[PDF] Top 20 The EU Emissions Trading Scheme as a Driver for Future Carbon Markets. CEPS Task Force Report, March 2012

... the EU ETS and revenue to the ...in markets, along with the principle of avoiding the existence of several different policies in the same ...the EU-wide cap and the resulting risk of carbon ... See full document

... similar carbon constraint has generated concerns about the competitiveness of European energy-intensive ...‘moderate’ carbon prices, due in part to the possibilities emerging from the Linking Directive, ... See full document

... A trading scheme based on on-going voluntary participation is not likely to ...a scheme would lead to a market with an imbalance between sellers and buyers, thereby restricting the liquidity and, ... See full document

... regulatory scheme to set (industry) performance targets; to define (sectoral or national) GHG emission caps in a bottom-up fashion; to judge the national, EU-wide or international ‘comparability’ of sector ... See full document

... low carbon price, but to compensate for an insufficiently stringent emission trajectory (Neuhoff ...the carbon price and the emission target. Grubb (2012) explains why and points out that in ... See full document

... the EU has assumed a position of leadership in reducing ...the EU to demonstrate that it is serious about the environmental outcome (environmental effectiveness) and is not merely paying lip ...the ... See full document

... of emissions under the EU ETS is ...for emissions reductions within the ETS and thus lowers the total costs for society to reach climate ...the carbon constraint ...an emissions cap ... See full document

... The EU ETS requires clarity in the structure of the emissions market and predictability and continuity in the event of major ...an emissions market. Functioning markets generally can ... See full document

... of carbon costs, emissions intensity was chosen in order to avoid using carbon price forecasts (CARB, ...to carbon costs. It captures the importance of GHG emissions, but not, at least ... See full document

... the carbon constraint from the scheme differs from one sector to ...indirect carbon costs onto prices, its exposure to international competitiveness and its potential for emissions abatement ... See full document

... balancing energy market is the residual real-time market with the most flexible, and therefore scarce and expensive, balancing energy providers on the supply side. At the same time, the balancing energy price tends to ... See full document

... and EU, the sheer scale of China’s population will allow it to dominate the brain ...the EU average but higher than the current Italian rate. In 2013 Most EU countries had achieved a graduation rate ... See full document

... Arguments in favour of increased mobility are, however, often drowned out by a general fear, often amplified by the media in some western European countries, that too many workers from eastern Europe are moving in search ... See full document

... the EU is now faced with an arc of instability stretching from the Sahel to the Horn of Africa, through the Middle East and the Caucasus up to the new frontlines in eastern ...the EU and extremism in the ... See full document

... the EU, but the tax rates levied and the rules for determining the tax base differ ...this report, complicate the efforts to produce a greater degree of uniformity for the taxation of businesses within the ... See full document

... background, EU member states are still pursuing fragmented C(I)IP policies, and there is still a significant lack of cooperation between national governments and EU institutions in setting up a coordinated ... See full document

... auction markets are designed to handle small trades at the lowest transaction costs but only as long as the market for that financial instrument is sufficiently ... See full document

... On the supply side, big producing companies are often horizontally integrated, so they are also involved in mining other important metals such as iron ore or copper (e.g. Rio Tinto). But most importantly, producers are ... See full document

... Insurance companies. The insurance sector is the largest institutional investor in Europe and remains highly concentrated in a small number of countries. Despite a shift towards products featuring lower guarantees and a ... See full document

... discretion of member states in the use of the funds by requiring better justification for actions with a more concrete list of priorities. There will be some resistance to these changes, with a risk that the list is ... See full document