Intelligent transportation system

technology, Visible Light Communication which uses LED light as transmitter and receiver use is photo-detector. Intelligent Transportation System using this VLC can help to develop traffic control which is eco friendly. In existing methods, cellular networks were used along with short range communication which is dedicated which works on radio frequency. As an alternative to this, a method of combining Wi-Fi along with Li-Fi is proposed in system which uses Intelligent Transportation. This combination is why because, total eradication of RF-based technology is not possible but the two technologies could be used complementarily to create more efficient, future and green proof access network. In this paper communication between vehicle to device and vice versa and inter-vehicles communication completely with Li-Fi is proposed

In this paper, a circular monopole antenna is proposed and investigated. The geometric antenna dimensions are maintained to obtain a bandwidth of 10 MHz and acceptable radiation pattern properties. In addition to these, the antenna can cover intelligent transportation system application. A strip line and CPW-fed antenna not only performs better with respect to bandwidth and radiation pattern, but also is easily manufactured, which has increased its importance. Recently, there are rapid developments in wireless communications, in order to satisfy the IEEE ITS standards in the 5 GHz band [3].

The Interest in ITS comes from the problems caused by traffic congestion and a interaction of new information technology for simulation, real-time control, and communications networks. Traffic congestion has been increasing worldwide as a result of increased motorization, urbanization, population growth, and changes in population density Congestion reduces efficiency of transportation infrastructure and increases travel time, air pollution, and fuel consumption. Universal query for travel information in intelligent transportation system provide us useful and timely travel information to traveller or passengers to eliminate unnecessary travel and optimise the traffics of transportation system. Through universal query we have to find shortest distance between two cities or source to destination so that the problems of delay due to congestion can be solved.

This thesis aims to realize vision-based vehicle detection and tracking in the Intelligent Transportation System. First, it introduces the methods for vehicle detection and tracking. Next, it establishes the sensor fusion framework of the system, including dynamic model and sensor model. Then, it simulates the traffic scene at a crossroad by a driving simulator, where the research target is one single car, and the traffic scene is ideal. YOLO Neural Network is applied to the image sequence for vehicle detection. Kalman filter method, extended Kalman filter method, and particle filter method are utilized and compared for vehicle tracking. The Following part is the practical experiment where there are multiple vehicles at the same time, and the traffic scene is in real life with various interference factors. YOLO Neural Network combined with OpenCV is adopted to realize real-time vehicle detection. Kalman filter and extended Kalman filter are applied for vehicle tracking; an identification algorithm is proposed to solve the occlusion of the vehicles. The effects of process noise as well as measurement noise are analysed using variable-controlling approach. Additionally, perspective transformation is illustrated and implemented to transfer the coordinates from the image plane to the ground plane. If the vision-based vehicle detection and tracking can be realized and popularized in daily lives, vehicle information can be shared among infrastructures, vehicles, and users, so as to build interactions inside the Intelligent Transportation System.

Vehicular networking has significant potential to enable many different applications related to traffic safety and traffic efficiency within Intelligent Transportation System. In this paper, cloud-based vehicular network architecture is proposed such that the vehicles can share computation resources, storage resources and bandwidth resources. The proposed architecture includes four types of cloud: a vehicular cloud, a roadside cloud, a cellular cloud and a central cloud. Then, a video capture service based on the proposed architecture is presented. Vehicular cloud is used to provide a video capture service of specific location, moving vehicle or route. It sends the captured video to a customer and the other available cloud to be used for further investigation. Resource allocation and management algorithms are proposed to handle the continuity of video capture with minimum service disruption. The proposed service is implemented using a test bed.

ABSTRACT: Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) is a particular class of Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) where vehicles are taken as MANET nodes with wireless connections. The design of effective routing protocols in Vehicular routing protocols is a main problem for supporting the smart Intelligent Transportation System ITS. Available MANET routing protocols are not appropriate for VANET. In this paper we measure V-AODV a extended version of AODV (Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector) particularly produced for Vehicular Ad-hoc networks (VANETs). V-AODV is planned to operate with a complicated cross layered metric depending on both Bit Error Rate (BER) and delay from node to node coming from the physical layer. We also indicate that when utilizing a routing metric depending on BER and delay, the first parameter is more concerned in terms of QoS as compared to the second one.

Abstract - Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a one form of wireless networks. It is used for communication between vehicles on roads. The conventional routing protocols are suitable for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). But it’s poorly in VANETs. As communication links break often happen in VANETs compare than in MANETs, the reliable routing is more difficult in the VANET. Research work has been done to the routing reliability of VANETs on highways. In this paper, we use the intelligent transportation system for VANETs. The intelligent transportation system helps to capture the future positions of the vehicles and determines the reliable routes preemptively. This paper is the first to propose an intelligent transportation system gives reliable routing process. A new mechanism is developed to find the vehicles information from the source vehicle to the destination vehicle. Through the simulation results, that the proposed scheme significantly give good result compare than other literature survey .

Abstract: Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a one form of wireless networks. It is used for communication between vehicles on roads. The conventional routing protocols are suitable for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). But it‟s poorly in VANETs. As communication links break often happen in VANETs compare than in MANETs, the reliable routing is more difficult in the VANET. Research work has been done to the routing reliability of VANETs on highways. In this paper, we use the intelligent transportation system for VANETs. The intelligent transportation system helps to capture the future positions of the vehicles and determines the reliable routes preemptively. This paper is the first to propose an intelligent transportation system gives reliable routing process. A new mechanism is developed to find the vehicles information from the source vehicle to the destination vehicle. Through the simulation results, that the proposed scheme significantly give good result compare than other literature survey.

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) as they are being used for many applications. One of the important application of VANET is in Intelligent Transportation systems (ITS). It consists of vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications based on wireless local area networks. Traffic accidents and congestion problems are becoming more worse these days. Because of vast number of vehicles on road, transportation sector is significantly stressed, this leads to more accidents and fatalities, and adverse environmental and economic impact. One of the solution to all these problems is to have an intelligent transportation systems, which will help to avoid traffic related problems and can make our life easier. Many techniques have been developed in the field of vehicular ad hoc networks, but they are not that efficient and face a lot of problems at the time of implementation. This paper gives an overview of the past few techniques in this field and presents a real–time intelligent transportation system based on VANET, which addresses the issues of earlier techniques. This technique is based on the RFID and ARM controller to minimize the traffic congestion with proper signal control, at the same time, path planning will take place to provide the vehicles with suitable path having minimum traffic with the help of android mobile application.

According to city public transit problem characteristic, the main body of a paper has been submitted and has worked out one kind of based on the Internet of things frame Intelligent transportation system. That system collects data by vehicle terminal and uploads data to the server through the network and makes data visible to the consumer passing an algo- rithm in the server. One aspect, the consumer may inquire about public transit vehicle information by Web. On another aspect, the consumer can know public transit vehicle information by station terminal. The experiments have tested that the Intelligent transportation system can offer public transit vehicle information to many consumers with convenient way thereby this system can solve the city mass transit problem.

Accuracy in Image feature extraction is a mandatory in the field of Computer Vision. The Image feature detection is based on Shape, Pattern and color. Feature extraction of image become complex with homogeneous type of image and it can be extended to the field of Robotics as Artificial intelligence. In Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) it is very important to recognize the type of a detected object in order to track reliably and estimate traffic Parameters correctly. Image boundary extraction and background elimination is implemented with help of gray code conversion.

Every day, lot of people die, and lot of people are injured in traffic accidents across the world. The need to enhance road safety information among vehicles to prevent accidents and also enhance road safety was the significant motivation behind the growth of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). VANETs are a predicting technology which makes enable interactions between vehicles on roads. They are a particular kind of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) that offer vehicle-to-vehicle communications. It is considered that every vehicle is fitted with a wireless communication services to offer ad hoc network connectivity. VANETs have tendency to operate without any infrastructure, each and every network vehicle can forward, obtain messages to other network vehicles. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) that will change our manner to drive and support emergency facilities. VANETs permit vehicles to easily interact with one another and also with static infrastructure. This will not only enhance the complete road safety, but also raise novel commercial opportunities.

Intelligent Transportation System can be defined as the application of information technology to the field of transportation for achieving safety as well as mobility while reducing the environmental impact of transportation. Intelligent Transportation System consists of wide range of communication, control, vehicle sensing and electronics technologies that is helpful in monitoring and managing traffic flow, providing optimum routes to travelers, reducing congestion. ITS helps in saving lives, time and money. ITS is a smart technology and contains wide range of technology and functions such as communications like Microwave, Internet, Bluetooth. Also it depends on technologies like Camera System and Artificial Vision, Detection and Classification, Data Acquisition and Exchange and Geographical Locations. ITS is designed for all types of road transport organization including urban, state as well as private road transportation. The

Rapid vehicular growth partnered with ever increasing population, rural to urban migration and economic upsurge has put immense amount of pressure on transportation infrastructure, especially on traffic management practices in urban India. Intelligent transportation system (ITS) is a well-known method to simplify, or nevertheless minimize traffic problems. Intelligent transportation system (ITS) refers to integrated application of communication, control and information processing technologies to the transportation infrastructure and vehicles. ITS is based on the collection, processing, integration and dissemination of information, based on static and real-time data obtained from sensors on-board vehicles. In this work, IoT based Intelligent Transportation System is proposed which aims to locate and navigate the position of CIT college bus. Also, it aims to provide user understandable through MIT app Inventor app, Google Map API and Thing speak cloud. The proposed systems is integrated with GPS and cloud technology together and transfer the real time live streaming data to cloud server. The GPS module is used to get geographic coordinates at regular time intervals and the vehicle location is updated to Thing-speak cloud IoT server using NodeMCU. Mobile application has been developed which is used to provide the details to the user regarding the bus location using his smart phone via Google map. Also, it allows the user to monitor the location of the college bus in anywhere around the world using mobile app /web browser. The proposed system has been implemented using Arduino IDE and MIT app Inventor.

The significance of conjoining M2M and intercloud communication is two- fold. First, it enables intelligent interactions between cloud-to consumer for several IoT applications such as intelligent transportation system and the other is to model the economics of cloud services. Being this work first to model the coalition between multiple devices and multiple cloud based on data stream distribution with approximation to achieve perfect equilibrium has high payoff. This game-theoretic approach for modeling such a vast system will lay the foundation of IoT economics.

Purpose: An Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) must be able to predict traffic speed for short time intervals into the future along the branches between the many nodes in a traffic network in near real time using as few observed and stored speed values as possible. Such predictions support timely ITS reactions to changing traffic conditions such as accidents or volume-induced slowdowns and include re-routing advice and time-to-destination estimations. Design/methodology/approach: Traffic sensors are embedded in the interstate highway system in Detroit, Michigan, USA, and metropolitan area. The set of sensors used in this project is along interstate highway 75 (I-75) southbound from the intersection with interstate highway 696 (I-696). Data from the sensors including speed, volume, and percent of sensor occupancy, were supplied in one minute intervals by the Michigan Intelligent Transportation Systems Center (MITSC). Hierarchical linear regression was used to develop a speed prediction model that requires only the current and one previous speed value to predict speed up to 30 minutes in the future. The model was validated by comparison to collected data with the mean relative error and the median error as the primary metrics.

Abstract--In the current era, the size as well as the dimensions of traffic is increasing to a huge extend now days. The traffic system throughout the world is making use of technology for tracking, monitoring, congestion control and many other applications. The issue of congestion is very common in big cities where thousands of automobile systems are running on the roads. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) and global positioning systems are widely used for security, integrity and overall performance of the vehicular networks in the big cities. As far as technology is there, the big issue comes about the security, cracking of security codes or jamming the network which is controlling the complete GPS or VANET. Ubiquitous computing is one of the recent technologies that is under phase of implementation under Internet of Things (IoT). In Ubiquitous computing, there is machine to machine communication and this is the main point addressed in this manuscript. In this paper, an effective model for the intelligence transportation system (ITS) is proposed addressing the aspects of security, integrity and performance towards VANET and GPS [3] are pointed out and solved using smart firewall based integration of wireless sensor nodes. In this scenario, each vehicle shall communicate with the local base station and these signals shall be monitored and logged by the satellite as in the wireless sensor networks. In this paper, the integration of Firewall Technology, VANET and GPS is proposed that makes the overall vehicular network infrastructure secured and in high performance.

inter-vehicle and between vehicle and infrastructure in transportation applications. Bluetooth is currently the most widely used automotive wireless technology for in-vehicle communication and Wi-Fi is used for vehicle to vehicle communication by several pilot research projects, e.g., the Car2Car consortium Ultra Wide Band (UWB) is an emerging wireless technology that uses a very large bandwidth. It is targeted for multimedia networking whereas 802.11 networks address data networking. Intelligent collision avoidance and cruise control systems can be developed using UWB technology as those systems need high ranging accuracy and target differentiation capabilities. UWB technology can also be integrated into vehicle entertainment systems by downloading high- rate data from road-side infrastructure UWB transmitters. Communication Air-interface, Long and Medium range (CALM) has many potential applications in V2V and V2I communication. ZigBee will be able to fill the gap left by these other technologies, mainly in the interconnection of wireless sensor devices with vehicles and infrastructure. The ZigBee standard has evolved since its original release in 2004 and it is a low cost low power wireless networking standard for sensors and control device

Firstly, emerging vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) can be used to deliver on ITS system with improved communications capabilities for obtaining real-time traffic information more efficiently and in a cost-effective manner [4]. VANETs support vehicle-to-roadside unit (V2R) and vehicle-to-vehicle communications [5, 6], so that real-time updates can be transmitted from and to vehicles and roadside units (RSUs) [7, 8]. This real-time information which will be collected can then be consequently used for route planning in individual vehicles [9], freeway-traffic-flow management [10, 11], and vehicle localization [12–14]. Secondly, once the real-time traffic information has been obtained, various algorithms can be designed with the aim of discovering the most efficient routes that individual vehicles can take [15, 16]. However, if the route planning is deployed in a manner which is not coordinated, this could lead to even more congestion. While most of the available routes planning global algorithms pay attention to the improvements linked to networks, they generally overlook driver preferences, such as travel distances and times. This is important, particularly if one considers that replanning decisions are a consequence of the need to avoid traffic congestion and balancing of traffic as opposed to the discovery of optimal routes. Hence, some drivers may

Abstract—Use of Internet of Things (IoT) with modern wireless network is a trend of the emerging technologiesfor different systems which can be deployed in various kinds of environment to monitor, communicate withor control the associated elements in the system. The activities e.g., monitoring and communication by IoT can play an important role to designanIntelligent Transportation System (ITS). In this paper, we assess the suitability ofIoT enabled wireless technology to be used forITS. We performed some comparative study to find the best wireless technology that provides reliability, low cost, less power consumption and less data latency for next generation ITS.This technology will reduce energy consumption of the deployed IoT devices as well as ensure safety, efficiency and convenient for transportation systems.