the Smart Grid is NOT

 The Smart Grid relates to the electricityThe Smart Grid relates to the electricity network only

 Smart Grids are not new “super grids”

 The smart grid is no revolution but rather an evolution

 There will not (and cannot) be any “roll-out”

of Smart Grids

 Smart metering is not Smart Grids Wi d t bi l i h b id l t i

Source: Amigo Energy

 Wind turbines, plug-in hybrid electric

vehicles and solar arrays are not part of the Smart Grid

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Concepts p

 Centralized electricity generation technologies

A ill i

- Ancillary services

 Transmission issues

- Real time operation

- Single European electricity market

 Distribution issues concerning distribution system operators only

- Monitoring and control of low and medium voltage networks

- Self restoration

Highly dependent on communication solutions - Highly dependent on communication solutions

 Distribution issues concerning several parties

Di t ib t d ti d t

- Distributed generation and storage - Smart EV charging

- Active consumer participation.

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Concepts p

Demand Response (DR)

 Present power systems are operated in load-ese po e sys e s a e ope a ed oad following mode.

- Static load

- Dynamically operated generation

 Demand Response could move systems into combining load-following with load shaping.

- Evening diurnal variations

- Meeting fluctuating power supply from wind, solar, tidal, etc

 Better utilization of power plants

 Reduced demand for peak power plants and standby reserves

Virtual Power Systems

 Central coordination of distribution system assets

Source: EPRI

 Central coordination of distribution system assets - Generation, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, storage

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Challenges g

 Competition with traditional solutionsp

 Technology barriers including:

- Standards - Interoperability - Cyber security - Data privacy

 A step-by-step implementation with

i i i t i ti ti

minimum impact on existing operations

 The many legacy business functions and systems Smart Grids touch

 Spread of RD&D across organisational borders and electricity value chain

 Asymmetric costs and benefits

 Customer engagement and public acceptance

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Technology gy

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Technologies driving the Smart Grid g g

 Integrated communications allowing every part of the grid to both “talk” and “listen”

 Sensing and measurement technologies to support faster and more accurate

response such as remote monitoring, time-

f i i d d d id

of-use pricing and demand-side management

 Advanced components to apply the latest research in storage, power electronics, diagnostics and superconductivity

 Advanced control methods to monitor essential components, enabling rapid

diagnosis and precise solutions appropriate to any event

 Improved interfaces and decision

support to amplify the decision-making of grid operators and managers

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Sensor System y

Smart Meters

 Detailed and real time energy consumption

 Communication in home area network

 Smart Grid concept: A smart meter must beSmart Grid concept: A smart meter must be able to receive control signals and switch in/out electric appliances locally.

 Accurate pricing of electricityAccurate pricing of electricity

 Smart Chargers

Phasor Measurement Units Phasor Measurement Units

 Measure of voltage amplitude and phase angle as well as current phasors

 0.02 – 0.1 second refresh rate

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Communication infrastructure

 Communication technology on an entirelyCommunication technology on an entirely new scale

- Energy management systems - Smart Meters

S El i V hi l h

- Smart Electric Vehicle chargers - Power electronic devices

- Energy storage units

 Smart Grid communication

- Fibre Optic Communication - Broadband over Power Lines

- GSM

 Cyber security and data privacy will be important risk measures in smart grids

Source: Optcom

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Control Systems y

Present:

 Supervisory Control and Data Acqusition (SCADA)

( )

Smart Grids:

 Wide-Area Measurement Protection and Control Systems (WAMPACS)

Ad d Di t ib ti M t

 Advanced Distribution Management Systems

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Actuators

Smart Meters (Smart Chargers)

Flexible AC Transmission System Devices

- Static Var Compensator (SVC)

- Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) - Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) - Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) - Unified Power-Flow Controller (UPFC)( )

Distributed Energy Storage

- Defer upgrades through peak load shaving

- Balance the consumption and production of electricity - Provide islanding capabilities during grid faults

Source: ABB

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Field trials and Government Stimulus

China: Bulk transmission issues China: Bulk transmission issues

 Wide-Area Measurement Protection and Control Systems (WAMPACS)

USA: Distribution issues

Rank Country Mill. US$

1 China 7323

2 US 7092

 Distribution management

 Consumer participation

2 US 7092

3 Japan 849

4 South Korea 824

5 Spain 807

 Smart meters

Europe: Both

p

6 Germany 397

7 Australia 360

8 UK 290

Europe: Both

9 France 265

10 Brazil 204

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First Steps towards a Smart Grid: Italy p y

The Telegestore project The Telegestore project

 30 million smart meters installed

 Cost: €2.1 billionCost: €2.1 billion

 Estimated savings: €500 million/year

 Main advantages:

- Import and export power measurements

- Remote reading, connection and disconnection, load control

Time of use (TOU) and time of year contract - Time-of-use (TOU) and time-of-year contract

management functions

- Fraud and tampering detection

Soure: Telegestore

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First Steps towards a Smart Grid: South Korea p

2030: Full deployment of smart grid

 Increase efficiency

 Reduce energy imports

 Cut greenhouse gas emissions g g

Jeju Smart Grid pilot project j p p j

 Real-time power grid monitoring

 Power management of intelligent homes

 Operation of microgrids with distributed generation, energy storage and electric vehicle charging

facilities

 Various electricity rates for consumers

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Smart Grid Risks

 High cost of implementation, possiblyHigh cost of implementation, possibly outweighing the benefits

 IT infrastructure reliability and cyber security

 Interoperability between components, lack of protocols and standards

 Stranded costs due to steep learning curve

 A step-by-step implementation impacting on existing operations

P bli iti t ill d i i

 Public opposition to surveillance and giving away control

 Long-term political will, funding and i ti

incentives

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The Smart Grid Hype? yp

 The interest in “Smart Grids” has

skyrocketed in the last few years

Gartner hype cycle

 However a lot of people in the business lack a good understanding of what the smart grid concept is really all about

 It can be argued that smart grids are now on the peak of the “Hype cycle”

In order to get out of the following

valley of disillusionment it is important

Source: Wakefield, 2008

to realize the true capabilities of a

“Smart Grid”

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Summary y

 The Smart Grid is an addition of sensor systems, communication infrastructure, control systems and actuators onto the existing grid infrastructure and actuators onto the existing grid infrastructure and operation

 The Smart Grid spans the entire power system, from

hi h lt t i i ll th d t l

high voltage transmission all the way down to low voltage distribution

 Important Smart Grid concepts include demand p p response and virtual power systems

 Important Smart Grid technologies include smart meters, FACTS devices, distributed energy storage, meters, FACTS devices, distributed energy storage, advanced energy management systems and the communication infrastructure to link them all together