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The Significance and Function of Ocarina Art in Music Education Reform in Normal University

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2019 International Conference on Computation and Information Sciences (ICCIS 2019) ISBN: 978-1-60595-644-2

The Significance and Function of Ocarina

Art in Music Education Reform in

Normal University

Yihua Yuan

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the ocarina, a unique wind instrument, is gaining popularity all over the world at a fast speed. It is sweet and rich in penetrating timbre with colorful modeling design. And it is simple and easy to learn. These characteristics attract many music lovers. Compared with other wind instruments, the unique characteristics of ocarina have become the biggest advantage of music quality cultivation.

With the vigorous development of China's economic construction and education and the continuous improvement of people's living standards as well as the concept of life. The study of instrumental music art has become most people's pursuit of spiritual life and it is also an important way and means for parents to cultivate children's music quality.

Although the ocarina has a close historical origin with ancient Xun in China and it is also inherited by China's mud whistle and toot. It is not very popular in China. On the contrary, in South Korea, Japan and even Italy, which has only a few hundred years of history, it has developed very well and enjoyed high popularity. As an ordinary music educator, the author needs to think deeply from many aspects: how to motivate Chinese people to have more interested in knowledge and understanding of ocarina; How to play a huge influence on the teaching of Musical Instruments in primary and secondary schools widely; How to create a strong artistic atmosphere of ocarina in domestic colleges and universities and how important it is to the cultivation of college students' artistic accomplishment; How to set up the professional course of ocarina in music professional college. Therefore, as lovers of ocarina art and educators of music, the development methods of ocarina art in China are worth thinking and exploring together.

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1. HISTORICAL REVIEW OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF OCARINA

Ocarina means "goose" in Italian dialect, also known as porcelain flute, earth flute, etc. When it comes to ocarina, people will think of ancient Chinese "clay" wind instrument -- ancient xun, so much so that it is called "foreign Xun" in Taiwan and Hong Kong.

In recent years, many experts at home and abroad have demonstrated the origin of ocarina. It is an indisputable fact that ocarina originated from ancient Xun in China and belongs to Chinese national musical instrument. It is also recognized by experts and scholars at home and abroad. Ocarina was developed from ancient Xun in China. What kind of development did it go through?

Ancient Chinese Musical Instruments are divided into leather, robe, wood, earth, bamboo, silk, stone and gold according to their materials. Ancient Xun is one of the ‘earth music instruments’ and belongs to the earth closed wind instrument. It was an important representative instrument in ancient Chinese elegant music. It began in Shang dynasty, flourished in Zhou dynasty, failed in Han dynasty and failed in Qing dynasty. Although the ocarina is evolved from ancient Xun and belongs to the same kind of closed wind instrument, the two sound medium is completely different. Xun is pronounced by a specific mouth shape, while the ocarina has a whistle and is easier to pronounce and control. It is made of clay and has 1 to 3 sound holes. As they were not burned, few cultural relics survived. The oldest Ocarina, Wudu, was found in Hubei province, China, which has a history of nearly 3,000 years. The internal structure of Wudu is exactly the same as the modern ocarina. Its timbre is mellow. To sum up, ocarina is the wisdom of human civilization and the common wealth of the whole world. In various periods of history, the prototype of ocarina appeared all over the world, but the history of Chinese ocarina is undoubtedly the oldest and longest.

2. CURRENT DEVELOPMENT STATUS OF OCARINA IN CHINA

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November 2007, the first professional committee of ocarina was established in Fujian province. In the following few years, under the leadership of Lai dafu, Lin ye, Zhao hongxiao and other ocarina artists and musicians, China national orchestra association ocarina art committee was formally established on July 8, 2010. In 2017, Xiamen University recruited all the undergraduates from all over the country, which was a historic landmark moment in the development of China's ocarina art and made Chinese ocarina become the most important part of the world's ocarina. It made a great historic contribution to the inheritance and sublimation of ocarina art.

The establishment of China ocarina art committee, the publication of various teaching materials for ocarina performance and the establishment of ocarina art social examination make a large number of domestic music education workers and ocarina lovers start their interest of ocarina. They learn to study and think about how to make the ocarina art the best inheritance and development in China, even in the middle and primary school music education can like clarinet, thus gained popularity by way of "instrumental music into the classroom. The author has been engaged in the teaching of brass music, band ensemble and rehearsal for 10 years. In 2012, I came into contact with ocarina by chance and became attached to it ever since. In a short period of four years, our college offers the elective course of ocarina instrumental music for undergraduates, which is also the first university in Sichuan to offer the elective course of ocarina instrumental music. During this period, the author thinks and summarizes the experience of ocarina course teaching and performance as well as combined with the actual situation of instrumental music teaching in the regional primary school. The author will discuss the problems of the art of pottery flute in music education reform in normal universities in the following chapters.

3. MUSIC EDUCATION AND TRAINING DIRECTION OF NORMAL UNIVERSITY SHOULD EFFECTIVELY SERVE LOCAL EDUCATION

During the 14 years engaged in music education, the author focused on about how to cultivate an excellent music teacher. Besides that, in recent years, under the guidance of the state to vigorously promote the traditional Chinese culture into the campus, the author more focus on the project direction of "Chinese ethnic Musical Instruments into the classroom". Now, the local primary and secondary school education reform has been fully launched. The new curriculum standards require teachers and students to form a positive interaction in the classroom. Every teacher should carry out classroom teaching with a brand-new teaching concept and method. Therefore, how to stimulate students' interest in music classroom has become the focus of attention of teachers and schools. English curriculum standard explicitly pointed out that, instrumental music playing is a great help to stimulate students' interest. It is worth to take effort that introduce ocarina into traditional folk music class with considering the actual teaching situation and improve the students' music quality,.

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choice of instrumental music into the classroom should adapt to the children’s interesting, such as instruments with pleasant tone, popular and easy to learn. As an ancient Chinese musical instrument with strong popularization, the author thinks it is necessary to introduce the ocarina into music classes in various schools.

Combined with the basic music education of local primary and secondary schools, normal colleges and universities are the cradle to cultivate and reserve primary and secondary school teachers. The point is how to carry out basic music teaching effectively. First of all, the training direction and goal of normal colleges and universities should be clear. Secondly, what kind of teachers should be cultivated for all kinds of majors, how to cultivate an excellent teacher, and how to train teachers who are immediately qualified for teaching positions before students graduate and take up their posts. These are worth every teacher education workers in the continuous teaching practice to think and reform.

From the perspective of music education discipline (curriculum), it can be classified into music education major as well as preschool and primary education major. In music professional category, more than 99% of the schools and departments are trained mainly in piano, vocal music and other traditional Musical Instruments. The course of Musical Instruments in primary and secondary schools are completely ignored. After graduation, students' teaching is mainly based on singing and appreciation classes. Even teachers majoring in instrumental music cannot effectively teach instrumental music in large class and cannot enable children to effectively participate in the instrumental music class. In schools and departments of preschool and primary education majors, music courses offer music theory, musical instrument and dance courses, but they are all taught in the form of large classes and students do not have solid foundation before entering the school. In the current situation of the serious shortage of instrument teachers and the single training direction, it is even more impossible to offer other instrumental music courses.

4. EFFECTIVE TEACHING STAFF CONSTRUCTION IS THE FUNDAMENTAL TO ACHIEVE THE EDUCATION REFORM

As an important part of music education reform in all kinds of normal colleges and universities, the art of ocarina enriches the construction of music subject content through the integration of music teaching form. It plays an important role in the development of musical instrument teaching in primary and secondary schools.

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5. CONCLUSIONS

The characteristics of ocarina make it easy for the public to accept and love, which is the ideal instrument for music classroom in primary and secondary schools (inside and outside class). It is easy to learn but with rich expression. All these characteristics allow ocarina to have great advantages in varies of music instruments. In the learning process, both simple music and complex harmony can be played by ocarina. The variety of the range and timbre of different ocarina determines that it can play music works of any style. This feature has a strong attraction to children and can stimulate their interest in learning ocarina as well as enrich their dull learning life, so that children can improve the efficiency of cultural learning in the relaxed and pleasant learning process of ocarina.

In a word, the art of ocarina is of incalculable practical significance in music education and teaching reform in normal universities. It plays an important and decisive role in the overall improvement of students' majors. The establishment of ocarina art courses in normal universities and the cultivation and construction of excellent ocarina teachers have a profound influence and significance on the overall quality cultivation of local children effectively. And we have the obligation and responsibility to complete this historical mission—"explore the past life of the ocarina, inherit the ancient rhyme of China's millennium".

REFERENCES

1. Dafu Lai, "The origin of Chinese pottery flute".

2. Longxing Gu, Lecture notes of 2016 national flute examination instructor training class of

China national orchestra association.

3. Shanqi Yuan, 2001.8. "Basic theory and teaching practice of music education," Huazhong

References

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