Public Works

The disbursement of each project was calculated and plotted into graphical data. It had been found from result (figure 2-7) that the overall performance of disbursement in highways construction works can be generalized in 3 major patterns. First pattern was a moderate straight line with few jumping points. Each month of these first pattern projects obtain indicents which caused the number of delayed days in disbursement process lesser 30 days than contract agreement. It had seen as general patterns of construction work with few obstructions. Second pattern was gradually increasing with time and have few jumping points. The projects obtain incidents which caused the number of delayed days in disbursement process in each month greater 30 days but lesser 60 days when it was compared with contract agreement. This pattern had similarity to pattern one but the degree of seriousness was higher than the first pattern. It can be noticed from graphical results that pattern two have few higher in amplitude points and more often to occur. Third pattern was frustrated line. The project obtained the incidents which caused the number of delayed days in disbursement process in each month greater than 60 days but lesser 120 days than contract agreement. This pattern represents the highest sensitivities of factors. The degree of seriousness was the most severe in all three patterns which brings the point to a sudden high amplitude level. The summary of patterns of disbursement in highway construction works were shown in Table 4. The patterns of disbursement of highway public works were caused by these factors. It had been found from interview and questionnaire with persons involved in each stage of disbursement procedure. The factors which caused submission, inspection and issue the certificate and the payment stage delay were showed in Table 5-7.

If you’re exhibiting at Congress, this special issue of the APWA Reporter will maximize your exposure. Your advertisement will be in the hands of more than 28,500 members before Congress and given to thousands of Congress attendees during registration. Timing is everything. By advertising in the Congress Show Issue, your timing couldn’t get any better—before and during Congress when qualified, interested decision makers are in the buying mood. Even if you don’t exhibit, this is your once-a-year opportunity to reach this prime audience of public works professionals.

NOTE: The property at 711 East 23 rd Street is owned by Douglas County. The County’s Public Works Operations Division and the City of Lawrence / Douglas County HHW facility are co-located on this property. In July 2013, the Douglas County Commissioners voted to move ahead with plans to build a new County Public Works facility near the county jail on East 25 th Street. Douglas County will be preparing this property for sale over the next two years. For this reason the City of Lawrence is relocating the HHW facility to another property.

making sure that its goal to improve the country’s standing be eventually fulfilled. Despite the on-going issues on various forms of corruption, it still continues to thrive, together with the citizens of the Philippines, in order to create a better future for the upcoming generations. One of these departments that already showed signs of improvement is the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH).

Liverpool had doubts about whether the Act would produce any real benefit. He ‘did not anticipate that there would be many calls for money’ from parishes. This turned out to be right: only three loans were made to parishes, and they totalled less than £3,000. 84 In part this was because, in order to qualify for a loan, a parish had to have experienced a 50 per cent increase in its poor rate in the previous three years. 85 If good public works schemes were able to attract credit, then the PWLB would be left with applications from those who could not get private credit because they had inadequate security. The risk was that the PWLB would make the same judgement, and would also refuse them credit. This same reservation applied to loans to mines and fisheries. Liverpool’s hope that loans for public works would ‘give employment to a number of persons’ , was reasonable, but the potential scale of employment creation was modest. If the £1.5m were spent in one year, it would raise national output by 0.5 per cent and provide maybe 15,000 jobs. 86 At best, this might find jobs for 5 per cent of the 300,000 demobilised from the military. Even at this stage, the Act looked to be of limited economic benefit. It is much more convincing to see the 1817 Act as a mainly political response to pressure from influential lobbyists in a crisis. This was the conclusion of Sir William Burroughs MP when he observed that the government ‘would never have adopted this measure had they not been dr iven to it’. 87 The government had been under pressure from landowners, manufacturers and labourers, and from MPs who wanted the distress in their constituencies to be relieved. All of these groups expected the government to ‘do something’, even if the exact nature of the ‘something’ was unclear. Vansittart was not an innovative chancellor; he ‘failed to associate his name with one single measure of importance’. 88 The best Vansittart

Much of the previous NREGS literature has examined the program’s effect on rural wages. However, two other outcomes are also commonly studied: private-sector employment and income. I first look at private-sector employment. Many economic models predict de- creases in private-sector employment after the implementation of a large public works pro- gram like NREGS. Intuitively, if NREGS drives up wages, we would expect a lower level of private-sector employment in equilibrium (Imbert and Papp, 2015). Figure 9 presents a graph of private sector employment (days - log) across both survey waves. Private employment is defined as total time spent in casual labor, salary labor, agricultural self- employment, and non-agricultural self-employment. This includes “productive” household activities—including the collection of firewood, water, etc.—but does not include leisure. Consistent with the theory, there appears to be a large decrease in private-sector employ- ment when comparing NREGS districts from 1999 to 2008. In addition, the graph appears relatively flat at the border in treated districts, which is consistent with a negligible wage change in that region.

As for the first problem, the execution of a public work can be characterized by different events (revision of the initial project, renegotiation, etc.) that can alter the initial project and affect the governments' performance in the realization of public works and, therefore, the efficiency and effectiveness of public spending. One obvious indicator of governments’ performance in the execution of a public work is represented by adaptation costs, i.e. the additional costs above the value of the winning bid, incurred by contracting works authorities. Another indicator is given by the time of completion of works: Bajari and Lewis (2008) underline its relevance for social welfare and, referring to highways construction, suggest that slow completion times may generate “significant negative externalities for commuters through increased gridlock and commuting times” (Bajari and Lewis, 2008, p. 1). In other words, while completion time may generate costs overrun for public finance (even if it is not necessarily so), it is the source of negative effects on social welfare at large. We, then, choose to consider this variable for the empirical investigation of the differences in performance across the different levels of government, because it may also be regarded as a significant indicator of

4. The Department reserves the right to require an event promoter to hire security before being granted permission to conduct an activity on Department property. The number of security persons and requirements concerning their affiliation and enforcement authority will be determined mutually by the Director of Public Works and Chief of Police.

By the mid 20 th century ownership of land amongst the middle and working classes was of course widespread and inevitably the assessment of compensation began to be challenged through the court system. One judgement of 1941 identified by Marr, ibid is particularly interesting as the court outlined the principle of compensation applied in the judgement. This was that the court should ‘…make an award which shall be just to both parties. On the one hand the respondent must not be required to pay more than the land is worth on a fair consideration of all the evidence before the Court, while, on the other, the Court must see that the claimant receives the fair value of the property taken…’ (Napier Harbour Board v Minister of Public Works (1941) NZLR 186. This approach more or less confirms that nothing much had changed since Blackstones summary of the law in 1765 and also endorses the doctrine of the principle of equivalence as the basis for assessing compensation.

Once you have determined what percentage of error is acceptable, you have to determine the sample size. 5 To do this, first determine the size of the total number of documents from which the sample is to be taken. For example, Public Works and Services has a scanning project. They have determined that they can scan approximately 583 images per hour. Assuming that scanning will take place for six hours per day, they will be able to scan approximately 3,498 images per day, or approximately 17,490 images per week. If they are performing quality control daily – meaning that they are checking the previous day’s output of images – then their sample will be taken from a group of approximately 3,498 images all taken the previous day. If they are performing quality control on a weekly basis, then their sample will be taken from a group of approximately 17,490 images taken over the previous five days.

(3) That used books be added to the scope of materials accepted at the City’s Recycling Depot and that the Chief Administrator Officer and General Manager, Engineering and Public Works be authorized to negotiate and execute an agreement with Discover Books Ltd. on the terms and conditions set out in the staff report from the Director, Public Works Operations dated June 24, 2013; and

4.8.4 San Luis Obispo County LCP ............................................................................... 4-134 4.9 Air Quality, Energy Conservation and Promotion of Public Transit .......................... 4-138 4.9.1 Public Works Plan Policies and EIR Findings ...................................................... 4-138 4.9.2 City of Pismo Beach LCP ..................................................................................... 4-141 4.9.3 City of Grover Beach LCP ................................................................................... 4-142 4.9.4 San Luis Obispo County LCP ............................................................................... 4-143 5.0 Implementation ................................................................................................................. 5-1 5.1 Authority and Procedures for Coastal Commission Review and Approval .................. 5-2 5.2 General Provisions and Supplemental Reports for any Specific Project Contained in the

No one who has paid any sustained attention to the term will have missed its dangerous ambiguities. These ambiguities show with unusual clarity when the subject is public works, especially in the former colonies and/or the global south. If public means, for example, that which is visible to a given community, then public works are indeed public. Dams, for example, are exemplary theatrical spectacles where all are invited to contemplate the state’s accomplishments and modernity. On the other hand, if public means that which is accountable to and therefore scrutinised by that community, let alone owned or controlled by it, then public works may not be public after all. Was the planning and decision-making transparent? Was any real public input allowed? A dam would certainly be public in the sense of being (another sense) of significance to the community; it might not be public in the sense of being authorised by the community. Perhaps the knottiest problem would be whether it is public in the sense of being constructed in the service or on behalf of the community. How does one decide that? And who does the deciding? Most often, the record tells us, the taxpayers are asked to pay for services that capital needs but would prefer not to pay for itself. In the process, local populations are displaced, become victims of environmental damage (an externality that doesn’t show up on anyone’s budget), and become liable as well, in the form of austerity programs, for the eventual repayment of loans taken out by the state. The Three Gorges Dam, like China’s Great Wall itself, has become emblematic of infrastructure as pure centralized madness, “giant public works projects” (11), as Bruce Cumings puts it with reference to North Korea, with the despot “running armies of

The design of municipal services in the Region of Peel is to be based upon the current “Public Works Design, Specification & Procedures Manual”. All plans are to be reviewed by the Region prior to the construction of services. Such review shall not relieve the engineer from primary responsibility for the design to meet all Federal, Provincial, Regional, and local government requirements. Refer to the Environmental Assessment Process section of this manual for the steps required to fulfill the Class Environmental Assessment process.

Planned maintenance is scheduled on an electronic spreadsheet stored on the central office computer server. Server files are backed up daily. Planned rehabilitation and renewal programs will be reviewed on an annual basis as capital works are planned for each calendar year by the Manager, Water & Wastewater with the following: Director, Public Works & Environmental Services; Director, Financial Services/Treasurer; Manager, Engineering Services; and Manager, Roads & Fleet.

In compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act and Government Code Section 54954.2, if special assistance is needed to participate in the Public Works Committee meeting, please contact WRCOG at (951) 405-6703. Notification of at least 48 hours prior to meeting time will assist staff in assuring that reasonable arrangements can be made to provide accessibility at the meeting. In compliance with the Government Code Section 54957.5, agenda materials distributed within 72 hours prior to the meeting, which are public records relating to an open session agenda items, will be available for inspection by members of the public prior to the meeting at 3390 University Avenue, Suite 450, Riverside, CA, 92501.

Lebanon is a signatory to the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago 1944) and a founding member of the International Civil aviation Organization (ICAO). In line with Article 26 of the Convention, the Lebanese Government launched an investigation into the accident that occurred to Ethiopian Airlines flight 409 (ET409), a Boeing 737-800 type aircraft registered ET-ANB. An Investigation Committee (IC) and an Investigator in Charge (IIC) were appointed by the Lebanese Minister of Public Works & Transportation. The State of Registry/Operator and the State of Manufacturer were both invited to appoint accredited representatives to the IC. A Preliminary Report was presented to the Lebanese Government on February 25, 2010. Two Investigation Progress report were presented to the Lebanese Minister of Public Works & Transportation on February 10, 2011 and on August 25, 2011; both reports were released to the public and have been posted on the Lebanese CAA website www.lebcaa.com. The final draft report was presented as a confidential document to HE the Lebanese Minister of Public Works and Transportation on 10 th September2011 and circulated to all parties (the NTSB -USA, ECAA - Ethiopia & BEA - France) for comments, as per ICAO Annex 13 requirements. The comments were received in due time and discussed with all parties prior to the issue of this final report. Some differences remained between the views of the Ethiopian party and the rest of the Investigation Committee’s members. These differences are appended as “Appendix Z” to this report.

The Sub-recipient further agrees to ensure that opportunities for training and employment arising in connection with a housing rehabilitation (including reduction and abatement of lead-based paint hazards), housing construction, or other public construction project are given to low- and very low- income persons residing within the metropolitan area in which the CDBG-funded project is located; where feasible, priority should be given to low- and very low-income persons within the service area of the project or the neighborhood in which the project is located, and to low- and very low-income participants in other HUD programs; and award contracts for work undertaken in connection with a housing rehabilitation (including reduction and abatement of lead-based paint hazards), housing construction, or other public construction project to business concerns that provide economic opportunities for low- and very low-income persons residing within the metropolitan area in which the CDBG-funded project is located; where feasible, priority should be given to business concerns that provide economic opportunities to low- and very low-income residents within the service area or the neighborhood in which the project is located, and to low- and very low-income participants in other HUD programs.

The question on the validity of termination of the contract under the PWD form of construction contract was also discussed in the case of Sanlaiman Sdn Bhd v Kerajaan Malaysia 23 . In this particluar case, the plaintiff was appointed by the defendant as the main contractor for a construction project and had received several warning and reminder letters from the latter that the progress of its work was slow and not in keeping with the time-line for the project's completion. The plaintiff had applied for two extensions of time, respectively of four months and three months to complete the works. However the defendant only allowed one 30-day extension. Despite granting the extension, the defendant issued the plaintiff a notice of default and followed that up with a certificate of non-completion ('CNC'), a claim for liquidated and ascertained damages ('LAD') and finally a letter terminating the contract. The plaintiff disputed the termination claiming it had completed more than 90% of the works and referred the matter to arbitration. The arbitrator ruled, inter alia, that the plaintiff was entitled to complete the project within a reasonable time as the time for completion had been set 'at large' and that the defendant's issuance of the CNC and the imposition of LAD were wrongful and invalid. He, however, held the defendant's termination of the contract was lawful and valid. The plaintiff argued that it was illogical for the arbitrator to hold the termination to be valid when he had already found that the time for completion was set 'at large'. The High Court finally dismissed the plaintiff’s claim with costs and Mohamad Ariff J held that:

8.1 Subject to the Maryland Public Information Act and any other applicable laws including, without limitation, HIPAA, the HI-TECH ACT, and the Maryland Medical Records Act and the implementation of regulations promulgated pursuant thereto, all confidential or proprietary information and documentation relating to either party (including without limitation, any information or data stored within the Contractor’s computer systems) shall be held in absolute confidence by the other party. Each party shall, however, be permitted to disclose relevant confidential information to its officers, agents, and employees to the extent that such disclosure is necessary for the performance of their duties under this Contract, provided that the data may be collected, used, disclosed, stored, and disseminated only as provided by and consistent with the law. The provisions of this section shall not apply to information that: (a) is lawfully in the public domain; (b) has been