Retinoic Acid (RA)
Changes in retinoic acid signaling alter otic patterning
... Retinoic acid (RA) has pleiotropic functions during embryogenesis. In zebrafish, increasing or blocking RA signaling results in enlarged or reduced otic vesicles, respectively. Here we elucidate the ...
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Retinoic acid stability in stem cell cultures
... as retinoic acid (RA) and retinol (ROL), dis- solved in aqueous solutions are susceptible to oxidative damage when exposed to light, air, and relatively high temperatures, conditions that are normal for ...
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Identification of influential proteins in the classical retinoic acid signaling pathway
... of retinoic acid (RA) mediated gene transcription, RA binds to a nuclear hormone receptor dimer composed of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR), to induce the expression ...
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All trans retinoic acid modulates the retinoic acid receptor alpha in promyelocytic cells
... all-trans retinoic acid (RA), the active metabolite of vitamin A, is an efficient alternative to chemotherapy in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia ...the retinoic acid ...
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Stage dependent responses of the developing lung to retinoic acid signaling
... ABSTRACT Morphological analysis of vitamin A-deficient rat fetuses and of retinoic acid receptor (RAR and RXR) mutant mice have demonstrated that retinoic acid (RA) is essential for lung ...
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Retinoic acid signaling pathways
... Retinoic acid (RA) is derived from retinol (vitamin A) as a metabolic product. RA exists in several isomeric forms including all-trans-RA, 9-cis-RA and 13-cis-RA; however, all-trans-RA is the primary ligand ...
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Expression of retinoic acid-binding proteins and retinoic acid receptors in sebaceous cell carcinoma of the eyelids
... CRABP2, FABP5), and related retinoic acid receptors (RARs and RXRs) in SeCC cases. Multiple predisposing factors have been proposed, such as radiation exposure, advanced age, race, and genetic ...
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Retinoic acid signaling and the evolution of chordates
... In chordates, which comprise urochordates, cephalochordates and vertebrates, the vitamin A-derived morphogen retinoic acid (RA) has a pivotal role during development. Altering levels of endogenous RA ...
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Modulation of T cell and innate immune responses by retinoic Acid
... Retinoic acid (RA) is produced by a number of cell types, including macrophages and dendritic cells, which express retinal dehydrogenases that convert vitamin A to its main biologically active metabolite, ...
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Abnormalities of somite development in the absence of retinoic acid
... ABSTRACT We describe the effects of an absence of retinoic acid (RA) on the development of somites in the quail embryo. RA was removed by generating vitamin A deficient quail embryos whereupon the resulting ...
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The role of retinoic acid signaling in starfish metamorphosis
... Retinoic acid (RA) plays a critical role in the body pat- terning of chordates, such as the anterior–posterior pat- terning of the central nervous system and pharyngeal arches ...the retinoic ...
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Unlocking the potential of retinoic acid in anticancer therapy
... including histone acetyltransferases (HATs), DRIP/TRAP/ARC, or mediator-containing complexes are recruited to decompress chromatin and activate transcription of target genes (Glass and Rosenfeld, 2000). To date, three ...
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Effects of retinoic acid on compensatory lung growth
... mone [9]. Postlobectomy lung growth is a more rapid and restorative process. On the contrary, the space occurring in hemithorax due to compensatory lung growth fills in time and no air space remains in most of the ...
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Retinoic acid synthesis and functions in early embryonic development
... receptors, retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and reti- noid X receptor ...all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), regulates germ layer formation, body axis formation, neurogenesis, cardiogenesis, and the ...
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Retinoic acid, meiosis and germ cell fate in mammals
... This review focuses on how mammalian germ cells are directed towards the alternative pathways of oogenesis or spermatogenesis, and the role of retinoic acid (RA), the active derivative of vitamin A, in this ...
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Human skin levels of retinoic acid and cytochrome P 450 derived 4 hydroxyretinoic acid after topical application of retinoic acid in vivo compared to concentrations required to stimulate retinoic acid receptor mediated transcription in vitro
... individual retinoic acid receptors (RARs) or retinoid X receptor-alpha (RXR-alpha) and a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter plasmid containing a retinoic acid responsive element ...
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Cellular retinoic acid binding proteins are essential for hindbrain patterning and signal robustness in zebrafish
... Mammalian Crabp2 contains a retinoic acid response element (RARE) and is RA inducible in vitro (Aström et al., 1994). We examined crabp2a and crabp2b expression after treatment with RA or an Aldh1a2 ...
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The retinoic acid receptor-α modulators ATRA and Ro415253 reciprocally regulate human IL-5+ Th2 cell proliferation and cytokine expression
... Retinoic acid (RA) is the bioactive form of vitamin A; all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) is the most abundant form of RA found in the ...inoic acid receptor (RAR) deficient mice ...that ...
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Retinoic acid prevents experimental Cushing syndrome
... retinoic acid inhibited ACTH production after a 24- hour treatment in six out of eight tumors (Figure ...nM retinoic acid (Figure 3a; tumor numbers 2 and ...that retinoic acid ...
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Modulation of limb bud chondrogenesis by retinoic acid and retinoic acid receptors
... Int I De" lIiol 39 617 627 (1995) 617 Origil/al Arlide Modulation of limb bud chondrogenesis by retinoic acid and retinoic acid receptors HENG JIANG', DIANNE R SOPRAN03 , SHI WU LJ2, KENNETH J SOPRANO[.] ...
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