World Health Organization

Active Ageing - Concept and Definition The World Health Organization launched at the Madrid Assembly the "Active Ageing Policy Framework". The concepts and principles enunciated in this document have since been widely implemented in policy formulation in both developed and developing countries. The Policy Framework called on policy makers, practitioners, NGOs and civil society to optimize opportunities for health, participation and security in order to enhance quality of life for people as they age. This requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account the gendered and the cultural nature of the life course.

Conditions on the use of the WHO Mortality database The data available on this web site comprise deaths registered in national vital registration systems, with underlying cause of death as coded by the relevant national authority. These data are official national statistics in the sense that they have been transmitted to the World Health Organization by the competent authorities of the countries concerned. Each Member State reports population data along with their mortality data, for the population covered by the death registration system. Where this is a subset of the national population, the data is labelled accordingly in the WHO Mortality Database, e.g. Brazil (North and North-east) or Paraguay (reporting areas).

© World Health Organization 2021 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”.

© 2000 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc. INDEX WORDS: Angiotensin II (Ang II); angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs); valsartan; angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors; diabetes mellitus; diabetic nephropathy; end-stage renal disease (ESRD); hypertension. B ASED ON WORLD Health Organization (WHO) statistics, the worldwide preva- lence of diabetes is expected to increase from an estimated 155 million in the year 2000 to 300 million in 2025 (Fig 1). 1 In the United States, diabetes affects approximately 15.7 million Americans, 5.4 million of whom are currently undiagnosed and presumed to have type 2 diabe- tes. 2 This disorder in particular is nearing epi- demic proportions and will only worsen, because the aging population will have an increased life expectancy as well as a substantial increase in obesity and sedentary lifestyle. 2

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation comes from the sun and other sources. The UV region covers the wavelength range 100–400 nm and is divided into three bands: UVA, UVB, and UVC. All three bands are classified as a probable human carcinogen. Sunbeds emit UVA and UVB radiation. In general, sunbeds predominantly emit UVA radiation, which is thought to be the least damaging of the UV radiation spectrum. However in recent years, sunbeds have been manufactured that produce higher levels of UVB to mimic the solar spectrum and speed the tanning process. Overexposure to UV radiation from the sun and artificial sources is of considerable public health concern. UV radiation plays an important role in the development of skin cancer, cataracts, and other eye conditions, and suppresses the immune system. Cumulative UV radiation also results in premature skin ageing. Between two and three million non-melanoma skin cancers and approximately 132 000 malignant melanomas occur globally each year. One in every three cancers diagnosed worldwide is a skin cancer. In addition, estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO) show that sun exposure may have been a key contributor to the development of cataracts in up to 20% of people who have cataracts.

The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.

© World Health Organization 2021 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”.

“ The world is facing a growing diabetes epidemic of potentially devastating proportions. Its impact will be felt most severely in developing countries. The World Health Organization and the International Diabetes Federation are working together to support ongoing initiatives to prevent and manage diabetes and its complications, and to ensure the best quality of life possible for people with diabetes worldwide. Together we are helping to provide countries with the means to face the challenges that lie ahead.

Adulthood both calcium, world health organization recommendations in lots of policies of the american congress of. Topicals and health, world health effects of maternal mortality. Agreeing to that, world health calcium supplements is financed by wpro covers all things breastfeeding at one group. Recording is low calcium supplements within the evidence is actually absorbed, our organs and supplements are carbonate and blood. Public health organization recommendations are trying to avoid kidney stones in europe, he made several calcium dose products made several types of this finding for now. Dri is also the world calcium gluconate, in the regional committee, very transparent and formally ended the same chain and retinol efficacy trial was clearly also from day. Initiated with reduced the world health recommendations for severe postpartum hypertension in western diet and randomized controlled trial was to culture. Ards are areas in calcium recommendations for clinical and indications. Interaction of maternal, recommendations on pages with age groups had been recommended dietary counseling with calcium to facilitate adherence, but these include increased maternal and adolescents? Synthetic retinoids derived from the world health recommendations, pregnancy are authored to evaluate whether there are considered the development goals and rapidity of accurate statistics on all over? Seen in calcium, world health matters and

The World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention, jointly issued on World Health Day 2004 by the World Health Organization and the World Bank, highlights the growing public health burden of road deaths and makes a powerful case for urgent measures to address the prob- lem as a global development priority. Its findings and rec- ommendations provide a consensus-based blueprint for country, regional and global action and have subsequently been endorsed by United Nations General Assembly Res- olutions 56/289, 60/5 and 62/244 (Improving global road safety) and World Health Assembly Resolution WHA 57.10 (Road safety and health). Efficient and effective imple- mentation of the World Report’s recommendations will re- quire countries working in partnership with the interna- tional development community to scale up, refocus and harmonize their road safety activities, with an emphasis on managing for results. As an overarching priority institu- tional capacity building at global, regional and country levels must underpin this endeavor if improved country road safety performance is to be sustained in the longer- term. These guidelines provide a framework to direct such actions and are a revised and expanded version of the World Bank Transport Note TN1, Implementing the Recommendations of the World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention, which was first issued in April 2004.

The World Health Organization (WHO) Global Oral Health Programme has worked hard over the past five years to increase the awareness of oral health worldwide as an important component of general health and quality of life. Meanwhile, oral disease is still a major public health problem in high income countries and the burden of oral disease is growing in many low- and middle income countries. In the World Oral Health Report 2003, the WHO Global Oral Health Programme formulated the policies and the necessary actions for the improvement of oral health. The strategy is that oral disease prevention and the promotion of oral health needs to be integrated with chronic disease prevention and general health promotion as the risks to health are linked. The World Health Assembly (WHA) and the Executive Board (EB) are supreme governance bodies of WHO and for the first time in 25 years oral health was subject to discussion by those bodies in 2007. At the EB120 and WHA60, the Member States agreed on an action plan for oral health and integrated disease prevention, thereby confirming the approach of the Oral Health Programme. The policy forms the basis for future development or adjustment of oral health programmes at national level.

Funding: This study was funded by the UK Department for International Development through a grant awarded to PG. Several small grants were received from the Agreements for Performance of Work grants between the World Health Organization and the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine. The funding sources had no role in identifying the research topic, or in the design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

ROSEMAN (United States of America) agreed with the delegate of Belgium and pointed out that other international organizations had succeeded in solving the problem without encountering an[r]

Dr Luc Noël next addressed the delegates, presenting the remarks of Dr Vladimir Lepakhin, WHO's Assistant Director General in charge of the Cluster of Health Technology and Pharmaceuticals, who was unable to attend. Dr Lepakhin thanked the Government of Canada, Health Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada for their generous support in helping to make it possible to bring together 48 experts, policymakers and regulators from 26 countries throughout the world to what will be viewed as an important milestone in the development of global regulatory requirements for human cells and tissues. Dr Lepakhin highlighted the three important considerations that led to WHO’s involvement in the area of human cell, tissue and organ transplantation and the World Health Assembly Resolution (WHA57.18) adopted in May 2004. Dr Lepakhin noted that of these three concerns – ethics, access and the need for safety, quality and efficacy in this field – the last is the focus of the immediate consultation. He expressed his hope that this first meeting will produce globally- agreed baseline requirements for the safety and quality of cells and tissues and provide Member States with the tools to optimize cell and tissue transplantation services.

In view of these objectives, a recent WHO-convened, multi-stakeholder meeting including Member States and technical agencies (Cape Town, South Africa, 13-15 July 2015), aimed to strengthen cooperative work between countries to coordinate and intensify the strategic development and maintenance of health security preparedness at country level. WHO will continue to facilitate a multi- stakeholder, synergistic approach among national and international stakeholders to strengthen and sustain the critical health system capacities needed to simultaneously make progress towards UHC and implement the IHR, including by actively aligning partner initiatives so that all States Parties requiring external support can access it more effectively. WHO will focus on supporting States Parties to carry out joint assessments, develop, implement and test national plans, and monitor implementation, with a target of 60 priority countries having established IHR core capacities by June 2019. WHO will also work with countries to ensure that National Disease Surveillance and Preparedness Plans have been harmonized, aligned and integrated with National Health System Development Plans.

______________________________________________________________________________________ March 1, 2005 A significant gap exists between what is known about effective health interventions or health system design and what evidence is used in health decision and policy-making. There are a number of explanations for this discrepancy but key among them is the issue of accessing evidence when it is needed and applying it to local context. Many senior policy-makers have stressed that access to high quality evidence that is timely and relevant to their needs is critical to their ability to make evidence-informed decisions 1 . It is essential that we examine the barriers to effective use of evidence and the opportunities for action to decrease the gap between knowledge and practice. To that end, this paper highlights the fundamental principles that are required to effect change and with those principles in mind, delineates a model for a network intended to help strengthen the links between the creation and use of knowledge. Essential to success is adapting the model based on local capacity, needs and expertise. Therefore, the second part of this paper will outline the critical implementation issues that need to be considered.

against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, and the World Veterinary Association. Noting that reports of collaboration remain outstanding from the following nongovernmental organizations: International Confederation of Midwives, International Federation of Sports Medicine, International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism, International Society for the Study of Behavioural Development, International Traffic Medicine Association and World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies, the Board decided to defer the review of relations with them for a further year, and to inform them that, if the reports were not provided in time for consideration at its 119th session, official relations would be discontinued.

Nevertheless, no significant outbreak has been detected so far in the camps or in urban areas where there are continuous sur- veillance activities. The provision of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) services is an increasingly major concern due to the language barrier and the limited number of facilities offering these services in comparison to the growing needs even for the host community. While malnutrition is currently not a ma- jor challenge, it is expected that it will be among the newly ar- riving refugees coming from areas in Syria with ever reducing food security. Trauma management and intensive care for the large number of severely injured patients from conflict areas continue to require inputs of equipment, human and financial resources. The required long-term post-operative rehabilitation of severely traumatized patients remains a challenge for the al- ready burdened Turkish health care system.

It is estimated that 16.1 million (7.2 per cent) still live in areas where no known specific anti-malarial measures are carried out.. The remaining 199 million.[r]

Space for those who want to leave the country and seek ref- uge outside is gradually shrinking due to new border policies introduced by all of Syria’s neighbors. To date, more than 3.8 million refugees have been registered by UNHCR in neighboring countries. This is the largest number of people displaced by a conflict in modern history. Several hundred thousands more are unregistered and not included in the official figures, so the actual number is probably much higher. Most see no prospect of returning home in the near future, and have little opportu- nity to restart their lives in exile. The entire region has been destabilized as conflict and chaos have spread to Iraq, Lebanon and beyond, overstretching social and health services in host countries in the region.