The Internet of Things

The Once and Future Internet of Things We think of the Internet of Things (IOT) as new and dramatic. And indeed, no doubt its impact will soon be dramatic, but it is not as new as many people suppose. In respect to consumer- facing technology, we can trace the IOT back to the invention of ATMs in the late 1960s, nearly 50 year ago. True, we are pushing the definition of IOT here. The first ATMs were not connected, and their connected use only became widespread in the 1980s – and even then, although it was a connected device, it initially only qualified as an Intranet of Things.

• Creating and integrating information technology: The technology ecosystem for enabling the Internet of Things is highly fragmented. Solutions must be assembled from components offered by various providers of sensors and communica- tions modules, network management and control systems, communications networks, enterprise applications, and customer- facing applications. Companies need help

McKinsey & Company and the Global Semiconductor Alliance (GSA) recently collaborated to understand the implications of the Internet of Things (IOT) for the semiconductor industry and the economy as a whole. This effort was overseen by a steering committee of 11 senior executives from GSA member companies and McKinsey. It involved the following methods:

through open standards. The ultimate app for cloud “Within the next five years, more than 90 percent of all Internet of Things data will be hosted on service provider platforms as cloud computing reduces the complexity of supporting the Internet of Things ‘data

sometime in 2010. With the enhanced government support for the part of IoT called Smart Grid, he is almost certainly right. We will see, indeed we are already seeing, the growth of ubiquitous networks connected to all objects with each unique object having its own identifying address wherever it is, through IPv6 or some other methods like RFID and the other Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC) technologies. As the growth of these networks continues the infrastructure robustness necessary for critical applications will develop automatically. The Internet of Things is here, now.

Given the growing popularity and acceptance related to the Internet of Things, it is time to elevate these process robots so they can more easily interact with users working to solve today’s business problems. Think about a service like Angie’s list. A basic financial transaction involves a buyer, a seller, and a middle man. In this case a simple process robot can match a buyer with a set of sellers ranked by a survey of seller performance. Thus Angie’s list is a market maker of sorts.

Are you wearing a Fit Bit ® ? Does your smart phone help you locate an available conference room at work? If you answered yes to any of these questions, then you’ve begun to experience the Internet of Things. Although the term has been used in technology circles for several years, it is only now starting to be the focus of more mainstream discussions. What is the Internet of Things?

“Big Data” is an understatement. In the not so distant future, ubiquitous connectivity will enable listening and observation at scale. For consumers, this may mean that many aspects of everyday life that previously seemed private or invisible may now be discernible. Federal Trade Commission Chairwoman Edith Ramirez remarked recently that “[t]he enormous data trove that will result [from the Internet of Things] will contain a wealth of revealing bits of information that, when patched together, may present a deeply personal and startlingly complete picture of us.” 12 This data may reveal an individual’s identity, location, medical issues, religious or political preferences, financial information, family and friends, sexual orientation, favorite coffee shop, driving habits, whether her home’s doors and windows are locked, and when she is not home. Put bluntly, we have always made noise as we interacted with the world around us, but soon that world will be much better equipped to listen and make sense of what it hears.

Source: 1. Disruptive Technologies, McKinsey Global Institute, May 2013 The Internet of Things Definition 1 The Internet of Things refers to the use of sensors, actuators, and data communications technology built into physical objects - from roadways to pacemakers - that enable those objects to be tracked, coordinated, or controlled across a data network or the Internet

Connected devices, or “things”, already outnumber people on the Internet, and while industry predictions for 2015 vary between 25 billion devices (Cisco) and 15 billion (Intel) the trend towards an Internet populated by machines is inescapable. That change will enable new business models, and create new opportunities, as the things find new ways of using old networks, and start using new networks too. The GSMA, representing the mobile network operators, estimates the Internet of things will be worth $2.5tn annually by 2020, with $1.5tn of that going to the existing operators.

The Internet of Things is turning into an explosive topic in today’s technology world. Smart Things are becoming more prevalent in both business and personal use. From cell phones, smart homes, smart sensors and more [5], nearly every object can be made intelligent and relay information and data to a user at a moment’s notice. Billions [14] of new smart Things are expected to take hold in the next few years. Each Thing can provide a functionality or a service to a user or client. You don’t have to own a Thing to use its functionality or service. A user should be able to search for Things that provide a required functionality. But with the massive growth of smart Things, it will become difficult for users to find these smart Things and more importantly find one or more that best meets the user’s requirements.

Recall represents the ratio of correctly matched events versus all relevant ones. We measure the built software’s effective- ness by precision, recall, and a derivative measure that com- bines both in one number, such as the F 1 score. We measure efficiency using event throughput, which represents the amount of processed events per time unit in the Internet of Things (IoT) middleware layer from the sensors to the applications.

In a new survey of senior business leaders commissioned by Flextronics, there is clear interest in and excitement around the potential of the Internet of Things. Many hold a strong belief that a well-thought-out and implemented IoT strategy will be crucial in order for companies to thrive in the coming years.

Security and the Internet of Things Joe Sanford 1. Abstract More and more “smart” devices are being introduced to the market, allowing end-users to have more of the devices they use every day to be connected to the Internet. This allows remote connectivity and control of appliances, HVAC systems, and more. However, with the growing “Internet of Things”, security of these devices is a growing concern itself, as it can be with any new technology. There are many levels at which security is an issue, along with all security and privacy concerns that are inherent when working on an Internet-connected device, from insecure web, mobile, and cloud interfaces and authentication, to exploitable firmware lack of security configurability. For most users of technology, security and privacy concerns end with their computers and mobile devices, but the Internet of Things could lead to more direct real-world consequences. If these concerns are not addressed as these new technologies begin to reach users, it could not only lead to unauthorized access and control of these technologies, but also cause concern for end-users. While adoption rates may show the success of new technologies, it is ultimately the security and privacy of these devices which will dictate the growth of the Internet of Things.

The Internet of Things and You How do we observe the world around us? The human body is a marvel of ingenious sensory apparatus that allows us to see, hear, taste, and even feel through touch anything we encounter. Even our brains can store visual and auditory events recalling them at will. IOT solutions mimic many of these sensory capabilities and therefore can become an extension of our own abilities. While that may sound a bit grandiose (and it is), IOT solutions can record observations in the form of data from one or more sensors and make them available for viewing by anyone anywhere via the Internet.

• “Smart Cities” is a term denoting the effective integration of physical, digital and human systems in the built environment to deliver a sustainable, prosperous and inclusive future [r]

Index Radio frequency identification tags, See RFID tags Radio frequency identification technology, See RFID applications; RFID technology Railroad track obstruction detection, 160–161 Ran[r]

Predictive analytics Complex event processing Image processing Relation extraction Sentiment analysis Automatic classification Named entity recognition Se rvice s Big data algorithms [r]

Now consider that IoT represents the next evolution of the Internet, taking a huge leap in its ability to gather, analyze, and distribute data that we can turn into information, knowledge, and, ultimately, wisdom. In this context, IoT becomes immensely important. Already, IoT projects are under way that promise to close the gap between poor and rich, improve distribution of the world’s resources to those who need them most, and help us understand our planet so we can be more proactive and less reactive. Even so, several barriers exist that threaten to slow IoT development, including the transition to IPv6, having a common set of standards, and developing energy sources for millions—even billions—of minute sensors.

IoT Extends the attack surface Modbus SCADA CIP Modbus TCP SCADA TCP/IP Ether/IP From Closed systems To IP based systems.. IoT Security Framework Role B as ed S ec ur i[r]