[PDF] Top 20 Real Exchange Rate and Trade Balance in Pakistan: An ARDL Co integration Approach

... to trade balance. One of these tools is manipulation of the exchange rate to acquire the improvement in trade ...the trade balance deteriorates after depreciation and then ... See full document

... (fixed exchange rate) and the post- liberalization period, from 1991 to 2006 (the floating exchange rate ...the ARDL model chose the optimal lag length of 5, 2 and 3 for 1980-2006, ... See full document

... between trade balance, money supply, income and real exchange rate in ...used ARDL method for ...between trade balance, money supply and income, but find no ... See full document

... in real income is expected to increase the demand for imported goods, thereby worsening the trade ...to real income immediately worsens the trade ...the trade balance becomes ... See full document

... long-run co-integration relationship between ...for trade balance (DTB), real exchange rate (RER), foreign income for US (DYUS) and foreign income for Singapore (DYSG) ... See full document

... of exchange rate on trade balance is still inconclusive, the result of this research shows a positive relationship in which exchange rate leads trade balance and ... See full document

... of exchange rate and trade balance in Vietnam by a time series analysis from ...a real depreciation of VND will worsen the trade ...between exchange rate and ... See full document

... the exchange rate–trade balance relationship using both linear and nonlinear ARDL specifications by focusing on ...nonlinear ARDL model is a model recently developed by Shin et ... See full document

... the exchange rates do not have significant effect on China’s exports to the US ...nese trade elasticities, both on a multilateral and bilateral (with the United States) basis and obtain the result that a 10 ... See full document

... dollar exchange rate due to engrossing more inflows of hot money by floating exchange rate policy which can increase Chinese international competitiveness (McKinnon & Schnabl, ...of ... See full document

... that real exchange rates depreciate after trade liberalization for the countries having multiple liberalizations, but exchange rates do not depreciate in an early ...inflation rate and ... See full document

... from ARDL and Johansen approaches are very close to each-other as shown from Equation (14) Equation (15) ...in real oil price leads to approximately ...of real effective exchange rate ... See full document

... of real exchange rate on trade balance with reference to Pakistan and its major trading ...deal balance should the general selling price exchanging associates and also ... See full document

... of exchange rate dynamics on the trade ...linear ARDL, the findings here also show the existence of cointegration between trade balance and its determinants such as real ... See full document

... concerning trade balance, Kayhan et ...the trade deficit and government expenditure in the Turkish economy; they employed Toda-Yamamoto causality (bootstrap process based) and frequency domain ... See full document

... portfolio balance model, the overshooting will improve the current account considerably, leading to a gradual appreciation of the ...the real interest differential model (or the UIP model) perform even ... See full document

... a co-integration approach and the main variables included in the model are, terms of trade (TOT), Aid, Government expenditure on non-tradable (measured by the share of government spending in ... See full document

... the exchange rate and trade balance in Bangladesh from year 1973 to ...Tests, Co-integration techniques, Engle-Granger test, and some other diagnostics test like ... See full document

... and exchange rate, money market rate, and money ...interest rate and exchange rate have significantly impacted the CPI in Malaysia in the short ... See full document

... However co-integration tests on the time series of individual countries lack of giving evidence for the monetary model, he finds that panel based testing both produces more powerful results supporting ... See full document