Microstrip Patch

xv are varied 4.2.4 a X-polarized microstrip patch antenna 59 4.2.4 b Simulation result for X-polarized microstrip patch antenna 60 4.2.5.1 a X-slot X-polarized microstrip patch antenna [r]

The advantages of microstrip antenna have made them a perfect candidate for use in the wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. Though bound by certain disadvantages microstrip patch antenna can be tailored so they can be used in the new high speed broadband WLAN system. This paper concentrates on manufacture of broadband micro strip patch antennas for 4.5 GHz bandwidth.

ABSTRACT: This paper presents the design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna operates at the frequency range of 4.9GHz. A single-layer microstrip-fed patch is light weight, compact, cost effective and has the capability of bandwidth enhancement. The bandwidth of the proposed patch antenna is 2.7 times higher than the traditional patch antenna. The wideband property can be obtained by using two resonances caused due to the radiating patch and non-radiating resonator. The proposed patch antenna requires electrically thin substrate and has low-profile property which helps in bandwidth enhancement. The performance of the antenna is studied in terms of parameters like reflection coefficient, bandwidth, beamwidth, VSWR and radiation pattern. These results are simulated using HFSS.

Microstrip Line Feeding Method, Aperture Coupled Microstrip ,Feed Method Proximity Coupling Probe Coupling Method: Coupling of power to the microstrip patch antenna can be done by probe feeding method. The inner conductor of the probe line is connected to patch lower surface through slot in the ground plane and substrate material . To get perfect impedance matching we need to find out the location of the feed point over the antenna element. Design simplicity and input impedance adjustment through feed point positioning, makes this feeding method popular. But there are some limitations also like larger lead for thicker substrate, difficulty in soldering for array elements etc.

Spiral DMS presents a greater slow wave effect, since it has more discontinuities, providing a longer trajectory to the electromagnetic wave. In this way, we can say that we have obtained very acceptable result with simulation. Namely, we have designed a microstrip patch antenna with DMS resonating at 2.69 GHz. Next we present our antenna fabrication and compare simulation with measurement results. 5. FABRICATION AND MEASUREMENT

and low profile antennas so use of these kind of antennas are more easy in portable and small communication de- vices where size is concerned . In this paper the analysis of T –slot rectangular microstrip patch antenna is presented. The antenna is designed for wide applications in C-band space communication and wireless LAN communication systems. The bandwidth of proposed antenna is 210 MHz and 87.1 MHz And Active VSWR of antenna is 1.316 and resonant frequencies are 7.09 GHz and 3.77 GHz . Antenna is simulated by HFSS software.

ABSTRACT: Gradual improve ment of design of microstrip patch antenna for mu ltip le inputs and mult iple output system researcher have been urged to deploy wideband antenna to enhance the features of MIMO. MIMO technology has attracted consideration in wire less communicat ions, because it present significant increases in data throughput and link range without requiring extra bandwidth or transmit power, higher spectral efficiency and reduced fading , A few techniques can be applied to improve the microstrip antenna bandwidth. These include introducing parasitic ele ment either in coplanar or stack configuration, increasing the substrate thickness and modifying the shap e of a patch by inserting slots and explo re new possibilit ies of new wideband mic rostrip patch antenna for ne xt generation.

Microstrip patch antennas have a very high antenna quality factor (Q). Q represents the losses associated with the antenna and a large Q leads to narrow bandwidth and low efficiency. Q can be reduced by increasing the thickness of the dielectric substrate. But as the thickness increases, an increasing fraction of the total power delivered by the source goes into a surface wave. This surface wave contribution can be counted as an unwanted power loss since it is ultimately scattered at the dielectric bends and causes degradation of the antenna characteristics. However, surface waves can be minimized by use of photonic bandgap structure. Other problems such as low gain and low power handling capacity.

The scopes of work are research articles about wearable antenna. For the researcher, to know about theory patch antennas, antenna design procedure, simulation, fabrication and measurement of human on body application. The first step is to understanding wearable microstrip patch antenna concept including characteristics and calculation. The characteristic and calculation of an antenna is important so that the simulator will run successfully. Next, to design a microstrip patch antenna that operates at 2.4GHz using CST Microwave Studio software. Fabrication does not require high costs and does not require etching. Meanwhile, antenna is measured in the laboratory using Network Analyzer and RF Analyzer. Network Analyzer is used to obtain the characteristics of the antenna and RF Analyzer is used to obtain the radiation pattern. Finally, comparison between simulation and measurement is observed to analyze the characteristics and radiation pattern of the antenna.

Today Communication devices support several applications which require higher bandwidth; such as mobile phones these days are getting thinner and smarter but many application supported by them require higher bandwidth, so microstrip antenna used for performing this operation should provide wider bandwidth as well as their size should be compact so that it should occupy less space while keeping the size of device as small as possible. In this paper a review of different techniques used for compact and broadband microstrip patch antenna is given.

The telecommunication does not stop to increase; it always tries to reach the best performances, thereliability and the efficiency with the lowest possible costs. In this domain, antennas establish a basicelement allowing the transmission of the electromagnetic waves in free space. We find several types ofantennas which different by cuts, geometrical shape, capacity of transmission.However, the new generation of the communication, mobile or satellite communication provokes considerable changes in patch antenna, from which the various modern applications require a functioning in wideband and multiband band. Simulations of multiband and Broadband microstrip Patch antenna compacts conception with a wideband, a triple frequency, an enhanced gain of operation, was announced during the last years.

Microstrip patch with DGS to increase its parameters and mostly bandwidth of the radiator is proposed. To attain an imperative bandwidth development, it has been suggested a rectangular formed symmetrical DGS in the surface plane. This DGS on the ground plane increases the fringing field which reluctantly increased the parasitic capacitance. This enhances the pairing between patch and surface which prepared the bandwidth to amplify from the crucial patch radiator. Size and shape of the DGS and site of the same plays a key role in the progress of the parameters or the bandwidth itself. Computer Simulation Software was utilized for simulation purpose.

provides better efficiency, larger bandwidth and better radiation. However, such a configuration leads to a larger antenna size. In order to design a compact Microstrip patch antenna, substrates with higher dielectric constants must be used which are less efficient and result in narrower bandwidth. Hence a trade-off must be realized between the antenna dimensions and antenna performance [3]. In this paper we simulate a RMSA working at a frequency of 2.34 GHz, the coaxial feeding technique is used as a feed for antenna, & simulation is done by using Finite element based HFSS software.

Reconfigurable Antenna is an alternative to multi-band Antenna. Different techniques are used to achieve multi- band and wideband operation of antenna. Reconfigurable antenna has a potential to add some functionality to mobile communication. A reconfigurable antenna is another solution to achieve multiple bands by switching ON and OFF some part of the antenna. To allow the operating frequency and the bandwidth to be reconfigurable switching components are normally used. In this paper microstrip patch-slot antenna is capable of frequency switching at different frequency bands from Frequency range. RF p-i-n diode is used for the switching purposes. The main aim of this paper is to provide multiband functionality form a single band frequency just by optimizing the antenna structure.

Fig 3 shows the return loss for the single u-slot antenna which is the simulated result. From the Fig 3, it can be shown that the U-slot microstrip patch antenna at 5.5GHz results in the broadening the bandwidth of the antenna. The graph is plotted for frequency in GHz versus return loss in dB. The graph is plotted for the frequency ranges from 4.50GHz to 6.50GHz and the return loss is shown from 0dB to -14dB.

Micro-strip patch antennas have always been an attractive choice for the researchers, especially in the field where cheap, low profile, light weighted and easy to fabricate structures are desired such as in Wireless or Mobile communication. Microstrip patch antennas used because of its various advantages like compatibility with integrated circuits, conformal configuration, light weight, easy to fabricate and so on. Microstrip patch antennas usually designed with linear polarization but in some applications such as satellite communication circular polarization is desired because circularly polarized antennas are very insensitive to transmitter and receiver orientation. A micro-strip patch is one of the most widely used radiators for circular polarization generation. A microstrip patch antenna which is linearly polarized may be easily converted in to circularly polarized patch antenna after some modifications in the shape of structure and after cutting slots in the structure. In the work presented in this paper a microstrip patch antenna is designed at the frequency of 3.4 GHz and this structure will produce linear polarization. The opposite corners of the structure are truncated as a result of which the linear polarization of the antenna is converted in to circular polarization. In this way circular polarization is achieved.

been used in sensing the moisture content, temperature, bulk density, salinity, fuel adulteration, etc. A microstrip patch antenna has been reported in [15] which can be used in agricultural field with a relatively larger size of 7.9 cm × 5.4 cm. The effects of moisture on the dielectric properties of rice have been reported. The microstrip patch antenna has been used in the measurement of dielectric properties of materials. The technique of medical diagnostics using waveguide probes and reflection methods has been rendered in [16]. The rectangular dielectric waveguide (RDWG) technique has been described for the determination of moisture in oil palm fruits [17]. To measure moisture in hevea rubber latex, a U-shaped antenna has been described [18]. A moisture sensor has been rendered based on the microstrip antenna which is operated on dual frequencies [19–26].

Figure 1: Structure of a Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna The rectangular MSA is made of a rectangular patch with dimensions width ( W) and length ( L) over a ground plane © 2015, IRJET.NET- All Rights Reserved Page 1701

This project is about to design of a microstrip patch antenna on the non- conductive textile substrates at the operating frequency 2.45 GHz which is for wireless local area network (WLAN) application. There are certain fabric materials in the market that can be use to patch the microstrip antenna such as Nora, felt, fleece and etc. Those fabric materials have relative permittivity characteristics that make it suitable for wearable antenna. The main objective of this project is to design, simulate, fabricate and analyze the microstrip patch antenna at frequency 2.45 GHz using textile as the substrate. The proposed fabric material for this project is felt fabric. The felt fabric is selected because it has constant thickness and stable relative permittivity. The 2.45 GHz unlicensed band is utilized for the development of this wearable antennas. The used of FR4 as the substrate in conventional antenna is not suitable for wearable system because of limited body movement problem. To overcome this problem is by changing FR4 substrate with textile substrate. The measurement results for fabricated antenna have a slightly different with the simulation result. The frequency of the simulation result is 2.45 GHz, but the frequency of measured result has shifted to 2.6 GHz. However, some recommendation was made in order to improve the performance of the antenna.

Abstract— Microstrip patch antenna is a flat shape, light weight and low cost antenna that used to receive and transmit electromagnetic wave. This paper describes the design and development of a microstrip patch antenna for salinity and sugar detection. The microstrip antenna was designed and fabricated using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio and Taconic TLY-5 substrate, respectively. This sensor is operate in the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) radio band, i.e. 2.45GHz. Dimension and shape of the patch antenna as well as location of feed point is analyzed. There are three types of microstrip patch antennas are developed in this work, i.e. rectangular, circular and square patch microstrip antennas. These microstrip patch antennas were used to measure the salt and sugar content in water. In addition, reflection coefficient and Q-factor were discussed too in this paper. Different amount of salt or sugar that present in water will exhibit different dielectric properties, and in turn change its reflection coefficient and Q- factor.