CiteSeerX — OMG Unified Modeling Language TM (OMG UML)

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Date: September 2013

OMG Unified Modeling Language

^TM

(OMG UML)

Version 2.5

OMG Document Number: ptc/2013-09-05

Normative Reference: http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.5 Machine Consumable Files:

http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/20131001/PrimitiveTypes.xmi http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/20131001/UML.xmi

http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/20131001/StandardProfile.xmi http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/20131001/UMLDI.xmi

Version 2.5 is formally a minor revision to the UML 2.4.1 specification, having been substantially re-written as solicited by the UML Specification Simplification RFP ad/09-12-10. It supersedes formal/2011-08-05 (Infrastructure) and formal/2011-08-06 (Superstructure).

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USE OF SPECIFICATION - TERMS, CONDITIONS & NOTICES

The material in this document details an Object Management Group specification in accordance with the terms, conditions and notices set forth below. This document does not represent a commitment to implement any portion of this specification in any company's products. The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice.

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The companies listed above have granted to the Object Management Group, Inc. (OMG) a nonexclusive, royalty-free, paid up, worldwide license to copy and distribute this document and to modify this document and distribute copies of the modified version. Each of the copyright holders listed above has agreed that no person shall be deemed to have infringed the copyright in the included material of any such copyright holder by reason of having used the specification set forth herein or having

conformed any computer software to the specification.

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Subject to all of the terms and conditions below, the owners of the copyright in this specification hereby grant you a fully-paid up, non-exclusive, nontransferable, perpetual, worldwide license (without the right to sublicense), to use this specification to create and distribute software and special purpose specifications that are based upon this specification, and to use, copy, and distribute this specification as provided under the Copyright Act; provided that: (1) both the copyright notice identified above and this permission notice appear on any copies of this specification; (2) the use of the specifications is for informational purposes and will not be copied or posted on any network computer or broadcast in any media and will not be otherwise resold or transferred for commercial purposes; and (3) no modifications are made to this specification. This limited permission automatically terminates without notice if you breach any of these terms or conditions. Upon termination, you will destroy immediately any copies of the specifications in your possession or control.

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WHILE THIS PUBLICATION IS BELIEVED TO BE ACCURATE, IT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND MAY CONTAIN ERRORS OR MISPRINTS. THE OBJECT MANAGEMENT GROUP AND THE COMPANIES LISTED ABOVE MAKE NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH REGARD TO THIS PUBLICATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY OF TITLE OR OWNERSHIP, IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE.

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RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND

Use, duplication or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to the restrictions set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of The Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software Clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 or in subparagraph (c)(1) and (2) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights clauses at 48 C.F.R. 52.227-19 or as specified in 48 C.F.R. 227-7202-2 of the DoD F.A.R. Supplement and its successors, or as specified in 48 C.F.R. 12.212 of the Federal Acquisition Regulations and its successors, as applicable. The specification copyright owners are as indicated above and may be contacted through the Object Management Group, 109 Highland Avenue, Needham, MA 02494, U.S.A.

TRADEMARKS

MDA®, Model Driven Architecture®, UML®, UML Cube logo®, OMG Logo®, CORBA® and XMI® are registered

trademarks of the Object Management Group, Inc., and Object Management Group™, OMG™ , Unified Modeling Language™, Model Driven Architecture Logo™, Model Driven Architecture Diagram™, CORBA logos™, XMI Logo™, CWM™, CWM

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Logo™, IIOP™ , MOF™ , IMM™ , OMG Interface Definition Language (IDL™), and OMG Systems Modeling Language (OMG SysML™) are trademarks of the Object Management Group. All other products or company names mentioned are used for identification purposes only, and may be trademarks of their respective owners.

COMPLIANCE

The copyright holders listed above acknowledge that the Object Management Group (acting itself or through its designees) is and shall at all times be the sole entity that may authorize developers, suppliers and sellers of computer software to use certification marks, trademarks or other special designations to indicate compliance with these materials.

Software developed under the terms of this license may claim compliance or conformance with this specification if and only if the software compliance is of a nature fully matching the applicable compliance points as stated in the specification. Software developed only partially matching the applicable compliance points may claim only that the software was based on this specification, but may not claim compliance or conformance with this specification. In the event that testing suites are

implemented or approved by Object Management Group, Inc., software developed using this specification may claim compliance or conformance with the specification only if the software satisfactorily completes the testing suites.

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OMG’s Issue Reporting Procedure

All OMG specifications are subject to continuous review and improvement. As part of this process we encourage readers to report any ambiguities, inconsistencies, or inaccuracies they may find by completing the Issue Reporting Form listed on the main web page http://www.omg.org, under Documents, Report a Bug/Issue (http://www.omg.org/report_issue.htm).

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16.5.4 Notation... 479 16.5.5 Examples ... 479 16.6 Link Actions... 479 16.6.1 Summary ... 479 16.6.2 Abstract Syntax ... 480 16.6.3 Semantics ... 480 16.6.4 Notation... 482 16.6.5 Examples ... 482 16.7 Link Object Actions ... 482 16.7.1 Summary ... 482 16.7.2 Abstract Syntax ... 482 16.7.3 Semantics ... 483 16.7.4 Notation... 483 16.7.5 Examples ... 483 16.8 Structural Feature Actions ... 483 16.8.1 Summary ... 483 16.8.2 Abstract Syntax ... 484 16.8.3 Semantics ... 484 16.8.4 Notation... 486 16.8.5 Examples ... 486 16.9 Variable Actions ... 486 16.9.1 Summary ... 486 16.9.2 Abstract Syntax ... 486 16.9.3 Semantics ... 487 16.9.4 Notation... 488 16.9.5 Examples ... 488 16.10 Accept Event Actions ... 488 16.10.1 Summary ... 488 16.10.2 Abstract Syntax ... 489 16.10.3 Semantics ... 489 16.10.4 Notation... 491 16.10.5 Examples ... 491 16.11 Structured Actions ... 492 16.11.1 Summary ... 492 16.11.2 Abstract Syntax ... 493 16.11.3 Semantics ... 493 16.11.4 Notation... 497 16.11.5 Examples ... 497 16.12 Expansion Regions... 497 16.12.1 Summary ... 497 16.12.2 Abstract Syntax ... 497 16.12.3 Semantics ... 498 16.12.4 Notation... 499 16.12.5 Examples ... 501

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16.13 Other Actions ... 503 16.13.1 Summary ... 503 16.13.2 Abstract Syntax ... 503 16.13.3 Semantics ... 503 16.13.4 Notation... 504 16.13.5 Examples ... 504 16.14 Classifier Descriptions ... 505 AcceptCallAction [Class] ... 505 AcceptEventAction [Class] ... 506 Action [Abstract Class] ... 507 ActionInputPin [Class]... 509 AddStructuralFeatureValueAction [Class] ... 509 AddVariableValueAction [Class] ... 510 BroadcastSignalAction [Class] ... 511 CallAction [Abstract Class] ... 512 CallBehaviorAction [Class] ... 514 CallOperationAction [Class] ... 514 Clause [Class] ... 515 ClearAssociationAction [Class] ... 517 ClearStructuralFeatureAction [Class] ... 517 ClearVariableAction [Class] ... 518 ConditionalNode [Class] ... 518 CreateLinkAction [Class] ... 520 CreateLinkObjectAction [Class] ... 521 CreateObjectAction [Class] ... 521 DestroyLinkAction [Class] ... 522 DestroyObjectAction [Class] ... 523 ExpansionKind [Enumeration] ... 523 ExpansionNode [Class] ... 524 ExpansionRegion [Class] ... 525 InputPin [Class] ... 525 InvocationAction [Abstract Class] ... 526 LinkAction [Abstract Class] ... 526 LinkEndCreationData [Class] ... 527 LinkEndData [Class] ... 528 LinkEndDestructionData [Class] ... 530 LoopNode [Class] ... 531 OpaqueAction [Class] ... 533 OutputPin [Class] ... 534 Pin [Abstract Class] ... 535 QualifierValue [Class] ... 535 RaiseExceptionAction [Class] ... 536 ReadExtentAction [Class] ... 537 ReadIsClassifiedObjectAction [Class] ... 537

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ReadLinkAction [Class]... 538 ReadLinkObjectEndAction [Class] ... 540 ReadLinkObjectEndQualifierAction [Class] ... 541 ReadSelfAction [Class] ... 542 ReadStructuralFeatureAction [Class] ... 543 ReadVariableAction [Class] ... 544 ReclassifyObjectAction [Class] ... 545 ReduceAction [Class] ... 546 RemoveStructuralFeatureValueAction [Class] ... 547 RemoveVariableValueAction [Class] ... 548 ReplyAction [Class] ... 548 SendObjectAction [Class] ... 549 SendSignalAction [Class] ... 550 SequenceNode [Class] ... 551 StartClassifierBehaviorAction [Class] ... 551 StartObjectBehaviorAction [Class] ... 552 StructuralFeatureAction [Abstract Class] ... 553 StructuredActivityNode [Class] ... 554 TestIdentityAction [Class] ... 557 UnmarshallAction [Class] ... 558 ValuePin [Class] ... 559 ValueSpecificationAction [Class] ... 559 VariableAction [Abstract Class] ... 560 WriteLinkAction [Abstract Class] ... 561 WriteStructuralFeatureAction [Abstract Class] ... 561 WriteVariableAction [Abstract Class] ... 562 16.15 Association Descriptions ... 563 A_argument_invocationAction [Association] ... 563 A_association_clearAssociationAction [Association] ... 563 A_behavior_callBehaviorAction [Association] ... 564 A_bodyOutput_clause [Association] ... 564 A_bodyOutput_loopNode [Association] ... 564 A_bodyPart_loopNode [Association] ... 564 A_body_clause [Association] ... 565 A_classifier_createObjectAction [Association]... 565 A_classifier_readExtentAction [Association] ... 565 A_classifier_readIsClassifiedObjectAction [Association] ... 565 A_clause_conditionalNode [Association] ... 566 A_collection_reduceAction [Association] ... 566 A_context_action [Association]... 566 A_decider_clause [Association] ... 566 A_decider_loopNode [Association] ... 567 A_destroyAt_linkEndDestructionData [Association] ... 567 A_edge_inStructuredNode [Association] ... 567

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A_endData_createLinkAction [Association] ... 567 A_endData_destroyLinkAction [Association]... 568 A_endData_linkAction [Association] ... 568 A_end_linkEndData [Association] ... 568 A_end_readLinkObjectEndAction [Association] ... 568 A_exception_raiseExceptionAction [Association] ... 569 A_executableNode_sequenceNode [Association] ... 569 A_first_testIdentityAction [Association] ... 569 A_fromAction_actionInputPin [Association] ... 569 A_inputElement_regionAsInput [Association] ... 570 A_inputValue_linkAction [Association] ... 570 A_inputValue_opaqueAction [Association] ... 570 A_input_action [Association] ... 570 A_insertAt_addStructuralFeatureValueAction [Association] ... 571 A_insertAt_addVariableValueAction [Association] ... 571 A_insertAt_linkEndCreationData [Association] ... 571 A_localPostcondition_action [Association] ... 571 A_localPrecondition_action [Association] ... 572 A_loopVariableInput_loopNode [Association] ... 572 A_loopVariable_loopNode [Association] ... 572 A_newClassifier_reclassifyObjectAction [Association] ... 572 A_node_inStructuredNode [Association] ... 573 A_object_clearAssociationAction [Association] ... 573 A_object_readIsClassifiedObjectAction [Association] ... 573 A_object_readLinkObjectEndAction [Association] ... 573 A_object_readLinkObjectEndQualifierAction [Association] ... 574 A_object_reclassifyObjectAction [Association] ... 574 A_object_startClassifierBehaviorAction [Association]... 574 A_object_startObjectBehaviorAction [Association] ... 575 A_object_structuralFeatureAction [Association] ... 575 A_object_unmarshallAction [Association] ... 575 A_oldClassifier_reclassifyObjectAction [Association] ... 575 A_onPort_invocationAction [Association] ... 576 A_operation_callOperationAction [Association] ... 576 A_outputElement_regionAsOutput [Association] ... 576 A_outputValue_opaqueAction [Association] ... 576 A_output_action [Association] ... 577 A_predecessorClause_successorClause [Association] ... 577 A_qualifier_linkEndData [Association] ... 577 A_qualifier_qualifierValue [Association] ... 577 A_qualifier_readLinkObjectEndQualifierAction [Association] ... 578 A_reducer_reduceAction [Association]... 578 A_removeAt_removeStructuralFeatureValueAction [Association] ... 578 A_removeAt_removeVariableValueAction [Association] ... 578

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A_replyToCall_replyAction [Association] ... 579 A_replyValue_replyAction [Association] ... 579 A_request_sendObjectAction [Association] ... 579 A_result_acceptEventAction [Association] ... 579 A_result_callAction [Association] ... 580 A_result_clearStructuralFeatureAction [Association] ... 580 A_result_conditionalNode [Association]... 580 A_result_createLinkObjectAction [Association] ... 580 A_result_createObjectAction [Association] ... 581 A_result_loopNode [Association] ... 581 A_result_readExtentAction [Association] ... 581 A_result_readIsClassifiedObjectAction [Association] ... 581 A_result_readLinkAction [Association] ... 582 A_result_readLinkObjectEndAction [Association] ... 582 A_result_readLinkObjectEndQualifierAction [Association] ... 582 A_result_readSelfAction [Association] ... 582 A_result_readStructuralFeatureAction [Association] ... 583 A_result_readVariableAction [Association] ... 583 A_result_reduceAction [Association] ... 583 A_result_testIdentityAction [Association] ... 583 A_result_unmarshallAction [Association]... 584 A_result_valueSpecificationAction [Association]... 584 A_result_writeStructuralFeatureAction [Association] ... 584 A_returnInformation_acceptCallAction [Association] ... 584 A_returnInformation_replyAction [Association] ... 585 A_second_testIdentityAction [Association] ... 585 A_setupPart_loopNode [Association] ... 585 A_signal_broadcastSignalAction [Association] ... 585 A_signal_sendSignalAction [Association] ... 586 A_structuralFeature_structuralFeatureAction [Association] ... 586 A_structuredNodeInput_structuredActivityNode [Association] ... 586 A_structuredNodeOutput_structuredActivityNode [Association]... 586 A_target_callOperationAction [Association] ... 587 A_target_destroyObjectAction [Association] ... 587 A_target_sendObjectAction [Association] ... 587 A_target_sendSignalAction [Association]... 587 A_test_clause [Association] ... 588 A_test_loopNode [Association] ... 588 A_trigger_acceptEventAction [Association] ... 588 A_unmarshallType_unmarshallAction [Association] ... 588 A_value_linkEndData [Association] ... 589 A_value_qualifierValue [Association] ... 589 A_value_valuePin [Association] ... 589 A_value_valueSpecificationAction [Association] ... 589

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A_value_writeStructuralFeatureAction [Association]... 590 A_value_writeVariableAction [Association]... 590 A_variable_scope [Association] ... 590 A_variable_variableAction [Association] ... 590 17 Interactions ... 592 17.1 Summary ... 592 17.1.1 Overview ... 592 17.1.2 Basic trace model ... 592 17.1.3 Partial ordering constraints on valid and invalid traces ... 593 17.1.4 Interaction Diagram Variants ... 593 17.2 Interactions ... 594 17.2.1 Summary ... 594 17.2.2 Abstract Syntax ... 594 17.2.3 Semantics ... 594 17.2.4 Notation... 595 17.2.5 Examples ... 597 17.3 Lifelines ... 598 17.3.1 Summary ... 598 17.3.2 Abstract Syntax ... 598 17.3.3 Semantics ... 599 17.3.4 Notation... 599 17.3.5 Examples ... 599 17.4 Messages ... 600 17.4.1 Summary ... 600 17.4.2 Abstract Syntax ... 600 17.4.3 Semantics ... 600 17.4.4 Notation... 603 17.4.5 Examples ... 605 17.5 Occurrences... 605 17.5.1 Summary ... 605 17.5.2 Abstract Syntax ... 606 17.5.3 Semantics ... 606 17.5.4 Notation... 606 17.5.5 Examples ... 607 17.6 Fragments ... 607 17.6.1 Summary ... 607 17.6.2 Abstract Syntax ... 608 17.6.3 Semantics ... 608 17.6.4 Notation... 611 17.6.5 Examples ... 612 17.7 Interaction Uses ... 617 17.7.1 Summary ... 617 17.7.2 Abstract Syntax ... 617 17.7.3 Semantics ... 617

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17.7.4 Notation... 618 17.7.5 Examples ... 619 17.8 Sequence Diagrams ... 622 17.8.1 Sequence Diagram Notation ... 622 17.8.2 Example Sequence Diagram ... 625 17.9 Communication Diagrams ... 626 17.9.1 Communication Diagram Notation ... 626 17.9.2 Example Communication Diagram... 628 17.10 Interaction Overview Diagrams ... 628 17.10.1 Interaction Overview Diagram Notation ... 628 17.10.2 Examples of Interaction Overview Diagrams ... 630 17.11 Timing Diagrams ... 630 17.11.1 Timing Diagram Notation ... 631 17.11.2 Examples of Timing Diagrams ... 632 17.12 Classifier Descriptions ... 634 ActionExecutionSpecification [Class] ... 634 BehaviorExecutionSpecification [Class] ... 634 CombinedFragment [Class] ... 635 ConsiderIgnoreFragment [Class] ... 636 Continuation [Class] ... 637 DestructionOccurrenceSpecification [Class] ... 638 ExecutionOccurrenceSpecification [Class] ... 638 ExecutionSpecification [Abstract Class] ... 639 Gate [Class] ... 639 GeneralOrdering [Class] ... 643 Interaction [Class] ... 643 InteractionConstraint [Class] ... 644 InteractionFragment [Abstract Class] ... 645 InteractionOperand [Class] ... 646 InteractionOperatorKind [Enumeration] ... 647 InteractionUse [Class] ... 648 Lifeline [Class]... 650 Message [Class] ... 652 MessageEnd [Abstract Class] ... 655 MessageKind [Enumeration] ... 656 MessageOccurrenceSpecification [Class] ... 657 MessageSort [Enumeration] ... 657 OccurrenceSpecification [Class] ... 658 PartDecomposition [Class] ... 658 StateInvariant [Class] ... 659 17.13 Association Descriptions ... 660 A_action_actionExecutionSpecification [Association] ... 660 A_action_interaction [Association] ... 660 A_actualGate_interactionUse [Association] ... 660

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A_argument_interactionUse [Association] ... 661 A_argument_message [Association] ... 661 A_before_toAfter [Association] ... 661 A_behavior_behaviorExecutionSpecification [Association] ... 661 A_cfragmentGate_combinedFragment [Association] ... 662 A_connector_message [Association] ... 662 A_covered_coveredBy [Association] ... 662 A_covered_events [Association] ... 662 A_covered_stateInvariant [Association] ... 663 A_decomposedAs_lifeline [Association] ... 663 A_execution_executionOccurrenceSpecification [Association] ... 663 A_finish_executionSpecification [Association] ... 663 A_formalGate_interaction [Association] ... 664 A_fragment_enclosingInteraction [Association] ... 664 A_fragment_enclosingOperand [Association]... 664 A_generalOrdering_interactionFragment [Association] ... 664 A_guard_interactionOperand [Association] ... 665 A_invariant_stateInvariant [Association] ... 665 A_lifeline_interaction [Association] ... 665 A_maxint_interactionConstraint [Association] ... 665 A_message_considerIgnoreFragment [Association] ... 666 A_message_interaction [Association] ... 666 A_message_messageEnd [Association]... 666 A_minint_interactionConstraint [Association] ... 666 A_operand_combinedFragment [Association] ... 667 A_receiveEvent_endMessage [Association] ... 667 A_refersTo_interactionUse [Association] ... 667 A_represents_lifeline [Association] ... 667 A_returnValueRecipient_interactionUse [Association] ... 668 A_returnValue_interactionUse [Association] ... 668 A_selector_lifeline [Association] ... 668 A_sendEvent_endMessage [Association] ... 668 A_signature_message [Association] ... 669 A_start_executionSpecification [Association] ... 669 A_toBefore_after [Association] ... 669 18 UseCases ... 670 18.1 Use Cases ... 670 18.1.1 Summary ... 670 18.1.2 Abstract Syntax ... 670 18.1.3 Semantics ... 670 18.1.4 Notation... 672 18.1.5 Examples ... 674 18.2 Classifier Descriptions ... 678 Actor [Class] ... 678

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Extend [Class] ... 678 ExtensionPoint [Class] ... 679 Include [Class] ... 680 UseCase [Class] ... 680 18.3 Association Descriptions ... 682 A_addition_include [Association] ... 682 A_condition_extend [Association] ... 682 A_extend_extension [Association] ... 682 A_extendedCase_extend [Association] ... 682 A_extensionLocation_extension [Association] ... 683 A_extensionPoint_useCase [Association] ... 683 A_include_includingCase [Association] ... 683 A_subject_useCase [Association] ... 683 19 Deployments ... 684 19.1 Summary ... 684 19.2 Deployments ... 684 19.2.1 Summary ... 684 19.2.2 Abstract Syntax ... 684 19.2.3 Semantics ... 684 19.2.4 Notation... 685 19.2.5 Examples ... 685 19.3 Artifacts... 687 19.3.1 Summary ... 687 19.3.2 Abstract Syntax ... 687 19.3.3 Semantics ... 687 19.3.4 Notation... 688 19.3.5 Examples ... 688 19.4 Nodes ... 689 19.4.1 Summary ... 689 19.4.2 Abstract Syntax ... 689 19.4.3 Semantics ... 689 19.4.4 Notation... 690 19.4.5 Examples ... 690 19.5 Classifier Descriptions ... 692 Artifact [Class] ... 692 CommunicationPath [Class] ... 693 DeployedArtifact [Abstract Class] ... 693 Deployment [Class] ... 693 DeploymentSpecification [Class] ... 694 DeploymentTarget [Abstract Class] ... 695 Device [Class] ... 696 ExecutionEnvironment [Class] ... 696 Manifestation [Class] ... 696 Node [Class]... 697

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19.6 Association Descriptions ... 697 A_configuration_deployment [Association] ... 697 A_deployedArtifact_deploymentForArtifact [Association] ... 697 A_deployedElement_deploymentTarget [Association] ... 698 A_deployment_location [Association] ... 698 A_manifestation_artifact [Association] ... 698 A_nestedArtifact_artifact [Association] ... 698 A_nestedNode_node [Association] ... 699 A_ownedAttribute_artifact [Association] ... 699 A_ownedOperation_artifact [Association] ... 699 A_utilizedElement_manifestation [Association] ... 699 20 InformationFlows ... 701 20.1 Information Flows ... 701 20.1.1 Summary ... 701 20.1.2 Abstract Syntax ... 701 20.1.3 Semantics ... 701 20.1.4 Notation... 702 20.1.5 Examples ... 703 20.2 Classifier Descriptions ... 705 InformationFlow [Class] ... 705 InformationItem [Class] ... 706 20.3 Association Descriptions ... 707 A_conveyed_conveyingFlow [Association] ... 707 A_informationSource_informationFlow [Association] ... 707 A_informationTarget_informationFlow [Association] ... 708 A_realization_abstraction_flow [Association] ... 708 A_realizingActivityEdge_informationFlow [Association] ... 708 A_realizingConnector_informationFlow [Association] ... 708 A_realizingMessage_informationFlow [Association] ... 709 A_represented_representation [Association] ... 709 21 Primitive Types ... 710 21.1 Summary ... 710 21.2 Semantics ... 710 21.3 Notation... 710 21.4 Examples ... 710 22 Standard Profile ... 712 22.1 Summary ... 712 22.2 Model ... 712 22.3 Standard Stereotypes ... 713 Annex A: Diagrams ... 716 Annex B: UML Diagram Interchange ... 720 B.1 Summary ... 720 B.2 Generic ... 721 B.2.1 Summary ... 721

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B.2.2 UML Diagrams and Diagram Elements ... 721 B.2.3 UML Shapes and Edges ... 722 B.2.4 Labels ... 723 B.2.5 Compartmentable Shapes... 724 B.2.6 Stereotype Applications ... 725 B.2.7 UML Styles ... 726 B.3 Structure ... 726 B.3.1 Summary ... 726 B.3.2 Structure Diagrams ... 727 B.3.3 Classifier Shapes ... 729 B.3.4 Multiplicity and Association End Labels ... 729 B.3.5 Association, Connector, and Link Shapes ... 730 B.4 Behavior ... 731 B.4.1 Summary ... 731 B.4.2 Behavior Diagrams ... 731 B.4.3 Activity Diagram Labels ... 734 B.4.4 State Shapes ... 736 B.4.5 Interaction Tables... 736 B.5 Information Flows ... 737 B.6 UML Notations and UML DI Representations ... 737 B.7 Classifier Descriptions ... 755 UMLActivityDiagram [Class] ... 755 UMLAssociationEndLabel [Class] ... 755 UMLAssociationOrConnectorOrLinkShape [Class] ... 756 UMLAssociationOrConnectorOrLinkShapeKind [Enumeration] ... 757 UMLBehaviorDiagram [Abstract Class] ... 757 UMLClassDiagram [Class] ... 758 UMLClassifierShape [Class] ... 758 UMLCompartment [Class] ... 759 UMLCompartmentableShape [Class] ... 759 UMLComponentDiagram [Class] ... 760 UMLCompositeStructureDiagram [Class] ... 760 UMLDeploymentDiagram [Class]... 760 UMLDiagram [Abstract Class] ... 761 UMLDiagramElement [Abstract Class] ... 762 UMLDiagramWithAssociations [Abstract Class] ... 762 UMLEdge [Class] ... 763 UMLInteractionDiagram [Class] ... 763 UMLInteractionDiagramKind [Enumeration] ... 764 UMLInteractionTableLabel [Class] ... 764 UMLInteractionTableLabelKind [Enumeration] ... 765 UMLKeywordLabel [Class] ... 766 UMLLabel [Class] ... 766 UMLMultiplicityLabel [Class] ... 767

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UMLNameLabel [Class] ... 767 UMLNavigabilityNotationKind [Enumeration] ... 767 UMLObjectDiagram [Class] ... 768 UMLPackageDiagram [Class] ... 768 UMLProfileDiagram [Class] ... 768 UMLRedefinesLabel [Class] ... 769 UMLShape [Class]... 769 UMLStateMachineDiagram [Class] ... 769 UMLStateShape [Class]... 770 UMLStereotypePropertyValueLabel [Class] ... 771 UMLStructureDiagram [Abstract Class] ... 772 UMLStyle [Class] ... 772 UMLTypedElementLabel [Class] ... 772 UMLUseCaseDiagram [Class] ... 773 B.8 Association Descriptions ... 773 A_UMLActivityDiagram_modelElement_umlDiagramElement [Association] ... 773 A_UMLAssociationEndLabel_modelElement_umlDiagramElement [Association] ... 773 A_UMLBehaviorDiagram_modelElement_umlDiagramElement [Association] ... 774 A_UMLClassifierShape_modelElement_umlDiagramElement [Association] ... 774 A_UMLCompartment_elementInCompartment_owningCompartment [Association] ... 774 A_UMLCompartmentableShape_compartmentedShape_shape [Association] ... 774 A_UMLDiagramElement_localStyle_styledElement [Association] ... 774 A_UMLDiagramElement_modelElement_umlDiagramElement [Association] ... 775 A_UMLDiagramElement_ownedElement_owningElement [Association]... 775 A_UMLDiagramElement_sharedStyle_styledElement [Association] ... 775 A_UMLDiagram_heading_headedDiagram [Association] ... 775 A_UMLEdge_source_sourceEdge [Association] ... 775 A_UMLEdge_target_targetEdge [Association] ... 776 A_UMLInteractionDiagram_modelElement_umlDiagramElement [Association] ... 776 A_UMLMultiplicityElement_modelElement_umlDiagramElement [Association] ... 776 A_UMLNameLabel_modelElement_umlDiagramElement [Association] ... 776 A_UMLRedefines_modelElement_umlDiagramElement [Association] ... 776 A_UMLStateMachine_modelElement_umlDiagramElement [Association] ... 777 A_UMLStateShape_modelElement_umlDiagramElement [Association]... 777 A_UMLStereotypePropertyValueLabel_modelElement_umlDiagramElement [Association] ... 777 A_UMLStereotypePropertyValueLabel_stereotypedElement_labelShowingStereotypeValue

[Association] ... 777 Annex C: Keywords ... 778 Annex D: Tabular Notation for Sequence Diagrams ... 781 Examples ... 782 Annex E: XMI Serialization and Schema ... 784 E.1 Summary ... 784 E.2 XMI Serialization of the UML 2 metamodel ... 784 E.3 XMI Serialization of the PrimitiveTypes model library ... 785

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E.4 XMI Serialization of the StandardProfile ... 785 E.5 XMI Serialization of the UMLDI ... 785

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Table of Figures

Figure 6.1 Semantic Areas of UML ... 6 Figure 7.1 Root ... 14 Figure 7.2 Comment notation ... 15 Figure 7.3 Templates ... 16 Figure 7.4 Template bindings ... 17 Figure 7.5 Namespaces ... 21 Figure 7.6 Template package with string parameters ... 24 Figure 7.7 Example of element import ... 25 Figure 7.8 Example of element import with aliasing ... 25 Figure 7.9 Examples of public and private package imports ... 25 Figure 7.10 Abstract syntax of types and multiplicity elements ... 26 Figure 7.11 Multiplicity within a textual specification ... 28 Figure 7.12 Multiplicity as an adornment to a symbol ... 28 Figure 7.13 Abstract Syntax of Constraints ... 29 Figure 7.14 Constraint in a note symbol ... 30 Figure 7.15 Constraint attached to an attribute ... 30 Figure 7.16 {xor} constraint ... 31 Figure 7.17 Abstract syntax of dependencies ... 31 Figure 7.18 Notation for a Dependency between two elements ... 32 Figure 7.19 An example of an «Instantiate» Dependency ... 33 Figure 7.20 An example of a «use» Dependency ... 33 Figure 7.21 An example of a realization Dependency ... 33 Figure 8.1 Literals ... 66 Figure 8.2 Expressions ... 68 Figure 8.3 Time and Duration ... 71 Figure 8.4 Intervals ... 74 Figure 8.5 Example of DurationConstraints and TimeConstraints ... 75 Figure 9.1 Classifiers ... 97 Figure 9.2 Generalization notation showing different target styles ... 101 Figure 9.3 Example of Substitution notation ... 101 Figure 9.4 Classifier Templates ... 102 Figure 9.5 Template Class and Bound Class ... 104 Figure 9.6 Anonymous Bound Class ... 104 Figure 9.7 Template Class with constrained Class parameter ... 105 Figure 9.8 Bound Class ... 105 Figure 9.9 Features... 106 Figure 9.10 Properties ... 111 Figure 9.11 Examples of attributes ... 115 Figure 9.12 Association-like notation for attributes ... 116 Figure 9.13 Operations... 117 Figure 9.14 Generalization Sets ... 121

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Figure 9.15 GeneralizationSets designated by name ... 122 Figure 9.16 GeneralizationSets designated by shared target ... 122 Figure 9.17 GeneralizationSet designated by dashed line spanning Generalization arrows ... 122 Figure 9.18 GeneralizationSet constraint notation with shared target style ... 123 Figure 9.19 GeneralizationSet constraint notation with dashed line style ... 123 Figure 9.20 Power type notation with shared target style ... 123 Figure 9.21 Power type notation with dashed line style ... 124 Figure 9.22 GeneralizationSet notation options... 124 Figure 9.23 GeneralizationSets and constraints ... 125 Figure 9.24 Power type example ... 125 Figure 9.25 More power type examples ... 126 Figure 9.26 More than one powertype ... 127 Figure 9.27 Instances ... 128 Figure 9.28 Specification of an Instance of String ... 130 Figure 9.29 Slots with values ... 130 Figure 9.30 InstanceSpecifications representing two objects connected by a link ... 131 Figure 9.31 InstanceValue represented textually ... 131 Figure 9.32 InstanceValue represented graphically ... 131 Figure 10.1 DataTypes ... 173 Figure 10.2 PrimitiveType Notation ... 174 Figure 10.3 DataType Notation ... 175 Figure 10.4 Enumeration Notation ... 175 Figure 10.5 Signals ... 175 Figure 10.6 Reception Notation ... 176 Figure 10.7 Interfaces ... 177 Figure 10.8 ISensor is a provided Interface of ProximitySensor ... 178 Figure 10.9 ISensor, a provided Interface of ProximitySensor, is shown as inherited by CapacitiveSensor 179 Figure 10.10 ISensor is a required Interface of TheftAlarm ... 179 Figure 10.11 Alternative notation for required and provided Interface ... 179 Figure 10.12 A set of collaborating Interfaces... 179 Figure 11.1 Structured Classifiers... 190 Figure 11.2 Parts and roles... 193 Figure 11.3 Parts and roles with Ports ... 193 Figure 11.4 Alternative notations for connecting parts and roles with Ports... 194 Figure 11.5 Associations compared with Connectors ... 194 Figure 11.6 "Star" Connector pattern ... 195 Figure 11.7 "Array" Connector pattern ... 195 Figure 11.8 An assembly Connector maps a simple Port of a Component to a matching simple Port of another Component. ... 196 Figure 11.9 An n-ary Connector that assembles four simple Ports using channeled ball-and-socket notation.

... 196 Figure 11.10 Encapsulated Classifiers ... 197 Figure 11.11 Port notation ... 199 Figure 11.12 Behavior Port notation ... 199

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Figure 11.13 Port notation showing multiple provided Interfaces ... 200 Figure 11.14 Port examples ... 200 Figure 11.15 Classes ... 201 Figure 11.16 Class notation variants ... 203 Figure 11.17 Class notation: attributes and Operations grouped according to visibility ... 203 Figure 11.18 Active Class ... 203 Figure 11.19 Connectors and Parts ... 204 Figure 11.20 Connectors and Parts in a structure diagram using multiplicities ... 204 Figure 11.21 An Instance of the Car Class ... 204 Figure 11.22 InstanceSpecification indicating a constructor ... 205 Figure 11.23 A constructor for the Car Class ... 205 Figure 11.24 Showing that the extended Class is a metaclass ... 205 Figure 11.25 Associations ... 206 Figure 11.26 Graphic notation indicating exactly one Association end owned by the Association ... 209 Figure 11.27 Binary and ternary Associations ... 211 Figure 11.28 Association ends with various adornments ... 211 Figure 11.29 Examples of navigable association-owned ends ... 212 Figure 11.30 Examples of class-owned ends ... 213 Figure 11.31 Example of attribute notation for navigable end owned by an end Class ... 213 Figure 11.32 Derived supersets (union) ... 213 Figure 11.33 Composite aggregation is depicted as a black diamond ... 214 Figure 11.34 Composite aggregation sharing a source segment... 214 Figure 11.35 Example AssociationClass Job, which is defined between the two Classes Person and

Company. ... 214 Figure 11.36 Example AssociationClass using diamond symbol ... 215 Figure 11.37 Qualified associations ... 215 Figure 11.37 Components ... 216 Figure 11.38 Example of an overview diagram showing Components and their general Dependencies ... 218 Figure 11.39 A Component with two provided and three required Interfaces ... 219 Figure 11.40 Black box notation showing a listing of provided and required interfaces ... 219 Figure 11.41 Optional “white-box” representation of a Component ... 219 Figure 11.42 Explicit representation of provided and required Interfaces using Dependency notation. ... 220 Figure 11.43 A representation of the realization of a complex Component ... 220 Figure 11.44 An alternative nested representation of a complex Component ... 220 Figure 11.45 Example model of a Component, its provided and required Interfaces, and wiring through Dependencies. ... 221 Figure 11.46 Internal structure of a Component ... 221 Figure 11.47 Delegation Connectors connect externally provided Interfaces to the parts that realize or require them. ... 222 Figure 11.48 Collaborations... 222 Figure 11.49 The internal structure of the Observer Collaboration ... 224 Figure 11.50 Alternative notation for the parts of the Observer Collaboration. ... 225 Figure 11.51 The Sale Collaboration ... 225 Figure 11.52 The BrokeredSale Collaboration ... 225

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Figure 11.53 A subset of the BrokeredSale Collaboration using «occurrence» and Dependency arrows ... 226 Figure 12.1 Packages ... 252 Figure 12.2 Illustration of the Meaning of Package Merge ... 253 Figure 12.3 Conceptual View of the Package Merge Semantics ... 254 Figure 12.4 Notation for Package Merge ... 259 Figure 12.5 Examples of a Package with Members ... 260 Figure 12.6 Simple Example of Package Merge ... 260 Figure 12.7 Simple Example of Transformed Packages Following the Merges ... 261 Figure 12.8 Introducing Additional Package Merges ... 261 Figure 12.9 Result of the Additional Package Merges ... 262 Figure 12.10 Three Models Representing Parts of a System ... 262 Figure 12.11 Two Views of One System Collected in a Container Model ... 262 Figure 12.12 Profiles ... 264 Figure 12.13 Using the HomeExample Profile to Extend a Model ... 268 Figure 12.14 Specification of an Available Metaclass ... 269 Figure 12.15 MOF Model Equivalent to Extending "Interface" by the "Home" Stereotype ... 272 Figure 12.16 Example of Multiple Metaclass Extension ... 272 Figure 12.17 MOF Model Equivalent to Multiple Metaclass Extension ... 272 Figure 12.18 The Notation for an Extension ... 273 Figure 12.19 Example of Using an Extension ... 275 Figure 12.20 Example of a Required Extension ... 275 Figure 12.21 Defining a Simple EJB Profile ... 275 Figure 12.22 Importing a Package from a Profile ... 276 Figure 12.23 Profiles Applied to a Package ... 276 Figure 12.24 Defining a Stereotype ... 276 Figure 12.25 Presentation Options for an Extended Class ... 277 Figure 12.26 An Instance Diagram when Defining a Stereotype ... 277 Figure 12.27 Defining Multiple Stereotypes on Multiple Stereotypes ... 277 Figure 12.28 Using a Stereotype ... 278 Figure 12.29 Showing Values of Stereotypes and a Simple Instance Specification ... 278 Figure 12.30 Using Stereotypes and Showing Values ... 278 Figure 12.31 Other Notational Forms for Depicting Stereotype Values ... 278 Figure 12.32 Example of a Profile defining Classes and binary composite and non-composite Associations ... 279 Figure 12.33 Diagram example of applying a profile defining Classes and Associations and of creating instances of such Classes. Tools can provide a notation similar to that of object diagrams for instances of Profile-defined Classes, DataTypes and Associations ... 282 Figure 13.1 Behaviors ... 299 Figure 13.2 Events ... 304 Figure 14.1 Behavior StateMachines ... 320 Figure 14.2 Compound transition example ... 332 Figure 14.3 Notation for a composite State with Regions ... 333 Figure 14.4 State notation ... 333 Figure 14.5 State with a name tab ... 334

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Figure 14.6 State with compartments ... 334 Figure 14.7 Composite State with two States ... 336 Figure 14.8 Composite State with a hidden decomposition indicator icon ... 336 Figure 14.9 Composite State with Regions... 336 Figure 14.10 Composite State with two Regions and entry, exit, and do Behaviors... 337 Figure 14.11 Submachine State example ... 338 Figure 14.12 StateMachine with an exit point as part of the StateMachine graph ... 339 Figure 14.13 StateMachine with an exit point on the border ... 339 Figure 14.14 Submachine Sate that uses an exit point... 340 Figure 14.15 State list notation option ... 340 Figure 14.16 Diagram equivalent to Figure 14.15 without using statelists ... 341 Figure 14.17 FinalState notation ... 341 Figure 14.18 initial Pseudostate ... 341 Figure 14.19 shallowHistory Pseudostate ... 341 Figure 14.20 deepHistory Pseudostate ... 341 Figure 14.21 entryPoint Pseudostate ... 342 Figure 14.22 exitPoint Pseudostate ... 342 Figure 14.23 entryPoint and exitPoints on a composite State ... 342 Figure 14.24 junction Pseudostate with incoming and outgoing Transitions ... 343 Figure 14.25 choice Pseudostates ... 343 Figure 14.26 terminate Pseudostate... 343 Figure 14.27 fork and join Pseudostates ... 344 Figure 14.28 Entry point ConnectionPointReference notation ... 344 Figure 14.29 Exit point ConnectionPointReference notation ... 344 Figure 14.30 Alternative entry point ConnectionPointReference notation ... 345 Figure 14.31 Alternative exit point ConnectionPointReference notation ... 345 Figure 14.32 Symbols for Signal reception, Sending, and Actions on a Transition ... 347 Figure 14.33 Deferred Trigger notation ... 348 Figure 14.34 Local Transitions ... 349 Figure 14.35 External Transitions... 349 Figure 14.36 StateMachine diagram representing a telephone ... 350 Figure 14.37 StateMachine redefinition ... 351 Figure 14.38 A general StateMachine ... 353 Figure 14.39 An extended StateMachine ... 353 Figure 14.40 Adding Transitions ... 354 Figure 14.41 ProtocolStateMachines ... 355 Figure 14.42 An example of a ProtocolTransition associated with the operation "m1" ... 357 Figure 14.43 Example of several ProtocolTransitions associated with the same operation (m1) ... 357 Figure 14.44 ProtocolStateMachine example ... 358 Figure 14.45 Notation for a State with an invariant... 359 Figure 14.46 ProtocolTransition notation ... 359 Figure 15.1 Activities... 390 Figure 15.2 Activity notation ... 395 Figure 15.3 Activity class notation ... 396