[PDF] Top 20 Characterization of CuxNy AND CdO:Al thin films for solar cell applications

... the solar energy which is utilized through photovoltaic ...for solar cell energy conversion with reduced cost of ...(CdO:Al) thin films, there is very little ... See full document

... Below 400 nm there was a sharp fall in the percentage transmittance of the films, an indication of a strong increase in absorption, [11]. This is attributed to rapid change in the optical absorption coefficient, ... See full document

... numerous applications in the diverse fields such as electronic industries, military weapon systems, space science, solar energy utilization, optical and superconducting films, high memory computer ... See full document

... Intermittent contact mode, also called AC or tapping mode, is like non-contact mode except that the tip is brought closer to the sample. The tip barely touches or taps the sample surface at the end of its vibration ... See full document

... transistor, solar cells, pn junction and also in photovoltaic application (Parreta et ...scientific applications like optics, biotechnology and manufacturing industry tools which produce anti-reflection ... See full document

... or Al, contact layers of the cell(Kramer and Sargent ...first cell with this architecture was produced in 2005 (McDonald, ...field, thin-films consisting of only QDs could effectively ... See full document

... and characterization of thin films, here he was studied electrical/optical, structural, surface morphological and noise properties of the thin films technology at varies ... See full document

... oxide thin films were prepared by cost effective modified SILAR ...the films are polycrystalline in nature with cubic structure having preferential orientation along (111) ...coated CdO ... See full document

... Alternatively, a film with transmission properties similar to those of the inferior TCO, but half the sheet resistance, could be used. This would have the advantage of reducing the number of interconnects required, ... See full document

... For samples S1, S2 and S3, CdTe films had a strong preferred orientation at 2θ of 23.7˚ corresponding to the plane parallel to the (111) direction of the cubic zinc blende structure [4]. Moreover, principal ... See full document

... samples. The chemical reaction between the amino acids and the ninhydrin marker is expected to produce an amount of Ruhemann’s purple that is proportional to its absorption peak in the UV-vis spectra. The UV-vis spectra ... See full document

... Lower electron mobility causes reduction in conductivity hence high sheet resistivity. Thus, the resistivity increases with the doping concentration. However, after a certain level of doping, the do-pant atoms in the ... See full document

... The structural, composition, morphology, optical band gap and electrical resistivity of elaborated thin films were studied, respectively using x-ray diffraction, energy dispersive analys[r] ... See full document

... These films are semitransparent in nature have been widely used in a flat panel displays, solar cells and gas sensing ...These films are transparent conducting in nature, inexpensive, mechanically ... See full document

... NA is doping concentration of semiconducting material, q is charge on electron, ε is permittivity of the material and slope is obtained from graph 1/C 2 verses V in Figure 4. After the heat treatment C-V plot shows ... See full document

... The undoped ZnO, In-doped ZnO and Ga-doped ZnO thin films were deposited on soda lime glass substrates using spray pyrolysis. The glass substrates were washed in an ultrasonic cleaner for half an h using ... See full document

... based solar cells still present high costs of production because the materials must be extremely pure to ensure the efficiency of the devices ...produced. Thin film solar cells have been reported to ... See full document

... of thin film technology (large surface areas area, cheap deposition techniques, economical use of semiconductor ...Si thin film solar cells on inexpensive foreign substrates have been studied ... See full document

... Energy consumption has increased steadily with civilization. Energy crisis due to a decline in fossil fuel stocks and increasing carbon dioxide emissions that are causing global warming has enhanced interest in the ... See full document

... (not shown here) didn’t give any evidence of spurious phases. This does not exclude the possibility of some ZnS segregation since the ZnS XRD peaks are superimposed to those of CZTS and (with the 532 nm wavelength ... See full document