theory of reasoned action

This study was carried out with the objectives of studying the behavior of Internet users and the effects of key factors on the intention to shop on-line. The theory of reasoned action (TRA) was employed to develop the conceptual framework. The population of interest was confined to full-time employees in Thailand with frequent use of the Internet. The results of hypothesis testing showed that all four key con- structs, i.e., trust, confidence in using a credit card, subjective norm, and past behavior, had significant effects on the on-line shopping intentions. However, the confidence in using a credit card was not found to moderate the effects of trust and the subjective norm on the intentions to shop on-line. Trust was found to have the strongest effect, followed by confidence in using a credit card, past behavior, and subjective norm.

In this article, popular models and theories including the Health Belief Model, 2,3 Social Cognitive (Learning) Theory, 4,5 the Theory of Reasoned Action,6-8 the Theory of Planned Behaviour, 6,9 and the Transtheoretical model, 10 are reviewed and strategies for implementing elements of these theories into practice are offered. Many of the theories share the following factors: intentions to behave, environmental constraints impeding the behavior, skills, outcome expectancies, norms for the behavior, self-standards, affect, and self-confidence with respect to the behavior. Efforts to change patient

A study by Wei, Xinyan, and Yue [5] to review prior literature on mobile commerce, analyses the various adoptive factors, and suggests future research direction. Their study followed a method where they conducted an exhaustive and systematic electronic search of 59 articles, 23 Chinese and 36 English. Their study was further, based upon research subjects; research theory; and adoptive factors. They established that most of the existing studies were on the subject of consumer adoption; and TAM was the most-used theory in consumer adoption. They also established that, the majority of adoptive factors are characteristics of mobile commerce service providers, mobile commerce merchants, mobile commerce consumers, and the environment; consumer perception features of mobile commerce. It was established further that very few studies have used social psychology based theories such as Theory of Reasoned Action or Theory of Planned Behavior.

ABSTRACT This study addresses the factors affecting sitting intention in open spaces based on the Theory of Reasoned Action. Theory of Reasoned Action is one of the important and related theories that researchers used for measuring behavioural actions. According to the theory and based on previous studies, this research used three variables, comfort, safety, accessibility, for finding the relation among these variables with attitude towards sitting intention in open spaces. Public spaces are perceived as being physically open and accessible to the general public that can help to promote a better relationship between students and their campus. Public spaces in campuses have a responsibility to provide usable, accessible open space for the users.

in regards to ICC usage, as well as considering richer set of predictors like religiosity, financial benefit factors and social factors. Consistently, Amin (2012a) attempted to recognize the factors that influence bank customers’ behavioral intention in Malaysia to employ ICC. Drawing from the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) model, the study identified a framework to explore attitude, subjective norm and perceived financial cost influence on usage intention of ICC. To achieve the objective of study, the data were collected through a modified questionnaire from 257 bank customers. A multiple regression model was applied to identify influences of independent variables on the usage intention of ICC.

found that in the decision to major in accounting the instructor does not have a significant impact, whereas the introductory courses do. Several studies have expanded the research question concerning the choice to major in accounting to other educational populations. In 2006, Tan and Laswad, following the Cohen and Hanno (1993) and Allen (2004) studies utilizing the TPB, sought to identify and analyze the beliefs that affect the choice to major in accounting in New Zealand. Results confirm that the three constructs (personal, referents, and control) are determinants of students’ intention to major in accounting or other business disciplines. Sugahara et al. (2008) explored the influential factors affecting national and international Australian business students’ choice of an accounting major, while Sugahara and Boland (2009) explored the major factors influencing Japanese business students’ decision to major in accounting. The major influential factors, were intrinsic value and, consistent with prior studies, career prospects. Focusing on the later stage of the academic program, Tan and Laswad (2009) expanded their 2006 study by including a longitudinal analysis of surveying the same students at the beginning and end of their degree programs in New Zealand, again utilizing the TPB. Jackling and Keneley (2009) utilized the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), a theoretical framework similar to the TPB utilized by Cohen and Hanno (1993), Allen (2004), and Tan and Laswad (2006). They substantiated that two factors linked to ‘behavioral beliefs’ and one factor related to ‘normative beliefs’ in the TRA model influenced Australian business students’ choice to major in accounting at a later stage of their academic program.

Another limitation is the sample size. Though relatively large, the number of participants can be increased to improve reliability. Finally, the study examines only one model of human behavior. Though support and rationale for the use of Theory of Reasoned Action has been presented, there are other models which could be tested for adoption and behavior.

Abstract Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), postulated by social psychologist, has been established to be relevant in guiding Information Systems studies. The theory resulted from attitude research using the Expectancy Value Models. Therefore, TRA can be more effective if extended with additional determinants/constructs of systems use. The purpose of this study was to validate the additional constructs expected to strengthen TRA. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods were used in compilation of this paper. Additional determinants have therefore been validated using correlation and are illustrated in this article to demonstrate their effects on technology use in an Information Systems discourse. To achieve this, the authors used the findings from a study that was conducted in setting that presented rural urban characteristics, varied social economic characteristic as well as the varied age sets. The paper puts clearly the possibility of applying the theory of reasoned action in an information systems discourse, with additional constructs, giving birth to the Extended Theory of Reasoned Action.

OALibJ | DOI:10.4236/oalib.1102054 4 December 2015 | Volume 2 | e2054 A study by [12] to review prior literature on mobile commerce, analyse the various adoptive factors, and sug- gest future research direction. Their study followed a method where they conducted an exhaustive and syste- matic electronic search of 59 articles, 23 Chinese and 36 English. Their study was further, based upon Research subjects; research theory; and adoptive factors. They established that most of the existing researches were on the subject of consumer adoption; and TAM was the most-used theory in consumer adoption. They also established that, the majority of adoptive factors are characteristics of mobile commerce service providers, mobile com- merce merchants, mobile commerce consumers, and the environment; consumer perception features of mobile commerce. It was established further that very few studies have used social psychology based theories such as Theory of Reasoned Action or Theory of Planned Behavior. The two theories have been used sparingly in In- formation Systems studies even though they do have a better platform in studying adoption of new innovations and technology based on behavioral intentions as well as subjective norms and social influence.

As is the case for most research activities, we also face potential limitations which go beyond the limitations typically mentioned concerning the application of questionnaire-based surveys (for example, limited possibility to answer queries from respondents, reduced flexibility). First, we selected the theory of reasoned action as basis for our work. We are confident that this approach is appropriate for our research objective which is to analyze the reasons why management accountants act as business partners. Nevertheless, there might also be other predictors of business orientation. As described in the next paragraph on research potentials, future research could follow up this issue to gain further insights and to deepen our findings. Second, similar to prior work in this field, we conducted the data gathering procedures for our study in a single country, in our case Germany. A possible limitation might originate from the fact that roles of management accountants are, at least slightly, different in heterogeneous national or cultural surroundings (e.g., Ahrens, 1996; Granlund & Lukka, 1998). Third, we partly applied newly developed scales in our research. Even if the instruments exhibit sound reliability and validity statistics, we are aware that they are subject to potential limitations and should be validated in future research activities. The instruments should be further discussed and developed in order to demonstrate appropriateness and to ensure that they capture the relevant subjects. Fourth, our response rate is lower than desired.

Determinants of food choice in a transitional economy: Insights from the Theory of Reasoned Action Abstract This paper draws upon a consumer survey carried out in Bucharest (Romania) to explore determinants of food choice in a transition economy. An adapted version of the Theory of Reasoned Action was developed. This included attitude toward intention, habit and preference as independent variables. The structural equations modelling carried out in 'Analysis of MOment Structures' AMOS showed a significant positive influence of all variables. Similar to other studies conducted in European Union (EU) countries (Saba, Di Natale, 1998) habit outweighed the other variables. The study emphasises the heterogeneity of consumer beliefs about food. Furthermore it was suggested that there is scope for non- economic variables in explaining food choices and consumer behaviour in these emerging economies, though the influence of these variables may be still limited relative the economic factors. Further research on special groups is required to quantify the influence of non-economic factors and compare the results estimated in Romania with other countries which are candidates to EU accession.

The stronger these beliefs are, the easier will people pursue the more difficult tasks. These definitions clearly reveal the degree of overlap between these two constructs. Both constructs are concerned with control, perceiving the difficulty or easiness of a certain behavior (PBC) and the belief that one is capable of performing it (SE) [9]. Meanwhile, various studies have demonstrated that, in some cases, Bandura’s concept of self-efficacy predicts intention and behavior better than perceived behavioral control [12]. Therefore, given the lack of a tool for evaluating interventions based on the expanded version of the theory of reasoned action (derived from combining this theory with the self-efficacy construct) for drug abuse prevention in adolescents, the researchers designed the aforementioned questionnaire and examined its validity and reliability.

Accepted :15 October 2013 Abstract Dysfunctional audit behaviors behind corporate fiascos are a burning issue in today’s ever changing globalized business world. After the Enron scandal that saw the demise of Arthur Andersen LLP., a growing research interest in the field of audit quality is being witnessed. With this negative publicity of professional auditing firms, it is pertinent to execute an efficient audit, causes of these dysfunctional audit behaviors should necessarily be identified and eliminated. To help address this issue, the paper attempted to explain an auditor's behavioral intention to engage or not to engage in dysfunctional audit behaviors through the lens of the Theory of Reasoned Action. The study proposed a Theory of Reasoned Action as a guide for a valid prediction of auditors's intention to involve in dysfunctional audit behaviors. This proposed framework is recommended for not only practitioners who engaged in the auditing profession, but also for many other regulators including the board of directors, audit committees, top management, stakeholder, and governing bodies, to enable them take initiatives to enhance the ethics in their work environments.

Het blijkt dus dat de meeste mensen in staat zijn om een attitude ten opzichte van objecten te vormen door deze te ontbinden in attributen. De bounded rational vacationer van Decrop & Snelders (2005) blijkt dus aanwezig te zijn. Het is ook mogelijk dat de proefpersonen zelf niet precies weten waarom ze de ene vakantie boven de andere vakantie prefereren: veel mensen hebben wellicht ooit ervaren een voorkeur te hebben voor het ene object boven het ander, zonder te kunnen zeggen wat de reden daarvan is. Een totaaloordeel over het expectancy value-deel van de Theory of Reasoned Action is dan ook niet te vellen. Voor het ene individu klopt het model wel, voor het andere niet.

This research studied two topics: First, applying El -Menouar’s Muslim religiosity scale (2014) where in Indonesia it had never been used. Second, extending the Theory of Reasoned Action with the variable of religiosity. We took the sample randomly from 4 cities and 4 regencies in Indonesia. Data gathering by questionnaires, interviews, observations, and reviews of relevant literature. Structural Equation Modeling is an analytical tool for measuring variables and for hypotheses testing purposes. We employed Latent Variable Score to simplify religiosity construct. The results showed that attitude and subjective norms empirically prove to have a positive effect on intention to wear hijab. While religiosity has no effect on intention to wear hijab, it does, however, affect the attitude. The influence of subjective norms on intention to wear hijab is greater than the influence of religiosity on attitudinal-mediated hijab wearing intention. Because of the chosen research approach, the research results may lack generalizability. In the future, we suggest others to retest the conceptual model in order robust it. For business, mark eting communica tions need to involve a fashionable Islamic public figure. The goal is to change consumer behavior through an influential person and change the underlying beliefs of attitudes to be positive to the product. The application of El-Menouars restricted Muslim religiosity scale is the first in Indonesia. This study also strengthens Theory of Reasoned Action as one of the prominent theories of behavior.

Methods: Initially, a preliminary 78-item inventory on diabetic men ’ s dietary beliefs and behaviors was developed based on the six constructs of the Theory of Reasoned Action. Then, psychometric evaluation methods were employed to select the most appropriate items and also to validate the inventory. The validity of the inventory was assessed through face, content, and construct validity assessment. For construct validity assessment, a sample of 206 diabetic men was selected from two educational, research and healthcare settings located in Isfahan, Iran. The inventory was completed for all men through interviewing them. The reliability of the inventory was evaluated through internal consistency assessment.

: Amna Shifia Nisafani, S.Kom, M.Sc. ABSTRACT Impact of information technology, which is abbreviated by IT to the environmental damage of concern in various sectors and is becoming increasingly important. Many attempts were made in the adoption of IT, one is the application of green computing / green IT will be called Green IT to minimize the adverse impacts of IT on the environment. One way of measuring the success of the adoption of green computing is to measure the level of awareness of stakeholders who felt the direct impact of the adoption of this technology. This is done so that the adoption of this technology can be run well and can be accepted by all stakeholder in organization. To measure the level of awareness of the receipt of the adoption of green computing, then used the framework of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) which is where this theory by studying how the behavior, attitudes and motivations of the subjects to be studied. In addition to using factors - factors that exist in the TRA, use is also a factor - external factors such as the person related beliefs, sector of respondents, and the level of awareness which is the addition of other factors affecting the level of awareness of the perpetrators of the adoption of green computing in an agency. The case study used in this final project is Institute of Technology Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya.

CONCLUSION This study used the Theory of Reasoned Action model to predict young mobile phone users Text Messaging Behavior in India. Despite of huge growth in mobile subscribers and mobile service providers in India, little research has investigated Text Messaging Behavior in India. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between Attitude, Subjective Norms, Intention and the Text Messaging Behavior in India among youth. In particular, the finding in this research can help practitioners understand that Attitude has more positive impact on mobile text messaging Intention than Subjective norm towards mobile text messaging. Subjective norms have negative effect on mobile text messaging Intention and it has no impact on mobile text messaging Behavior. The result of this study suggests that practitioners and academics should focus their efforts on this relationship in TRA model for better understanding the mobile text messaging Behavior of youth in India.

The results of regression analysis in this study indicated that attitude and subjective norms significantly explained the variance in behavioral intention related to dress code. This implies that the participants with a more positive attitude and higher perceived social support regarding dressing in accordance with the university’s dress code have a higher tendency to dress according to this dress code. This finding is in agreement with the fundamental structural relationships of the theory of reasoned action. In this theory, the individuals’ attitude and subjective norms regarding a particular behavior are the main determinants of the behavioral intention (13).

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND The research on individual psychology and behavior has always been an important issue in the field of social psychology. The Theory of Reasoned Action was proposed by Ajzen and Fishbein in the 1970s, which laid the foundation for the study of this problem. The Theory of Rational Action holds that the individual's intention is an important pre-determined factor to determine the individual's behavior, and the intention is determined by both the individual’s attitude and subjective norm. Attitude is the individual's belief and the assessment of the result of the conduct. Subjective norms refer to the individual's belief that the intimate person thinks that he should or should not perform an act. The rational behavior theory explains the psychological motive of the user’s application of certain information system from the individual level. The adoption of the rational behavior theory to study the digital library can reveal the system usage from the user's point of view and avoid the evaluation of the system from the perspective of construction. So it can reveal the user’s usage of information resources.