cloud radiative forcing
Two layers cloud radiative forcing model
... Cloud radiative forcing (CRF) is the difference between net irradiances measure the average atmospheric conditions and those measured in the mists of clouds for a similar locale and time ...of ...
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Uncertainty in the magnitude of aerosol-cloud radiative forcing over recent decades
... CAE forcing uncertainty since the preindustrial ...CAE forcing variance in recent decades, where the atmosphere at both the start and end of the forcing period can be considered polluted relative to ...
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ESMValTool (v1.0) – a community diagnostic and performance metrics tool for routine evaluation of Earth system models in CMIP
... mean cloud properties from the CMIP3 and CMIP5 models show large biases compared to observa- tions (Chen et ...relevant cloud variables such as cloud radiative forcing, liquid and ice ...
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The initiation of modern soft and hard Snowball Earth climates in CCSM4
... dynamics, cloud radiative forcing and less snow over land that suppresses the spread of the sea ice and promotes the ex- istence of open-water equatorial oceans in ...
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Importance of tropospheric volcanic aerosol for indirect radiative forcing of climate
... the cloud albedo radiative forcing under pre-industrial (PI) and present-day (PD) ...mean cloud droplet number concentrations by 40 % under PI conditions, but by only 10 % under PD ...mean ...
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The global aerosol–climate model ECHAM6.3–HAM2.3 – Part 2: Cloud evaluation, aerosol radiative forcing, and climate sensitivity
... 1989). Cloud microphysics is rep- resented by a two-moment scheme described in Lohmann et ...nostic cloud cover scheme to enhance the cloud cover for ma- rine stratocumulus clouds (Mauritsen et ...of ...
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Black carbon radiative forcing in south Mexico City, 2015
... Ramaswamy V, Boucher O, Haigh J, Hauglustaine D, Haywood J, Myhre G, Nakajima T, Shi GY, Solomon S. 2001. Radiative forcing of climate change. In: Cli- mate Change 2001: The scientific basis. Contribution ...
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Radiative forcing and feedback by forests in warm climates – a sensitivity study
... the radiative forcing of forests and the feedbacks triggered by forests in a warm, basically ice-free climate and in a cool climate with permanent high-latitude ice cover using the Max Planck Institute for ...
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Retention and radiative forcing of black carbon in eastern Sierra Nevada snow
... enhance radiative forcing in the eastern Sierra Nevada’s spring snowpack ...greater forcing than rBC based on modeling re- sults of each ...tration, radiative forcing, and melt has been ...
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Disproportionately strong climate forcing from extratropical explosive volcanic eruptions
... injection, aerosol evolution and radiative forcing of any major volcanic eruption, making it a.. standard modeling validation experiment.[r] ...
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and orbital forcing between 1000 and 1850 AD in the IPSLCM4 model
... associated radiative forcing is null when averaged at annual and global scale (only influenced by changes in eccentricity, negligible during the last millen- nium), but can be important when considering ...
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Comments on "Rethinking the Lower Bound on Aerosol Radiative Forcing"
... the radiative response is in- creasingly buffered and more sensitive clean/pristine re- gions that are progressively affected by new ...global radiative forcing could respond line- arly to aerosol ...
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Radiative forcing determination depending on MISR data and Fu-Liou Model
... the radiative forcing at bottom (BOA) and top (TOA) of ...of radiative forcing at bottom of atmosphere vary from -50 to -90 w/m 2 except at the mid of January decreased to -140 w/m 2 nearly ...
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The Radiative Forcing Model Intercomparison Project (RFMIP): experimental protocol for CMIP6
... effective radiative forcing will refine understanding of how the Earth system responds to forc- ing, but the potentially knotty relationships between radia- tive forcing and response suggest value in ...
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Causes of the Global Warming Observed since the 19th Century
... We have used two methods—Singular Spectrum Analy- sis (SSA) of the instrumental temperature records and simulations using our Simple Climate Model (SCM)—to investigate the causes of the global temperature increase since ...
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A quantitative approach to evaluating the GWP timescale through implicit discount rates
... the radiative ef- ficiency of methane; while this led to a doubling of the esti- mated damage ratio, it also led to a doubling of the estimated GWP such that the change in estimated timescale was about 1/10 of 1 ...
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Climate system response to stratospheric sulfate aerosols: sensitivity to altitude of aerosol layer
... SW forcing due to absorption and downward reflec- tion of the upward ...net radiative forcing is nearly independent of the altitude of injection de- spite an increase in the sedimentation time with ...
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Recommendations for diagnosing effective radiative forcing from climate models for CMIP6
... of radiative forcing ...Effective radiative forcing (ERF) is easier to diagnose than traditional radiative forcing in global climate models (GCMs) and is more representative of ...
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Natural aerosol direct and indirect radiative effects
... Earth’s radiative balance through the scattering and absorption of shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiation (the aerosol direct effect) and through in fl uencing the formation and properties of clouds, altering ...
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Cloud adjustment and its role in CO 2 radiative forcing and climate sensitivity: a review
... on radiative forcing and equilibrium climate ...that cloud adjustment contributes ...evaluate cloud adjustments, highlight the mechanisms and processes involved and identify low level ...
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