Top PDF Means and method of detection in chemical separation procedures

Means and method of detection in chemical separation procedures Abstract A means and method for indirect detection of constituent components of a mixture separated in a chemical separation process. Fluorescing ions are distributed across the area in which separation of the mixture will occur to provide a generally uniform background fluorescence intensity. For example, the mixture is

The scope of this paper is to determine how a transit of an exoplanet can be detected by means of the Bump Detection Method, given the light curve of its host star. First of all, a statistical model will be provided, whereafter the Bump Detection Method will be applied based on statistical significance testing. Second, performance simulations will be investigated, before applying the Bump Detection Method on the Kepler data. To en- hance the detection of exoplanets a linear filter will be applied to the data. Finally, the paper concludes with an analysis of the results retrieved from the application of the Bump Detection method in the Kepler data and recommendations for further research.

Abstract: This work presents a disease detection model to detect and identify affected Arecanut using K-Means and Otsu method. This approach has two steps; preprocessing and disease detection. In preprocessing the arecanut image is segmented from the background to remove shadow effects using color K-means clustering. In disease detection, RGB image is converted to monochrome using Otsu thresholding. Then the affected regions on the Arecanut is marked using connected components approach. We used our own dataset of 50 disease affected arecanut images to carry out the experimentation.

In this paper we present an intrusion detection module capable of detecting malicious network traffic in a SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system, based on the combination of One-Class Support Vector Machine (OCSVM) with RBF kernel and recursive k-means clustering. Important parameters of OCSVM, such as Gaussian width σ and parameter ν affect the performance of the classifier. Tuning of these parameters is of great importance in order to avoid false positives and over fitting. The combination of OCSVM with recursive k- means clustering leads the proposed intrusion detection module to distinguish real alarms from possible attacks regardless of the values of parameters σ and ν, making it ideal for real-time intrusion detection mechanisms for SCADA systems. Extensive simulations have been conducted with datasets extracted from small and medium sized HTB SCADA testbeds, in order to compare the accuracy, false alarm rate and execution time against the base line OCSVM method.

5. FEATUREEXTRACTION The highlights of the skin injury are extricated with a specific end goal to know the disease condition of the patient. The skin injuries are moreover connoted as hopefuls. The parameters removed from the segmented picture are called as Texture Analysis. These highlights have the parameters, for instance, Mean, Deviation, Entropy, RMS, Variance, Smoothness, Kurtosis and Skewness, IDM, Contrast, Correlation, Energy, 43 Homogenity. These parameters for Texture Analysis (TA) are extracted for each Lesion image. c. k-Means Image division is the order of a picture into various groups.

Fluorescein carbamido groups were estimated spectrophotometrically (490 mu) using fluo- rescein purified by the method of Orudorff and Hemmer (20) as a reference standard. Agglutini[r]

The k-means clustering algorithm is commonly used in computer vision as a form of image segmentation. The results of the segmentation are used to aid border detection and object recognition. 2. Clustering can be applied to detect abnormality in wind data (abnormal vibration) 3. Monitor Wind Turbine Conditions.

187 Summary The current production of bulk chemicals is highly dependent on the use of fossil fuels as the carbon and energy sources. As discussed in Chapter 1, this leads to issues including the depletion of limited reserves, insecure supply and global warming. Thus biomass, which is considered to be sustainable and carbon neutral, becomes a promising substitute for fossil fuels in the production of fuels, chemicals and materials. Also the concept of biorefinery has been introduced to separate and convert biomass into marketable products. For the chemical industry biomass, which contains functionalities needed for bulk chemicals, can be used as a feedstock that replaces fossil fuels. Therefore providing benefits in saving process steps, extra chemical reagents, energy consumption and capital cost. For example, amino acids (AAs) are very interesting precursors for nitrogen (amine) containing chemicals. They can be derived as a mixture from the hydrolysis of potentially inexpensive proteins obtained from the byproducts of the biofuel production or agricultural and food waste streams. However, AAs derived from such sources are present as a mixture. Therefore separation is required to obtain individual AAs for subsequent transformations and applications. Electrodialysis (ED) is a promising separation method that can be carried out in continuous mode and large scale. Based on the difference in isoelectric points (IPs), ED separates AAs into acidic, basic and neutral streams. However further separation needs to be improved when AAs with similar IPs are present in the same stream. To aid the further separation inside the three streams by ED, specific conversion of AAs can be applied to give products with different charge or solubility behaviors and have industrial application. The aim of the research presented in this thesis is to explore and improve those specific conversions that can be used as a means to separate AAs for a biorefinery approach of bulk chemicals production.

Seiffert has defined two well-known trigonometric means denoted by P and T. In a similar way it was defined by Carlson the logarithmic mean L as a hyperbolic mean. Neuman and S´andor completed the list of such means by another hyperbolic mean M. There are more known inequalities between the means P, T, and L and some power means A p . We add to these inequalities two new results obtaining the following nice chain of inequalities A 0 < L < A 1/2 <

catalyst, e.g. sulfuric acid). Hete- rogeneous catalysis (solid catalyst) is preferred due to the advantage of avoiding catalyst separation and recycling, which leads to the loss of a product or catalyst. Furthermore, the position and height of the reaction zone in the reactive distillation column can be pinpointed, which reduces the potential of unwanted byproduct formation. Since there is no free acid in the column when applying Katapak-SP, corrosion rates can be reduced significantly and less cor rosion resistant materials of con- struction can be applied, resulting in lower investment costs.

2.7. Elemental Mercury In Hong Kong, currently there is no proper treatment or disposal method available for treating mercury. However, to minimize potential impacts to the environment, mercury wastes are collected and stored until they can be treated or disposed of by an environmentally preferable approach in future. To help the long term storage of mercury, user shall minimise the volume of the mercury waste generated as much as possible. For example, pour the mercury inside a sphygmomanometer to a rigid and sealable container of SIMILAR size and then discard the non-contaminated metallic case, tubing, and cuff as municipal waste. For waste collection, submit a request to HSEO. Select “Others” under the

B. Reagents - Materials and Solutions: All chemical materials received from commercial sources with high purity and used as received [4] The stock solution of Zn(II)ions (1 mg/ml) prepared by dissolved 1 gm of Zn metal in (15 ml) of dilute hydrochloric acid (1 : 1) and then diluted this solution to 1 liter by distilled water in volumetric flask. A working standard solutions prepared by dilution with distilled water, needful prepared buffer solution (pH

connection between the mathematical formalism of a theory and its interpretation is always subtle. To guide us towards an understanding of many scientific phenomena, simple concepts are necessary, even they are incomplete initially. An illustration of this fact, the chemical bond and their reorganization are one of the successful concepts in chemistry in interpreting and predicting many chemical phenomena related to structure and chemical reactivity, respectively. Both concepts provide a qualitative description to understand the nature of molecular electronic structure and predict the molecular reactivity. However, they have not clear physical nature and deep definition. To circumvent this difficulty, the preceding examples, from collaborative work and many other studies in the literature, show the benefits of a joint experimental and theoretical approach to problems.

C ONCEPTUAL IMPROVEMENT OF IDE-DEP SYSTEMS BY CONCENTRIC CIDE SEPARATOR 6 Conceptual improvement of IDE-DEP systems by using a concentric cIDE separator – a simulation study Continuous, high-throughput dielectrophoretic fractionation of microparticles is still faced with problems. Improvement of IDE-DEP-based, continuous-flow systems to provide a sufficient DEP force for particle manipulation is needed, especially in DEP system scale-up, in order to maximize separation efficiency with minimized energy demand. The cIDE separator proposed in Chapter 5 shows good agreement between theoretical and experimental size-dependent particle trajectories, but due to device limitations it only open up the possibility of microparticle fractionation. The major problem encountered here, however, is to achieve size-based separation in a system where particles always experience a balance of both negative dielectrophoretic force and gravitational force for levitation in the vertical direction. Since both these forces scale with the cube of the particle radius, it is very difficult indeed to realize moderate distances of particles perpendicular to the flow and hence to discriminate between them when they have fine size differences but the same density and dielectric properties. In addition, the only way to improve the system’s throughput is by increasing the flow velocity, since a relatively low height of the separation channel is required to minimize Joule heating interference, on one hand, while keeping an effective DEP working area along the overall height of channel, on the other hand. Particles carried by high velocity flow do not have enough time to respond to the local effective DEP force field, which may reduce the possibility of separation. These limitations make it difficult for the cIDE separator to meet the requirements for DEP scale-up of microparticle fractionation in order to achieve further improvement in the throughput of IDE-DEP systems.

Means and method for soil testing Abstract An inexpensive device which is easily operated to accurately measure the Coulomb parameters of the soil. The Coulomb parameters are used in Coulomb's equation to calculate the shearing stresses along a failure surface of the soil. The device includes an instrument to test soil shear strength to which several weights have been added. To obtain the Coulomb parameters, the instrument is placed on the soil to be tested and weights are incrementally added to it. The instrument is rotated at each weight increment and the shearing stresses are read from its calibrated dial. The stresses are plotted on a graph from which the Coulomb parameters are determined. The shearing stress of the soil with any known force applied to it can then be determined.

Safety, Cleaning, and Chemical Disposal Procedures 1. Using Acids At many points in the fabrication process strong acids are used as etchants. These cause severe burns if kept in contact with your skin for more than a few seconds, and will cause blindness if splashed in your eyes.

Procedures for disposal of hazardous waste Segregate materials according to the categories listed on pages 3 and 4. If possible, also segregate within categories. Unless the materials are used together during the course of an experiment, segregate all waste. Do not mix chemicals together in one container for convenience sake. We can not stress strongly enough that different chemicals have different disposal methods. If you are unsure of which category to use or if the materials can be safely mixed into one dump, call the safety office (737-4320). Do not guess and do not assume.

e) bags of fluorescent tube breakage waste in the fluorescent tube waste tote Segregation, Labeling and Interim Containment Requirements at User Locations 1. Hazardous wastes kept at a user location must be physically segregated from other hazardous materials according to their physical and chemical properties, in the manner described in the procedure entitled

[54] needed only 5 min to separate five main aglycones—while a striking exception on the high side is found in a 340-min run for the LC of isoflavones in soy sauces for pattern recognition analysis [55]. Table 3 summarizes some typical examples of LC separation conditions reported in the recent literature. Scrutiny of the text and comparison of the eluent compositions and gra- dients used in the quoted, and also other, papers reveals that it is often difficult to find out how, and with which main goal, opti- mization was carried out. Moreover, more recent papers usually do not discuss why elution conditions were selected which differ from those in earlier studies. In several publications, instead of linear gradients, rather complicated gradient profiles are used, comprising several steps and applying various slopes, without any explanation. Obviously, trial-and-error often plays a rather large role. Two exceptions are briefly discussed below.

To study noise abatement approach procedures, Ho and Clarke developed a workstation based fast- time aircraft simulator using 2D point mass model formulation 4 . This simulator was improved by Ren et al for a capacity analysis study of a Modified Three Degree Decelerating Approach (MTDDA) 5 . In 2004, the fast-time simulator was redesigned to achieve 4D trajectory simulation accuracy comparable to full fidelity simulations. Yet, it was designed to be simple enough so that it can be executed in fast-time to generate large number of trajectories for different operation conditions, namely combinations of aircraft configurations, procedure design parameters, and weather conditions, in a relatively short amount of time. To this end, a careful trade-off has been made between accuracy, flexibility, simplicity, and execution speed. In order to accurately simulate aircraft behavior under various wind conditions, aircraft movement in wind condition is carefully analyzed and formulated. The simulator was developed for evaluating and down-selecting procedure design features and for analyzing separation between aircraft during execution of arrival and approach procedures. The most important parameters are altitude, thrust, distance, and time along aircraft trajectory because these parameters directly affect noise impact and spacing between aircraft. Thus, less emphasis was given to aircraft micro dynamic behavior and human-machine interactions. Should those issues become important in later stages of procedure development, researchers can move to more sophisticated simulation facilities such as the full motion simulator mentioned earlier. The resulting fast-time aircraft simulator consists of an aircraft dynamics model, Flight Management System (FMS) with Vertical Navigation (VNAV) capability, the autopilot, and the autothrottle. A pilot agent was included to manually control the extension of flap, landing gear, and speedbrakes. Procedure definition and pilot operation procedure such as the flap schedule can be given as deterministic inputs. On the other hand, individual pilot action variations, aircraft weight, and wind profile can be given as stochastic inputs. System block diagram of the fast-time aircraft simulator is shown in Fig. A-1.