viral interferon regulatory factor 2
Inhibition of Interferon Signaling by the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Full-Length Viral Interferon Regulatory Factor 2 Protein
... Since vIRF-1 can transform NIH 3T3 cells (15) and mitigate IFN- ␥ signaling (51), we investigated these activities for vIRF-2. NIH 3T3 cells were transfected with pcDNA4/vIRF-2, and stable transfectants ...
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Genome-Wide Mapping of the Binding Sites and Structural Analysis of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Viral Interferon Regulatory Factor 2 Reveal that It Is a DNA-Binding Transcription Factor
... the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) pro- moter by IRF-1, as well as activation of the IFN reporter promoter by either IRF-3 or IRF-1, but not by IRF-7 ...of interferon-stimulated gene ...
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Inhibition of Interferon Regulatory Factor 7 (IRF7)-Mediated Interferon Signal Transduction by the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Viral IRF Homolog vIRF3
... transcription factor family and inter- acts with HIF-1 ␣ /ARNT via the bHLH and part of the PAS domain (2, ...(Fig. 2) and that the synthetic peptide containing the double helix motifs of vIRF3 bound ...
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Functional Analysis of Human Herpesvirus 8-Encoded Viral Interferon Regulatory Factor 1 and Its Association with Cellular Interferon Regulatory Factors and p300
... HHV-8 is the first identified viral genome that contains ORFs homologous to the cellular transcriptional factors of the IRF family. While cellular IRFs are DNA binding proteins, neither the full-size vIRF-1 nor ...
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Cooperation between Viral Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 and RTA To Activate a Subset of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Lytic Promoters
... Activation of the K10/vIRF4 promoter by RTA has not been reported. To address this, we generated a luciferase reporter con- struct using a 0.9-kbp fragment taken immediately upstream of the K10/vIRF4 initiator codon ...
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Review of the RNA interference pathway in molluscs including some possibilities for use in bivalves in aquaculture
... this interferon pathway is ...or 2 (IAD1, IAD2), [35] did not detect IRF genes in nematodes or arthropods but they did in molluscs with 2–7 different genes in 4 functional ...IRF 2 (within the ...
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A Rhesus Rhadinovirus Viral Interferon (IFN) Regulatory Factor Is Virion Associated and Inhibits the Early IFN Antiviral Response
... We next wanted to investigate whether R6 interacts with other cellular proteins that associate with pIRF3 in the nucleus. Upon its phosphorylation and dimerization, pIRF3 translocates to the nu- cleus, where it ...
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Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Viral Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (vIRF4) Perturbs the G1-S Cell Cycle Progression via Deregulation of the cyclin D1 Gene
... (1, 2), enters the cell, it manipulates the host envi- ronment in order to establish a productive infection and ensure viral ...cell-specific factor (TCF)/lym- phoid enhancer-binding factor-1 ...
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Rhesus Macaque Rhadinovirus Encodes a Viral Interferon Regulatory Factor To Disrupt Promyelocytic Leukemia Nuclear Bodies and Antagonize Type I Interferon Signaling
... of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs), aiding the establishment of an antiviral state within the cell ...regulate viral gene transcription, and replicate (3, ...and viral IFN regulatory ...
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Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Viral Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Inhibits Gamma Interferon and Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II Expression
... cellular interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) (reviewed in reference ...The viral interferon regulatory factor 3 (vIRF-3), also termed latency-associated nuclear antigen 2 ...
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Inhibition of Beta Interferon Transcription by Noncytopathogenic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Is through an Interferon Regulatory Factor 3-Dependent Mechanism
... exhibited by pestiviruses. The END effect extends to other virus families, and we have observed significant increases in plaque formation induced by coinfection with ncp BVDV and some strains of influenza viruses, ...
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Transcriptional Regulation of the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Viral Interferon Regulatory Factor Gene
... potential regulatory sites ...scription factor could be responsible for the induction of tran- scription by phorbol esters (13, ...the viral transactivator ORF 50 protein ...
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Identification of the DNA Sequence Interacting with Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Viral Interferon Regulatory Factor 1
... were cultured in the presence or absence of 12-O-tetradeca- noylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) for 48 h. A ChIP assay was performed with a ChIP assay kit (Upstate, Charlottesville, VA) as described in the manufacturer’s ...
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Deregulation of HDAC5 by Viral Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Plays an Essential Role in Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus Induced Lymphangiogenesis
... endothelial lineage. First, KS seldom develops in organs lacking a lymphatic system (29–31). Second, LECs are more susceptible to KSHV infection than BECs (8). Third, KS-SCs mainly express LEC markers, as opposed to BEC ...
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Distinct Roles of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Encoded Viral Interferon Regulatory Factors in Inflammatory Response and Cancer
... the viral genome persists as a circular episome in the nucleus of the host ...few viral genes are expressed, namely, those encoding latency-associated nuclear antigen 1 (LANA1), Kaposin, vFLIP (viral ...
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Inhibition of p53 Tumor Suppressor by Viral Interferon Regulatory Factor
... Multiple regions of p53 interact with vIRF. To further de- lineate an interaction between vIRF and p53, we attempted to define the regions of p53 required for this interaction. The p53 protein consists of five ...
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Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Viral Interferon Regulatory Factor
... IFNs are a family of multifunctional cytokines that manifest antiviral activities. In fact, IFN is the first known cytokine. Although the detailed mechanism of the effects of IFNs against most viruses remains elusive, ...
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Inhibition of Beta Interferon Induction by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Suggests a Two-Step Model for Activation of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3
... 72). Viral proteins with IFN-antagonistic activity can interfere with any of these ...by viral homologues (38, 43, 73), binding to IRF-3 (51), or sequestration of the coactivator CBP ...
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Rapid Upregulation of Interferon-Regulated and Chemokine mRNAs upon Injection of 108 International Units, but Not Lower Doses, of Adenoviral Vectors into the Brain
... to viral vectors utilized in gene ...the interferon (IFN)-regulated proteins interferon regulatory factor 1, 2 ⴕ ,5 ⴕ -oligoadenylate synthetase, and ...
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Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 Attenuates Reovirus Myocarditis and Contributes to Viral Clearance
... plates (Costar) and incubated for 2 days. Overlying medium was removed, duplicate wells of cells were incubated with either medium or CsCl-purified reovirus at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10 PFU/cell for ...
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